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"Frances, Diana"
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Prevalence of Antidepressant Prescription or Use in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Depression is common among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and is associated with poor prognosis. Cardiac side effects of older antidepressants were well-known, but newer antidepressants are generally thought of as safe to use in patients with heart disease. The objective was to assess rates of antidepressant use or prescription to patients within a year of an ACS.
PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases searched through May 29, 2009; manual searching of 33 journals from May 2009 to September 2010. Articles in any language were included if they reported point or period prevalence of antidepressant use or prescription in the 12 months prior or subsequent to an ACS for ≥100 patients. Two investigators independently selected studies for inclusion/exclusion and extracted methodological characteristics and outcomes from included studies (study setting, inclusion/exclusion criteria, sample size, prevalence of antidepressant prescription/use, method of assessing antidepressant prescription/use, time period of assessment).
A total of 24 articles were included. The majority were from North America and Europe, and most utilized chart review or self-report to assess antidepressant use or prescription. Although there was substantial heterogeneity in results, overall, rates of antidepressant use or prescription increased from less than 5% prior to 1995 to 10-15% after 2000. In general, studies from North America reported substantially higher rates than studies from Europe, approximately 5% higher among studies that used chart or self-report data.
Antidepressant use or prescription has increased considerably, and by 2005 approximately 10% to 15% of ACS patients were prescribed or using one of these drugs.
Journal Article
Semiotic practices : a conceptual window on the post-prison experience
Challenges faced by ex-prisoners in staying out of jail - analysis of 'culture' to uncover aspects of post-imprisonment experience that might contribute to imprisonment cycles - interviews with released prisoners and post-release support workers - how culture illuminates processes underpinning and constituting the cycle of reimprisonment - culture interpreted as semiotic practices - using semiotic practical lens reveals how processes counteract efforts towards reintegration and reduced reoffending.
Journal Article
C2C—conflict to coexistence: A global approach to manage human–wildlife conflict for coexistence
Human–wildlife conflict (HWC) presents a growing challenge to conservation and development worldwide. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and experts on human–wildlife coexistence strategies have responded to this challenge by developing a holistic, globally applicable approach to HWC management that can be tailored to specific local, regional, or national contexts. Its framework addresses the complexity of essential HWC management and long‐term coexistence strategies and is implemented in a structured yet contextualized step‐by‐step sequence by a team of facilitators and multiple stakeholders. The C2C: Conflict to Coexistence Approach centers on four principles (tolerance is maintained, responsibility is shared, resilience is built, holism is fundamental), four outcomes (wildlife thrives alongside human presence, habitat sufficient to maintain viable wildlife populations, people able and willing to live alongside wildlife, livelihoods/assets secured against presence of wildlife), and six HWC management elements (policy and governance, understanding interactions, prevention, response, mitigation, monitoring) that are to be implemented in an integrated way. It is currently undergoing testing in diverse pilot sites across three continents and demonstrating positive initial results. Here, we share the framework and methodology of the approach and initial results and experiences from these pilot sites. We introduce the C2C:Conflict to Coexistence Approach, with its holistic and integrated framework and globally applicable methodology for the management of human–wildlife conflict (HWC) that can be tailored to specific local, regional, or national contexts. Its framework addresses the complexity of essential HWC management and long‐term coexistence strategies and is implemented in a structured yet contextualized step‐by‐step sequence by a team of process facilitators involving multiple stakeholders. The video summary is uploaded to our website on human‐wildlife conflict, which can be found here: Human Wildlife Conflict
Journal Article
Functional characterisation of the pst1 and pst2 gene clusters in synechocystis sp pcc6803
Cyanobacteria are common components of the bacterioplankton in freshwater environments, where they play a key role as primary producers. Growth is limited by the availability of nutrients, particularly phosphate (Pi), and yet many species persist and flourish in environments with an unpredictable and constantly fluctuating supply of Pi. Genome analysis of the freshwater cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 has identified that the membrane-bound transporter components of its Pho regulon consist of two high affinity (Pi) ABC transporters with multiple associated phosphate binding proteins (PBP), features in contrast to virtually all other known bacteria. Whilst the occurrence of duplicate ABC transporter mechanisms has been widely reported in freshwater cyanobacteria there are still very few reports that demonstrate the functional significance of individual, and apparently redundant, components of these ABC transporter systems. In previous work, disruption of one of the PBPs in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, pstS1 (sll0680) led to an impairment in the expression of specific genes of the Pho regulon during Pi-deplete growth. This phenotype was not observed when the PBP from the second transporter was disrupted suggesting that each transporter could be functionally distinct. In this study 32Pi radiotracer uptake experiments using pst1 and pst2 deletion mutants showed Pst1 acts as a low affinity, high velocity transporter (Ks 3.7 ± 0.7 μM, Vmax 31.18 ± 3.96 fmol cell-1 min-1) and Pst2 a high affinity, low velocity system (Ks 0.07± 0.01 μM, Vmax 0.88 ± 0.11 fmol cell-1 min-1). Analysis of (qPCR) gene expression profiles and alkaline phosphatase activity also revealed how regulation of transporter abundance controls the nature of the Pi stress signal transduced by the SphS-SphR two component system. These Pi ABC transporters thus exhibit key differences in both their kinetic and regulatory properties, revealing a new strategy for the acquisition of phosphate that has potential implications for our understanding of the ecological success of this key microbial group.
