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"Fox, Adam"
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Friends with kids : love, happiness, kids pick two
A daring and hilarious ensemble comedy about a close-knit circle of friends whose lives change once they have kids. The last two singles in the group observe the effect that kids have had on their friends' relationships and wonder if there's a better way to make it work. When they decide to have a child together, and date other people, their unconventional 'experiment' leads everyone in the group to question the nature of friendship, family, and, above all, true love.
DVD
Genetic evidence for a fall-spawning group of Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) in the Apalachicola River, Florida, USA
The Gulf sturgeon ( Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi ) is a large, long-lived, anadromous fish inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico. This charismatic fish was hunted to near extinction in the early 1900s. In 1991 the subspecies was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Recovery continues to be challenged by threats such as habitat destruction, fisheries bycatch, and climate change. There are seven known natal rivers. Historically, each river was thought to contain a single, spring-spawning group. Recent studies have discovered several rivers (Suwannee, Choctawhatchee) contain a second, fall-spawning group. This study utilizes genetic techniques to investigate the proposed existence of a fall-spawning group in the Apalachicola River, Florida. Juvenile Gulf sturgeon were sampled between May and July, from 2013 to 2022. Four adults were also captured on the spawning grounds during October of 2022. Samples were genotyped for thirteen microsatellite loci to assess genetic population structure within the Apalachicola River. Analyses detected two distinct genetic groups (F ST = 0.085). Dates of capture, length frequency distributions of juveniles, and genetic assignment of spawning adults allowed us to characterize these as separate spring- and fall-spawning groups. While approximately 90% of juveniles collected were assigned to the spring, only slight differences in genetic diversity were detected between groups. The temperature window for spawning was found to be three weeks shorter on average in the fall than the spring, highlighting the need for additional research into differing environmental or anthropogenic influences on these populations. The discovery of a fall-spawning group of Gulf sturgeon in the Apalachicola River improves our understanding of the representation, redundancy, and resiliency of the species and provides critical information for improved management of this river system.
Journal Article
Immediate Reinforcement Training Has Moderate Effect on Delay Discounting Behavior in Rats: A Systematic Replication
Previous research has shown that extended exposure to delayed reinforcement results in less impulsive choice in a subsequent delay-discounting task. Some work also suggests the opposite effect: extended exposure to immediate reinforcement may result in more impulsive choice behavior in a subsequent delay-discounting task. Understanding the impact that learning histories have on impulsive choice is important and clinically relevant because of the relationship between a strong preference for smaller-sooner over larger-later reinforcement (i.e., impulsive choice) and a myriad of other problematic health behaviors, such as substance misuse. In the present experiment, we exposed 24 rats to an immediate reinforcement intervention and 24 rats to a maturation/handle control group, followed immediately by a delay-discounting task. The procedure was designed as a systematic replication that accounted for several limitations from recent similar work. Results indicated that exposure to immediate reinforcement modestly increased impulsive choice in the delay-discounting task, but the effect was not overwhelming. These findings are consistent with previous work and have implications for understanding how experience-based interventions may affect clinically relevant impulsive choice.
Journal Article
Fatal anaphylaxis: making sure all cases are counted
vibha.sharma@mft.nhs.uk Baseggio Conrado and colleagues note that, although hospital admissions for food induced anaphylaxis increased between 1998 and 2018, the case fatality rate for confirmed food anaphylaxis decreased over this 20 year period, from 0.7% to 0.19%.1 Improved survival might result from better management, but misclassification of deaths should also be considered, especially as fatalities are rare. The cause of fatal anaphylaxis might not be accurately ascertained when the allergen is not on the mandated list of declared allergens or might not have been evaluated after causing a mild reaction.45 Variations in coroners’ practices might lead to allergy focused investigation being neglected. ATF is president of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology and chair of the Health Advisory Board of Allergy UK.
