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"Forbes, David"
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Delayed Disaster Impacts on Academic Performance of Primary School Children
Social disruption caused by natural disasters often interrupts educational opportunities for children. However, little is known about children's learning in the following years. This study examined change in academic scores for children variably exposed to a major bushfire in Australia. Comparisons were made between children attending high, medium, and low disaster-affected primary schools 2-4 years after the disaster (n = 24,642; 9-12 years). The results showed that in reading and numeracy expected gains from Year 3 to Year 5 scores were reduced in schools with higher levels of bushfire impact. The findings highlight the extended period of academic impact and identify important opportunities for intervention in the education system to enable children to achieve their academic potential.
Journal Article
Mindfulness and its discontents : education, self, and social transformation
\"Mindfulness, a way to alleviate suffering by realizing the impermanence of the self and our interdependence with others, has been severed from its Buddhist roots. In the late-stage-capitalist, neoliberal, solipsistic West, it becomes McMindfulness, a practice that instead shores up the privatized self, and is corporatized and repackaged as a strategy to cope with our stressful society through an emphasis on self-responsibility and self-promotion. Rather than a way to promote human development and social justice, McMindfulness covertly reinforces neoliberalism and capitalism, the very self-promoting systems that worsen our suffering.\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Relationship between the Rumen Microbiome and Residual Feed Intake-Efficiency of Brahman Bulls Stocked on Bermudagrass Pastures
Residual feed intake (RFI) testing has increased selection pressure on biological efficiency in cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the association of the rumen microbiome in inefficient, positive RFI (p-RFI) and efficient, negative RFI (n-RFI) Brahman bulls grazing 'Coastal' bermudagrass [Cynodondactylon (L.) Pers.]under two levels of forage allowance (high and low stocking intensity). Sixteen Brahman bulls were previously fed in confinement for 70 d to determine the RFI phenotype. Bulls were then allotted 60 d stocking on bermudagrass pastures to estimate RFI using the n-alkane technique. At the conclusion of the grazing period, rumen liquid samples were collected from each bull by stomach tube to evaluate the rumen microbiome. Extraction of DNA, amplification of the V4-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and 454 pyrosequencing were performed on each sample. After denoising the sequences, chimera checking, and quality trimming, 4,573 ± 1,287 sequences were generated per sample. Sequences were then assigned taxonomy from the Greengenes database using the RDP classifier. Overall, 67.5 and 22.9% of sequences were classified as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, respectively. Within the phylum Bacteroidetes, Prevotella was the most predominant genus and was observed in greater relative abundance in p-RFI bulls compared with n-RFI bulls (P = 0.01). In contrast, an unidentified Bacteroidales family was greater in relative abundance for n-RFI bulls than p-RFI (26.7 vs. 19.1%; P = 0.03). Ruminococcaceae was the third most abundant family in our samples, but it was not affected by RFI phenotype. No effect of stocking intensity was observed for bacterial taxa, but there was a tendency for alpha diversity and operational taxonomic unit richness to increase with lower stocking intensity. Results suggested the rumen microbiome of p-RFI Brahman bulls has greater levels of Prevotella, but the bacterial community composition was unaffected by stocking intensity.
Journal Article
America's favorite holidays : candid histories
\"Explores how five of America's culturally dominant holidays--Christmas, Valentine's Day, Easter, Halloween, and Thanksgiving--came to be what they are today: combinations of seasonal and religious celebrations heavily influenced by modern popular culture ... The book offers a comprehensive look at the Christian origins of these holidays and also touches on Passover, the religions of ancient Rome, Celtic practices, Mexico's Day of the Dead, and American civil religion\"--Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Neoliberal Hegemonic Masculinity and McMindfulness: The Need for Buddhist Values and Principles in Mindful Masculinity Programs
This paper explores how certain Buddhist-inspired principles such as impermanence of self and compassion for all (metta) and the practice of mindfulness can contribute to challenging ways in which young men adopt troublesome aspects of systemic patriarchy. It (1) briefly examines the problem of systemic patriarchy in its most dominant forms, neoliberal hegemonic masculinity and right-wing racist authoritarian masculinity; (2) critically discusses examples of mindfulness education and counseling programs for young men that have been severed from their Buddhist origins (McMindfulness) that attempt to challenge young men around patriarchal beliefs and thoughts but end up reproducing neoliberal hegemonic masculinity; (3) briefly considers the problem of McMindfulness and its relation to Buddhism and neoliberal hegemonic and mindful masculinity; and (4) offers Buddhist perspectives as part of a counter-view that may serve within programs as an alternative to current forms of patriarchy while including and renewing the aforementioned Buddhist principles.
