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"Fowler, Christopher"
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The Basal Pharmacology of Palmitoylethanolamide
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA, N-hexadecanoylethanolamide) is an endogenous compound belonging to the family of N-acylethanolamines. PEA has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and is very well tolerated in humans. In the present article, the basal pharmacology of PEA is reviewed. In terms of its pharmacokinetic properties, most work has been undertaken upon designing formulations for its absorption and upon characterising the enzymes involved in its metabolism, but little is known about its bioavailability, tissue distribution, and excretion pathways. PEA exerts most of its biological effects in the body secondary to the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), but PPAR-α-independent pathways involving other receptors (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), GPR55) have also been identified. Given the potential clinical utility of PEA, not least for the treatment of pain where there is a clear need for new well-tolerated drugs, we conclude that the gaps in our knowledge, in particular those relating to the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound, need to be filled.
Journal Article
Bryant & May : hall of mirrors
\"Hard to believe, but even positively ancient sleuths like Bryant and May of the Peculiar Crimes Unit were young once--or at least younger. Flashback to London 1969: mods and dolly birds, sunburst minidresses--but how long would the party last? After accidentally sinking a barge painted like the Yellow Submarine, Bryant and May are relegated to babysitting one Monty Hatton-Jones, the star prosecution witness in the trial of a disreputable developer whose prefabs are prone to collapse. The job for the demoted detectives? Keep the whistle-blower safe for one weekend. The task proves unexpectedly challenging when their unruly charge insists on attending a party at the vast estate Tavistock Hall\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Bryant & May : the lonely hour
\"When a man is found hanging upside down inside a willow tree on Hampstead Heath, surrounded by a baffling assortment of occult objects, the Peculiar Crimes Unit is called in to investigate. Was this a botched Satanic ritual pulled off by bored teenagers, a gang initiation, or the work of a mastermind with grander intentions? Bryant and May set off for answers and soon discover that London is a city steeped in blood and magic. When another body is pulled from the river in the early morning light, it becomes clear that a killer lurks in the night. To catch him, the PCU switches to graveyard shifts, but the team still comes up short. As they explore a night city where the normal rules do not apply, they're drawn deeper into a case that involves murder, arson, kidnapping, blackmail, loneliness, and bats. May takes a technological approach, while Bryant goes in search of academics and misfits for help, for this is becoming an investigation that reveals impossibilities at every turn. How do you stop a killer who appears not to exist? Luckily, impossibilities are what the Peculiar Crimes Unit does best\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
New Commuting Zone delineation for the U.S. based on 2020 data
This paper documents the creation of new ‘commuting zones’ for the United States based on 2020 geographies and data. Commuting zones originated in the late 1980’s as the result of an effort by the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture to provide a county-based delineation of functional regions that covered the entire U.S. and linked rural areas to their nearest economic center. The commuting zones presented here update the 2010 era definitions. Additionally, this new delineation incorporates measures of quality to facilitate comparison with earlier decades and to account for the fact that the quality of commuting-based delineations may have been substantially affected by changing patterns of work and residence during and after the covid-19 pandemic. The methodology used here seeks to replicate as nearly as possible the method employed in earlier versions of this delineation using hierarchical clustering on a proportional flows matrix generated from county to county commuting flows. The data and all scripts used to generate them and this paper are available at
https://github.com/csfowler/CommutingZones2020.git
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Journal Article
Strange tide
\"In another impossible case for the Peculiar Crimes Unit, a woman is found drowned in the Thames after being tied to a pillar at low water--and only her footprints lead to the spot where she was killed\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Homology of Multi-Parameter Random Simplicial Complexes
We consider a multi-parameter model for randomly constructing simplicial complexes that interpolates between random clique complexes and Linial–Meshulam random k-dimensional complexes. Unlike these models, multi-parameter complexes exhibit nontrivial homology in numerous dimensions simultaneously. We establish upper and lower thresholds for the appearance of nontrivial cohomology in each dimension and characterize the behavior at criticality.
Journal Article
Mars’s induced magnetosphere can degenerate
The interaction between planets and stellar winds can lead to atmospheric loss and is, thus, important for the evolution of planetary atmospheres
1
. The planets in our Solar System typically interact with the solar wind, whose velocity is at a large angle to the embedded stellar magnetic field. For planets without an intrinsic magnetic field, this interaction creates an induced magnetosphere and a bow shock in front of the planet
2
. However, when the angle between the solar wind velocity and the solar wind magnetic field (cone angle) is small, the interaction is very different
3
. Here we show that when the cone angle is small at Mars, the induced magnetosphere degenerates. There is no shock on the dayside, only weak flank shocks. A cross-flow plume appears and the ambipolar field drives planetary ions upstream. Hybrid simulations with a 4° cone angle show agreement with observations by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission
4
and Mars Express
5
. Degenerate, induced magnetospheres are complex and not yet explored objects. It remains to be studied what the secondary effects are on processes like atmospheric loss through ion escape.
When the cone angle between the solar wind velocity and the solar wind magnetic field is small at Mars, the induced magnetosphere degenerates.
Journal Article