Journal Article
Timing and Intertemporal Choice Behavior in the Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Recently it has been proposed that impairments related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may reflect a more fundamental disruption in time perception. Here, we examined whether in utero exposure to valproic acid (VPA) can generate specific behavioral deficits related to ASD and time perception. Pups from control and VPA groups were tested using fixed-interval (FI) temporal bisection, peak interval, and intertemporal choice tasks. In addition, the rats were assessed on motor function, perseverative and exploratory behavior, anxiety, and memory. The VPA group displayed a leftward shift in timing functions. VPA rats displayed no deficits on the motor and memory tasks, but were significantly different from controls on measures of perseveration and anxiety.
Journal Article
NICE and easy? Ensuring equitable access to NICE-approved treatments in children and young people
[...]NHS England (NHSE) is limiting the number of eligible patients to 600 in the first year (and up to 2000 per annum thereafter).2 Treatments recommended by NICE in its technology appraisal programmes must be funded by the NHS, under the Health and Social Care Act 2012, through what is called the ‘funding directive’.3 Normally, when the funding directive is applied, NHSE has 90 days to make the treatment available. During a debate held in the House of Commons on 30 November 2021, Anne Marie Morris MP, Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Access to Medicines and Medical devices, noted that ‘when drugs are approved, exactly how they are going to be delivered is not approved at the same time … as things stand, it can often take three years and much argument before hubs are established and the funding can then flow.’4 We are concerned as to the disconnect between the public promotion of the treatment following NICE authorisation and ‘on the ground’ reality of delivery, with no clarity around funding mechanisms and no apparent clear accountability for this delivery. Competing interests PJT reports personal fees from Aimmune Therapeutics, DBV Technologies, Allergenis, Aquestive, UK Food Standards Agency and ILSI Europe; grants from National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, UK Medical Research Council, UK Food Standards Agency, End Allergies Together, Jon Moulton Charity Trust, outside the submitted work.
Journal Article
Genetic evidence for a fall-spawning group of Gulf sturgeon
The Gulf sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi) is a large, long-lived, anadromous fish inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico. This charismatic fish was hunted to near extinction in the early 1900s. In 1991 the subspecies was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Recovery continues to be challenged by threats such as habitat destruction, fisheries bycatch, and climate change. There are seven known natal rivers. Historically, each river was thought to contain a single, spring-spawning group. Recent studies have discovered several rivers (Suwannee, Choctawhatchee) contain a second, fall-spawning group. This study utilizes genetic techniques to investigate the proposed existence of a fall-spawning group in the Apalachicola River, Florida. Juvenile Gulf sturgeon were sampled between May and July, from 2013 to 2022. Four adults were also captured on the spawning grounds during October of 2022. Samples were genotyped for thirteen microsatellite loci to assess genetic population structure within the Apalachicola River. Analyses detected two distinct genetic groups (F.sub.ST = 0.085). Dates of capture, length frequency distributions of juveniles, and genetic assignment of spawning adults allowed us to characterize these as separate spring- and fall-spawning groups. While approximately 90% of juveniles collected were assigned to the spring, only slight differences in genetic diversity were detected between groups. The temperature window for spawning was found to be three weeks shorter on average in the fall than the spring, highlighting the need for additional research into differing environmental or anthropogenic influences on these populations. The discovery of a fall-spawning group of Gulf sturgeon in the Apalachicola River improves our understanding of the representation, redundancy, and resiliency of the species and provides critical information for improved management of this river system.
