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The Endocrine and Body Composition Responses to Accentuated Eccentric Loading Performed in Cluster Sets During a Strength–Endurance Training Block
This study investigated the endocrine responses to accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) paired with cluster sets (CSs) versus traditional training (TRAD). Seventeen recreationally active subjects (male = 11, females = 6, age = 23.18 ± 4.15 yrs, height = 1.72 ± 0.1 m, body mass = 81.29 ± 22.18 kg, back squat-to-body mass ratio = 1.55 ± 0.33, and bench press-to-body mass ratio = 1.06 ± 0.28) were randomly allocated into AEL and TRAD groups and trained for 4 weeks. The training was performed during a strength–endurance block with the target load consisting of three sets of 10 repetitions. The AEL group performed three sets of 10 for the squat and bench press using AEL every other repetition (5 AEL repetitions per set). In this protocol, CSs were also performed as one AEL repetition plus one traditional repetition followed by 15 s rest. Resistance training was performed three days a week, whilst sprint and agility training were performed two days a week. Testosterone (T), cortisol (C), creatinine (CREA), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed pre- and post-test. With a series of 2 × 2 repeated-measure ANOVA, the differences in the means between the two training methods and across time were compared. No statistically significant differences in resting blood variables or body composition were observed between the AEL and TRAD protocols after 4 weeks of training. Whilst the results marginally favored the use of AEL, these results did not support significant improvements in body composition or hormonal responses.
Journal Article
Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams—Part I: Testing
An efficient structural system for tall buildings to resist earthquake loads consists of reinforced concrete shear walls connected by coupling beams. Construction of coupling beams that satisfy the strength and detailing requirements set forth in ACI 318-05 for diagonally reinforced coupling beams is cumbersome and costly; therefore, ACI 318-08 provides a new detailing option that aims to improve the constructability while maintaining adequate strength and ductility. Eight 1/2-scale specimens were tested to compare the performance of beams constructed using new and old detailing options, to compare beams with diagonal reinforcement to beams with straight bars at higher aspect ratios, and to assess the impact of reinforced and post-tensioned slabs. Test results indicate that the new detailing approach provides equal, if not improved, behavior as compared to the alternative detailing approach and that, including a slab, only had a modest impact on strength, stiffness, ductility, and damage.
Journal Article
Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams—Part II: Modeling
Reinforced concrete shear walls connected by coupling beams form an efficient structural system for tall buildings to resist earthquake loads. Understanding the load-deformation characteristics of coupling beams are essential in modeling the overall system responses of coupled walls to seismic loading. Using new test data presented in a companion paper, modeling studies are performed to evaluate the effectiveness of current modeling approaches with respect to key parameters, including effective elastic stiffness, deformation capacity, and residual strength. Modeling approaches commonly employed in engineering practice are investigated and are shown to reasonably capture measured force-versus-deformation behavior. The impact of the test specimen scale factor is reviewed and shown to be potentially significant on the member's effective bending stiffness and deformation capacity. The modeling studies are expanded to include beam aspect ratios not considered in the test program to develop modeling parameters for use in seismic rehabilitation and performance-based seismic design.
Journal Article
Injecting Highly Viscous Drugs
Although syringe plunger friction and tissue resistance at the needle tip will add to syringe plunger force, viscous resistance within the needle is particularly relevant as larger molecules and higher mg/mL concentrations result in higher viscosity formulations. Needle gauge is key; although a finer needle means easier and less painful insertion, it also has a smaller bore.
Journal Article
Fiber type composition of four hindlimb muscles of adult Fisher 344 rats
The limb and trunk muscles of adult rats express four myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, one slow (MHCI) and three fast (MHCIIa, MHCIId, and MHCIIb). The distribution of these isoforms correlates with fiber types delineated using myofibrillar actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase (mATPase) histochemistry. For example, type I fibers express MHCI and fiber types IIA, IID, and IIB express MHCIIa, MHCIId, and MHC-IIb, respectively. Fibers containing only one MHC isoform have been termed \"pure\" fibers. Recent evidence suggests that a population of \"hybrid\" fibers exist in rat skeletal muscle which contain two MHC isoforms. The purpose of the present investigation was to document the entire range of histochemically defined \"pure\" and \"hybrid\" fiber types in untreated muscles of the young adult Fisher 344 rat hindlimb. The selected hindlimb muscles (soleus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, and gastrocnemius muscles) were removed from 12 male rats and analyzed for muscle fiber type distribution, cross-sectional area, and MHC content. Care was taken to delineate eight fiber types (I, IC, IIC, IIA, IIAD, IID, IIDB, and IIB) using refined histochemical techniques. Hybrid fibers were found to make up a considerable portion of the muscles examined (a range of 8.8-17.8% of the total). The deep red portion of the gastrocnemius muscle contained the largest number of hybrid fibers, most of which were the fast types IIAD (8.5+/-2.8%) and IIDB (5.2+/-2.3%). In conclusion, hybrid fibers make up a considerable portion of normal rat limb musculature and are an important population that should not be ignored.
Journal Article
Moduli Spaces of Rational Graphically Stable Curves
We use a graph to define a new stability condition for the algebraic and tropical moduli spaces of rational curves. Tropically, we characterize when the moduli space has the structure of a balanced fan by proving a combinatorial bijection between graphically stable tropical curves and chains of flats of a graphic matroid. Algebraically, we characterize when the tropical compactification of the compact moduli space agrees with the theory of geometric tropicalization. Both characterization results occur only when the graph is complete multipartite.
Dissertation
Distributors express concern over gaps in funding
ITV Studios managing director, global distribution, Ruth Berry notes: “Over the past five years, producers and commissioning broadcasters have looked to distributors to fund double-digit percentage growth in drama production budgets. The slowdown in demand from the US market and global SVoDs hasn’t helped, Pedersen says, as major media companies shift their focus from growth to profit: “We’re seeing situations where some shows aren’t getting financed because US uncertainty prevents distributors from being willing to plug the gap.” Digital growth Distributors across the board highlight some positive gains in the digital arena, with SVoD services becoming increasingly flexible with their rights negotiations and the rampant growth of the FAST business creating an important alternative revenue stream for distributors. The data suggests larger distributors, with extensive library titles and the resources and infrastructure to launch their own direct-to-consumer channels, are seeing the benefits more acutely than their peers.
Trade Publication Article