Journal Article
Religion and popular culture in America
\"Since 2000, Religion and Popular Culture in America has been one [of the] standard books used in teaching this area of study. Modestly updated in 2005, it continues to be taught in colleges, universities and theological schools across the continent. The basic four-part structure of Religion and Popular Culture in America remains sound and is a feature that appeals to many who have taught the volume. Section One, Religion in Popular Culture, examines the way traditional religious symbols, narratives, and forms of religious practice appear in popular culture. Section Two, Popular Culture in Religion, considers how religion takes on and is reshaped by styles and values of popular culture. Section Three, Popular Culture as Religion, explores the ways that aspects of popular culture and their reception might be considered to be forms of religion. Section Four, Religion and Popular Culture in Dialogue, introduces religiously based critiques of popular culture and ways that popular culture articulates common critiques of religion. The third edition maintains the structure and basic length of the current edition and retains Forbes' introductory framework and update versions of key essay. But they replace many of the more dated subjects with new material drawing on more contemporary examples. A concluding essay by Mahan organizes key insights from the essays and relates them to the theories of popular culture illuminated in the introduction\"--Provided by publisher.
Book
Trajectory of post-traumatic stress following traumatic injury: 6-year follow-up
Traumatic injuries affect millions of patients each year, and resulting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly contributes to subsequent impairment.
To map the distinctive long-term trajectories of PTSD responses over 6 years by using latent growth mixture modelling.
Randomly selected injury patients (n = 1084) admitted to four hospitals around Australia were assessed in hospital, and at 3, 12, 24 and 72 months. Lifetime psychiatric history and current PTSD severity and funxctioning were assessed.
Five trajectories of PTSD response were noted across the 6 years: (a) chronic (4%), (b) recovery (6%), (c) worsening/recovery (8%), (d) worsening (10%) and (e) resilient (73%). A poorer trajectory was predicted by female gender, recent life stressors, presence of mild traumatic brain injury and admission to intensive care unit.
These findings demonstrate the long-term PTSD effects that can occur following traumatic injury. The different trajectories highlight that monitoring a subset of patients over time is probably a more accurate means of identifying PTSD rather than relying on factors that can be assessed during hospital admission.
Journal Article
Loss of the knee–ankle coupling and unrecognized elongation in Achilles tendon rupture: effects of differential elongation of the gastrocnemius tendon
Purpose
The biarticular anatomy of the gastrocnemii is an important mechanism of knee–ankle coupling and differential elongation may affect this function leading to weakness of the push-off phase during the gait. Achilles tendon ruptures may cause detachment of the gastrocnemius tendon from the soleus aponeurosis with subsequent differential elongation of the individual subtendons. This study investigated the effects of such detachment by investigating tendon fusion levels of the two muscle groups, and the effect of sequential differential elongation of the gastrocnemius on the Achilles tendon resting angle (ATRA) and to the knee–ankle coupling.
Methods
Conjoined tendon length (CTL) was measured in 23 cadavers. ATRA in knee extension (ATRA 0) and 90-degree knee flexion (ATRA 90) was measured with the gastrocnemius tendons (GT) intact, transected and with the gap reduced in 5-mm increments. In 15 specimens, knee–ankle coupling was examined.
Results
Considerable anatomical variation was present with CTL ranging from 2 to 40% of fibular length. In the intact triceps, surae ATRA 0 differed from ATRA 90 by 6 degrees (
p
< 0.001). Cutting the gastrocnemius caused an immediate separation of the tendon ends by 19 mm. ATRA 0 and ATRA 90 increased 8 and 4 degrees (
p
< 0.001), significantly larger increase for ATRA 0 (
p
< 0.001). Lengthening the gastrocnemius 10 mm altered the coupling point 10 degrees towards dorsiflexion. Transfixing the gastrocnemius at the level of the gap where the Achilles was sectioned, decoupled the knee–ankle coupling in all but two specimens. A moderate correlation between CTL and length of the medial gastrocnemius tendon was found.
Conclusions
A greater relative ATRA 0 than relative ATRA 90 indicates differential elongation of the gastrocnemius. By elongating the gastrocnemius the knee–ankle coupling point shifts dorsally, and 20 mm elongation completely decouples the knee–ankle coupling. Independent lengthening of the gastrocnemius may explain the loss of power experienced by some patients following acute Achilles tendon rupture despite what would appear to be appropriate approximation of the ruptured tendon ends. Recognizing this occurrence is crucial when treating Achilles tendon ruptures and such patients require surgical correction in order to avoid long-term weakness of push-off strength.
Journal Article