Journal Article
IL-1 Blockade Reduces Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Right Ventricular Failure: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Phase IB/II Pilot Study
Inclusion criteria included group 1 PAH (7) (not associated with connective tissue disease, human immunodeficiency virus, portal hypertension, or schistosomiasis), age >18 years, and symptomatic RV failure (objective findings of RV dysfunction by echocardiography [RV diastolic diameter >4.3 cm, fractional area change <35%, or tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion <1.5 cm] with New York Heart Association class II or III heart failure symptoms) despite optimal PAH therapy. [...]scheduling conflicts prevented two patients from completing baseline testing, and one patient was hospitalized for urosepsis before enrollment. [...]seven patients were enrolled in the study, in which they provided signed consent (approved by the institutional review board) and received anakinra 100 mg subcutaneously daily for 14 days, which is the dose approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Baseline testing before treatment included biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], IL-6, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide [NTproBNP]), quality-of-life questionnaires (Duke Activity Severity Index and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), transthoracic echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing for measurement of peak oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency (Ve:Vco2 slope) (8). In CANTOS (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study), a recently published trial of IL-1 blockade in patients after myocardial infarction, overall rates of composite cardiovascular events were reduced with canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody to IL-1ß (10), especially in those patients who achieved hsCRP levels <2.0 mg/L (11). [...]in addition to being hindered by a small sample size, this study may have been underpowered to detect changes in surrogate markers of improved clinical status (cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters) because of a failure to achieve the desired degree of inflammatory suppression.
Journal Article
Long‐term trends in abundance and recruitment of Shortnose Sturgeon in the Altamaha River, Georgia
Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the population size and annual recruitment of Shortnose Sturgeon Accipenser brevirostrum in the Altamaha River estuary in Georgia, United States, during an 11‐year period. The Shortnose Sturgeon is an endangered fish species that occupies rivers on the east coast of North America. Previous studies have suggested that the Altamaha River supports the largest population of Shortnose Sturgeon in the southern United States; however, the status of the population has not been assessed in 11 years. Methods We used entanglement gears to capture Shortnose Sturgeon in the Altamaha River estuary, marked them, and used an established statistical method (closed‐population capture–mark–recapture models) to annually estimate total population size and age‐1 recruitment from 2012 to 2022. Result We were able to estimate the size of age‐1 cohorts in 7 of the 11 years of data collection. Point estimates of annual age‐1 recruitment varied between 113 and 1021 individuals, and total population size varied between 452 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 116–2277) and 5054 individuals (95% CI: 2155–13,267). Conclusion Recruitment of age‐1 juveniles was variable, suggesting that reproduction success is inconsistent between years in the Altamaha River. The results of this study, in combination with previous work, do not show any clear trends in Altamaha River Shortnose Sturgeon population abundance or recruitment. The population seems to be stable, but in the absence of historical population numbers, it is unclear whether the population should be considered recovered or is stagnated in its recovery. Impact statement Eleven years of data indicate that the Altamaha River population of Shortnose Sturgeon appears stable but reproduction is not successful every year. In the absence of historical data, it is unclear whether the population is recovered or stagnated in its recovery.
Journal Article
Evaluation of minimally invasive metabolomic methods for assessing the health of sturgeons
Almost all species of sturgeon are at risk of extinction throughout their natural range due to a variety of human activities. As a result, there is now a global effort focused on their preservation. For maximum success, sturgeon restoration and reintroduction activities should incorporate information-rich methods for monitoring the health and well-being of sturgeon populations. However, only non-lethal, minimally invasive techniques should be employed due to their status as endangered species. Metabolomics-based monitoring using blood and epidermal mucus has shown considerable potential for application to sensitive or endangered species such as sturgeons. Here, we report the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-detectable serum and epidermal mucous metabolomes of Russian and Siberian sturgeon, with extensive endogenous metabolite assignments. Serum samples were further characterized for higher molecular weight components (e.g., lipoproteins and acute phase proteins) that are closely associated with growth, development, and stress response. Multi- and univariate statistical analyses of these datasets suggest that the Russian sturgeon blood serum metabolome and the Siberian sturgeon epidermal mucous metabolome are notably sex specific. Thus, these datasets provided rich biochemical information useful for improving assessments of both general and sex-specific health, including impacts from environmental stressors (chemical contaminants, temperature extremes, etc.), for wild sturgeon populations.
Journal Article