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"Frank, Arthur"
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Global use of asbestos - legitimate and illegitimate issues
Background
Exposure to asbestos causes non-malignant and malignant diseases including asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. The modern history of such diseases goes back more than a century.
Main text
While much is known about the ability of asbestos to cause disease, the carcinogenic mechanism is not yet understood. Continuing legitimate scientific questions include such issues as potential differential toxicity and carcinogenicity of different fiber types. Illegitimate issues include the supposed “safe” use of asbestos, and the chrysotile hypothesis.
Conclusion
Asbestos disease issues are highly politicized and vested economic interests perpetuate false issues regarding the hazards of asbestos.
Journal Article
W.C. Fields from sound film and radio comedy to stardom : becoming a cultural icon
W.C. Fields is known as a virtuoso comedian and legendary iconoclast who gave the gift of laughter to multitudes. As the first author to use the newly-opened Fields Papers at the Academy library, Arthur Frank Wertheim illuminates the comedian's arduous ascent to stardom during Hollywood's golden age. The book reveals details of Fields's turbulent private life, from his wife's refusal to divorce, to his estranged son, and to his fleeting relationships with women. Here is a portrait of an aggrieved artist whose emotional anguish found refuge in his poignant comedy about life's frustrations and the human condition. This third volume in Wertheim's trilogy documents Fields's rise to iconic status during the counterculture 1960s, creating a legacy of his comedy for generations to come.
Book
Confronting the Medical Leviathan: Reading a Report from the Front Lines
This essay discusses how two physicians in Britain's National Health Service describe and analyze the conditions of their work: how algorithms and protocols structure the care they can provide and create the dilemmas they and their patients face. In these issues, the NHS is a canary in the mineshaft of contemporary Western health care. NHS practices are understood as how states and state-like entities, Leviathans, seek to render their subjects legible ; in this instance, to make both physicians and patients transparently visible to surveillance and administration by standardizing medical work and patient need. Physicians respond by engaging in workarounds, finding ways to provide care despite systemic restrictions.
Journal Article
Work‑Related Migration to the Alang Ship‑Breaking Industry from Other Parts of India: An Overview of Health‑Related Issues
Background: India has a ship‑breaking yard at Alang in Gujarat. The workers are prone to being exposed to various hazardous chemicals, including asbestos. These workers are often interstate migrants, and there is a chance of them developing diseases caused by asbestos, manifesting decades after exposure. This includes mesothelioma, which is a malignancy caused by asbestos exposure and can manifest much after the cessation of their employment. Objective: In the absence of an operational national database of migrants, it is important to understand the source of migrants to trace future disease occurrence, especially after retiring to their home states. This study aims to find the Indian districts from which workers migrate to work at Alang‑Sosiya ship‑breaking yards. Methods: The current study uses the Right to Information Act, 2005, to find out the districts of residents of migrant workers that came to Alang in 2019 as a representative year. Findings and conclusion: The data point to districts in three states: Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar, and have important policy consequences and epidemiological importance as these can be used to understand the aetiology of asbestos‑related diseases.
Journal Article
Exposure to cosmetic talc and mesothelioma
Aim
Mesothelioma is associated with asbestos exposure. In this case series, we present 166 cases of individuals who had substantial asbestos exposure to cosmetic talc products as well as some who had potential or documented additional exposures to other asbestos-containing products and who subsequently developed mesothelioma.
Methods
Data were gathered for all subjects referred to an occupational and environmental medicine specialist as part of medicolegal review. Years of total cosmetic talcum powder usage was noted as well as the latency from the onset of talcum powder use to the mesothelioma diagnosis. Alternate asbestos exposure in addition to the exposure from cosmetic talc was categorized as none, possible, likely, and definite.
Results
In 122 cases, the only known exposure to asbestos was from cosmetic talc. For 44 cases, potential or documented alternate exposures in addition to the cosmetic talc were described.
Conclusion
Cumulative exposure to asbestos leads to mesothelioma; for individuals with mixed exposures to asbestos, all exposures should be considered. Use of cosmetic talc is often overlooked as a source of asbestos exposure. All individuals with mesothelioma should have a comprehensive history of asbestos exposure, including cosmetic talc exposure.
Journal Article
Efficacy of Combinations of Methoprene and Deltamethrin as Long-Term Commodity Protectants
Wheat, corn, and brown rice were treated with different combinations of a deltamethrin suspension concentrate (SC) formulation and a new emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation, at rates of either 0.5 or 1.0 ppm alone or in combination with 1.25 and 2.5 ppm methoprene (10 treatments in all, including an untreated control). Treated commodities were stored at ambient conditions on the floor of an empty grain bin in Manhattan, KS, USA, in 5-kg lots for individual replicates. The commodities were sampled and bio-assayed every three months for 15 months by exposing 10 mixed-sex parental adults of selected adult stored product insects on 70–80 g of the commodity. For all treatments, there was no regression of declining efficacy with respect to the month. Therefore, the data were combined for analysis. On wheat and brown rice, there was no reproduction of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) in any of the treatments, and there was no weight loss in either commodity that was caused by feeding of the parental adults or developing progeny. There was reproduction of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on wheat but, for several combinations, the EC formulation gave better suppression of progeny compared to the standard SC. However, on brown rice, only the combination of 1.0 ppm deltamethrin EC and 2.5 ppm methoprene was different than other treatments with respect to progeny development, sample weight loss caused by feeding, and weight of the feeding damage itself. Progeny production was correlated with grain damage. No progeny of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) developed on the treated corn, but there was some variation in insect damage, with less damage in those treatments involving the EC formulation. Progeny production of Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) was at the lowest in the combination of 1.0 ppm deltamethrin EC and 2.5 ppm methoprene. The resulting insect damage was the lowest in this combination as well. Results of this study were used by the registrant (Central Life Sciences) in the United States (US) to modify the commercial formulation to replace the deltamethrin SC with the EC, at label rates of either 0.5 ppm EC + 1.25 ppm methoprene, or 1.0 ppm EC + 2.5 ppm methoprene, on wheat, corn, and rice.
Journal Article
The Twin Crises of Principles and Stories
This symposium contribution argues that politicized responses to the COVID-19 pandemic mark the fracturing of the consensus that bioethics has been built upon. This consensus involved the mutual dependence of principles and stories: principles need stories to become applicable in clinical action, and stories need to reflect principles if they are to make generalized claims. Two mid-20th-century theorists, Erving Goffman and Walter Benjamin, each predicted the thinness of appeals to principles and to stories, respectively; their skepticism describes our moment. Anti–public health responses to COVID restrictions show that principles now have radically different meanings within different factional groups, so appealing to them perpetuates divisions. Complementary to that, stories are told more as displays of group membership than as testimony of individual experience. The predictable future is that bioethics controversies will become more fraught.
Journal Article