Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
5,844
result(s) for
"Freeman, E"
Sort by:
Rapidly obtained ecosystem indicators from coral reef soundscapes
Present-day coral reef ecosystem monitoring techniques can be costly, labor-intensive point measurements that can potentially introduce intractable sampling bias and error. Here we report correlations between visually obtained ecological assessment metrics and concurrently recorded aspects of the underwater biological soundscape over coral reefs at 23 sites spanning the Hawaiian Islands archipelago. Sites from the ‘cool tropics’ oceanographic habitat grouped along a principal component defined by an acoustic sliding scale: from protected or more remote sites at which lower frequencies were more dominant, to degraded sites which produced soundscapes dominated by higher frequency sound. Positive correlations between ambient biological sounds below 2 kHz and the density of benthic invertebrates (Pearson’s ρ = 0.61–0.76), their predators (ρ = 0.65−0.8), organism-scale bathymetric complexity (ρ = 0.6–0.62) and the quantity of crustose coralline algae (ρ = 0.6–0.62) suggest a connection between this part of the spectrum, habitat complexity and the density of benthic fauna. A positive correlation was also observed between the daytime soundscape in the 2 to 20 kHz band and the proportion of benthic fleshy macroalgal cover (ρ = 0.63–0.7), an indicator of reef degradation. This study indicates the possibility of rapid, inexpensive and spatially integrative remote sensing of the ecological state of coral reefs. Such quantitative methods could be used to ecologically assess vast areas of reef habitat autonomously in near real-time and could be important for remote in situ detection and characterization of subtle but significant ecological changes brought about by climate change and other more localized anthropogenic impacts.
Journal Article
Global resource shortages during COVID-19: Bad news for low-income countries
About the Authors: Devon E. McMahon Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ORCID logo http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3649-9208 Gregory A. Peters Affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ORCID logo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-9985 Louise C. Ivers Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America ORCID logo http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-9230 Esther E. Freeman * E-mail: efreeman@mgh.harvard.edu Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Medical Practice and Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, United States of America ORCID logo http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7751-9466 Citation: McMahon DE, Peters GA, Ivers LC, Freeman EE (2020) Global resource shortages during COVID-19: Bad news for low-income countries. Hospitals in low-income countries rely on the same supply chains as hospitals in wealthy countries to import medical supplies but have significantly less bargaining power to secure resources [6]. [...]resource grabs by high-income countries will likely have devastating effects on low-income countries as COVID-19 continues to spread globally [6, 7]. Strengthening Health Systems While Responding to a Health Crisis: Lessons Learned by a Nongovernmental Organization During the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Sierra Leone.
Journal Article
Body Mass Index, Diabetes and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Risk: The Liver Cancer Pooling Project and Meta-analysis
ObjectiveObesity and diabetes are associated with an increased liver cancer risk. However, most studies have examined all primary liver cancers or hepatocellular carcinoma, with few studies evaluating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the second most common type of liver cancer. Thus, we examined the association between obesity and diabetes and ICC risk in a pooled analysis and conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of the literature.DesignFor the pooled analysis, we utilized the Liver Cancer Pooling Project, a consortium of 13 US-based, prospective cohort studies with data from 1,541,143 individuals (ICC cases n = 414). In our systematic review, we identified 14 additional studies. We then conducted a meta-analysis, combining the results from LCPP with results from the 5 prospective studies identified through September 2017.ResultsIn the LCPP, obesity and diabetes were associated with a 62% [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.62, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.24–2.12] and an 81% (HR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.33–2.46) increased ICC risk, respectively. In the meta-analysis of prospectively ascertained cohorts and nested case-control studies, obesity was associated with a 49% increased ICC risk [Relative Risk (RR) = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.32–1.70; n = 4 studies; I2 = 0%]. Diabetes was associated with a 53% increased ICC risk (RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.31–1.78; n = 6 studies). While we noted heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 67%) for diabetes, results were consistent in subgroup analyses. Results from hospital-based case–control studies (n = 9) were mostly consistent, but these studies are potentially subject to reverse causation.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that obesity and diabetes are associated with increased ICC risk, highlighting similar etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. However, additional prospective studies are needed to verify these associations.
Journal Article
Astrotwins : project rescue
\"Mark Kelly and his twin brother are back for more outer space adventure, this time fixing up an abandoned Apollo command module and taking off to rescue a Russian cosmonaut who is stranded in space.\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Invited Perspective: Pesticide Adjuvants and Inert Ingredients — A Missing Piece of the Puzzle
Pesticides encompass a wide variety of chemicals. The active ingredients in pesticides are designed to kill or repel pests, including invasive and unwanted plants, insects, fungi, rodents, and nematodes. Human exposure is widespread and not limited to those who apply pesticides themselves, making the potential health effects of these chemicals an important public health concern. In the United States, it is estimated that >90% of the population has detectable concentrations of pesticide biomarkers in their blood or urine. Despite the ubiquity of these chemicals, the assessment of pesticide exposure is particularly challenging owing to often intermittent exposures, the short half-lives of most pesticides in use today, and the fact that even occupationally exposed workers may not know what pesticides they are using. Although a recent literature review reported >1,250 articles published in the previous 25 y that evaluated pesticides and chronic disease effects, many studies were limited to crude estimates of exposure, focusing on broad classifications of \"pesticides.\"
Journal Article
Astrotwins : project blastoff
\"Young Mark Kelly and his brother and friends decide to build a rocket over the summer when their constant bickering starts to annoy their grandfather in this middle-grade novel based on the NASA astronauts' real childhoods\"-- Provided by publisher.
BOOK
Organophosphate insecticide use and cancer incidence among spouses of pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study
ObjectivesOrganophosphates (OPs) are among the most commonly used insecticides. OPs have been linked to cancer risk in some epidemiological studies, which have been largely conducted in predominantly male populations. We evaluated personal use of specific OPs and cancer incidence among female spouses of pesticide applicators in the prospective Agricultural Health Study cohort.MethodsAt enrolment (1993–1997), spouses provided information about ever use of specific pesticides, including 10 OPs, demographic information, reproductive health history and other potential confounders. We used Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs for all cancers diagnosed through 2010 for North Carolina and through 2011 for Iowa.ResultsAmong 30 003 women, 25.9% reported OP use, and 718 OP-exposed women were diagnosed with cancer during the follow-up period. Any OP use was associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer (RR=1.20, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.43). Malathion, the most commonly reported OP, was associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer (RR=2.04, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.63) and decreased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (RR=0.64, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.99). Diazinon use was associated with ovarian cancer (RR=1.87, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.43).ConclusionsWe observed increased risk with OP use for several hormonally-related cancers, including breast, thyroid and ovary, suggesting potential for hormonally-mediated effects. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of OP use and cancer risk among women, and thus demonstrates a need for further evaluation.
Journal Article