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"Forst, Brian"
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Criminologists on terrorism and homeland security
\"This volume presents 19 original essays addressing what is widely regarded as the most serious problem confronting America today and for years to come - terrorism - from the unique perspective of criminology. The chapters collected here address such issues as the prevention of terrorism, the applicability of community policing and routine activities models of crime to the problem of terrorism, how to balance liberty and security, and how to think about and manage the fear of terrorism, as well as the coordination of federal and local efforts to prevent and counter terrorism. Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security will be of interest to anyone concerned about violence prevention in general and terrorism in particular, policing, prosecution, adjudication, sentencing and restorative justice\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Documenting cannabis use in primary care: a descriptive cross-sectional study using electronic medical record data in Alberta, Canada
Objective
Documenting cannabis use is important for patient care, but no formal requirements for consistent reporting exist in primary care. The objective of this study was to understand how cannabis use is documented in primary care electronic medical record (EMR) data.
Results
This was a cross-sectional study using de-identified EMR data from over 398,000 patients and 333 primary care providers in Alberta, Canada. An automated pattern-matching algorithm was developed to identify text and ICD-9 diagnostic codes indicating cannabis use in the EMR. There was a total of 11,724 records indicating cannabis use from 4652 patients, representing approximately 1.2% of the patient sample. Commonly used terms and ICD-9 codes included
cannabis
,
marijuana/marihuana, THC,
304.3 and 305.2. Nabilone was the most frequently prescribed cannabinoid medication. Slightly more males and those with a chronic condition had cannabis use recorded more often. Overall, very few patients have cannabis use recorded in primary care EMR data and this is not captured in a systematic way. We propose several strategies to improve the documentation of cannabis use to facilitate more effective clinical care, research, and surveillance.
Journal Article
Primary care EMR and administrative data linkage in Alberta, Canada: describing the suitability for hypertension surveillance
ObjectiveTo describe the process for linking electronic medical record (EMR) and administrative data in Alberta and examine the advantages and limitations of utilising linked data for hypertension surveillance.MethodsDe-identified EMR data from 323 primary care providers contributing to the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) in Alberta were used. Mapping files from each contributing provider were generated from their EMR to facilitate linkage to administrative data within the provincial health data warehouse. Deterministic linkage was conducted using valid personal healthcare number (PHN) with age and/or sex. Characteristics of patients and providers in the linked cohort were compared with population-level sources. Criteria used to define hypertension in both sources were examined.ResultsData were successfully linked for 6307 hypertensive patients (96.2% of eligible patients) from 49 contributing providers. Non-linkages from invalid PHN (n=246) occurred more for deceased patients and those with fewer primary care encounters, with differences due to type of EMR and patient EMR status. The linked cohort had more patients who were female, >60 years and residing in rural areas compared to the provincial healthcare registry. Family physicians were more often female and medically trained in Canada compared to all physicians in Alberta. Most patients (>97%) had ≥1 record in the registry, pharmacy, emergency/ambulatory care and claims databases; 44.3% had ≥1 record in the hospital discharge database.ConclusionEMR-administrative data linkage has the potential to enhance hypertension surveillance. The current linkage process in Alberta is limited and subject to selection bias. Processes to address these deficiencies are under way.
Journal Article
Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security
This volume presents 19 original essays addressing what is widely regarded as the most serious problem confronting America today and for years to come – terrorism – from the unique perspective of criminology. The chapters collected here address such issues as the prevention of terrorism, the applicability of community policing and routine activities models of crime to the problem of terrorism, how to balance liberty and security, and how to think about and manage the fear of terrorism, as well as the coordination of federal and local efforts to prevent and counter terrorism. Criminologists on Terrorism and Homeland Security will be of interest to anyone concerned about violence prevention in general and terrorism in particular, policing, prosecution, adjudication, sentencing and restorative justice.
eBook
Thinking About James Q. Wilson: Examining the Intellectual Contributions of One of the Greatest Criminal Justice Scholars
Worley interviews Brian Forst is Professor Emeritus of Justice, Law and Criminology at the American University School of Public Affairs. Among other things, Forst talks about James Q. Wilson, a controversial, conservative figure, and co-author of the infamous \"Broken Windows\" theory, how did he know Wilson and his impression of him, and his research project on sentencing.
Journal Article
2 Wrongful Convictions in a World of Miscarriages of Justice
One of the virtues of our system of justice is that it is largely insulated from popular trends in the wider society. Occasionally, however, this insulation interferes with the ability of the system to achieve its goals of justice with effectiveness, efficiency, and celerity. One prominent example is the failure of criminal justice agents to apply important developments in the management of errors and assurance of quality systems-widely used now for decades throughout the public and private sector-to the problem of miscarriages of justice. This oversight is not that alone of criminal justice agents. Criminologists and criminal justice scholars as well are often inclined to restrict their analyses of miscarriages of justice to frameworks that ignore miscarriages other than wrongful convictions. Any comprehensive assessment of miscarriages of justice should also include wrongful police intrusions against the public and failures to bring offenders to justice. Moreover, it should weigh the social costs associated with each type of error and assess criminal justice policies considering all these types of miscarriage of justice and their social harms. Some attempts to reduce wrongful convictions may impose greater harms on society than those associated with the problem itself.
Book Chapter
TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN STANDARDS OF PROOF ON ERRORS OF JUSTICE
This Article explores the effects of standards of proof on verdict error rates, particularly errors related to the identity of the offender. It focuses on the number of offenders set free per innocent person erroneously convicted and the overall error rate. By combining available data on conviction rates with assumptions about the percentage of accused persons who actually committed the crimes, the effects of various procedural changes on errors in ascertaining guilt can be estimated. These include the effect of (1) raising or lowering the standard of proof required for conviction; and (2) the prosecutor's tradeoff between the number and accuracy of convictions. The accuracy of convictions increases as the prosecutor spends more time on each case and seeks fewer sentencing concessions. Effects of other changes also are considered, including the effects of improvements in forensic analysis, the effects of alternative investigative profiling rules on errors in prearrest decision making, and jury size and voting rules. Some interventions shift errors from false acquittals to false convictions or vice versa; others reduce or increase both types of errors.
Journal Article