Dissertation
Leader roles of chief executive officer-chief nurse officer dyads
The purpose of the current descriptive, quantitative study was to examine the chief nurse officer (CNO) turnover rate related to conflict with his or her respective chief executive officer (CEO). Using Cameron and Quinn’s competing values framework and Graen’s leader–member exchange theory as the primary theoretical constructs, the current study sought to describe patterns found within CEO–CNO dyads in terms of leader roles and dyadic relationships. The Management Survey Assessment Instrument and Graen’s LMX-7 survey were used to determine practiced leader roles and perceived dyadic relationships, respectively. The descriptive statistics mean, mode, and frequency were used to analyze the data. The survey sample consisted of 37 completed dyads representing a distribution of community and academic health care centers across the United States. The survey results identified that clan–clan leader roles were the most practiced by the CEO and CNO of the completed dyads. The majority of individuals responding to the survey described their dyadic relationships as very high or high using the LMX-7 as the measurement tool. Although not all dyads scoring their relationships as very high or high were in complementary or same leader roles, there was a sufficient number within the aforementioned combinations to suggest that further study is warranted to determine if there may exist a correlation between leader roles practiced and the perception of dyadic relationships within the CEO–CNO leader pairing.
Dissertation
The lived experience of adult survivors of childhood cancer
Little is known about the lived experience of adult survivors of childhood cancer. In the mid-1970s, 63% of children diagnosed with cancer survived five years. Today, many children diagnosed with and treated for cancer live to adulthood. Although the number of survivors of childhood cancer is increasing, a review of the literature revealed a paucity of studies that examined the self-perceived experiences of adult survivors. The purpose of this descriptive, phenomenological study was to explore the lived experience of adult survivors of childhood cancer. The study was a qualitative study that examined the lived experience of survivors and the meaning or essences of experiences that occurred. Survivors also shared what they want others to know about their experiences. Twelve participants who met inclusion criteria were interviewed. Each participant in this study was at least 18 years of age, had been diagnosed and treated for cancer before the age of 19, and had not required treatment for his/her primary cancer for at least one full year. Study participation consisted of a one-on-one audio-taped interview. Interview data were transcribed verbatim. Uncovered themes were analyzed using Colazzi's phenomenological technique. Data were coded using the computer analysis program HyperRESEARCH®. Multiple analyses were undertaken to combine, collapse, and extract themes. The result of these analyses was the emergence of four themes. The four themes identified were: (a) there are consequences of having had cancer, (b) uncertainty is ongoing, (c) cancer is a “part of who I am,” and (d) support is valued. The results of the study reflect the lived experience of the young adults survivors who were interviewed for this study and cannot be quantified and/or applied to clinical settings. However, the results may increase awareness in clinicians and other health care professionals about possible physical, psychological, psychosocial, developmental and/or spiritual consequences of having had childhood cancer in adult survivors.
Dissertation
A critical edition of the concert overtures of hector berlioz, with particular reference to the historical and literary background
This thesis is presented in two volumes, the second being an appendix to the first. Volume I contains detailed entries on the compositional history of each of the five overtures, showing which primary source has been chosen as the foundation of each edition. It examines literary and other influences which prevailed in Paris during this period, including that of Berlioz's two teachers; but the main thrust of the historical content lies with each overture. It also takes a close look at an organological issue, involving the trompette a pistons in Paris in the 1820s and 1830s. Volume II presents the five overtures in the manner of a critical edition, complete with full critical apparatus, but without a Foreword per se, since that would constitute a precis of what is found in volume 1.
Dissertation
Women violence and testimony in the works of Zora Neale Hurston
Zora Neale Hurston's fiction critiques cultural responses to the complex race, class, and gender constructions that shaped her own rural community. While a vast amount of Hurston scholarship discusses Hurston's treatment of these issues, this project aims to expand the discussion by reading the autobiographical aspects of Hurston's first two novels, Jonah's Gourd Vine and Their Eyes Were Watching God, and her autobiography, Dust Tracks On A Road as testimonial literature. A biographically based, testimonial reading of Hurston's work addresses her persistent return to the themes of death and silence. Central to the act of trauma testimony is the act of repetitive returns to that which is not fully known. As a product of creativity, and because of its indirectness, testimonial literature epitomizes the paradoxical nature of all testimonial projects: the act of telling or giving testimony is inherently linked to silence around the event(s). Testimony should be read creatively because it is not direct. In fact, it is linked to the silence of not knowing that occurs with traumatic events. In Hurston's case, a testimonial reading of her work addresses her persistent returns to the violence and oppression of black women in her rural community. The works of her contemporaries respond to the political agenda of promoting images, of genteel African American society. Because of the political agenda of the era, women writers were not encouraged to create, as Zora Neale Hurston did, female heroines who left husbands and had control of their own money. Ignoring the mandates of middle-class uplift ideology, Zora Neale Hurston repeatedly produced narratives that discuss, in varying degrees, domestic violence. Her first novel, Jonah's Gourd Vine, introduces readers to domestic violence from the very start. Her most acclaimed novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, presents directly, and indirectly over 14 acts of violence against women, and her autobiography, Dust Tracks On A Road, testifies to her own personal experiences with violence.
Dissertation