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"Fry, Paul"
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Theory of literature
\"Bringing his perennially popular course to the page, Yale University Professor Paul H. Fry offers in this welcome book a guided tour of the main trends in twentieth-century literary theory. At the core of the book's discussion is a series of underlying questions: What is literature, how is it produced, how can it be understood, and what is its purpose? Fry engages with the major themes and strands in twentieth-century literary theory, among them hermeneutics, modes of formalism, semiotics and Structuralism, deconstruction, psychoanalytic approaches, Marxist and historicist approaches, theories of social identity, Neo-pragmatism and theory. By incorporating philosophical and social perspectives to connect these many trends, the author offers readers a coherent overall context for a deeper and richer reading of literature\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Broadband, wide-angle antireflection in GaAs through surface nano-structuring for solar cell applications
We demonstrate broadband and wide-angle antireflective surface nanostructuring in GaAs semiconductors using variable dose electron-beam lithography (EBL). Various designed structures are written with EBL on a positive EB-resist coated GaAs and developed followed by shallow inductively coupled plasma etching. An optimized nanostructured surface shows a reduced surface reflectivity down to less than 2.5% in the visible range of 450–700 nm and an average reflectance of less than 4% over a broad near-infrared wavelength range from 900–1400 nm. The results are obtained over a wide incidence angle of 33.3°. This study shows the potential for anti-reflective structures using a simpler reverse EBL process which can provide optical absorption or extraction efficiency enhancement in semiconductors relevant to improved performance in solar photovoltaics or light-emitting diodes.
Journal Article
She, We, and Ramon Fernandez in “The Idea of Order at Key West”
Ariadne with her thread is a hermeneutic muse, the spirit that traces meaning to its source (“It was the spirit that we sought,” after all, some kind of spirit), and “we” in the poem learn finally that what we want is the “ghostlier demarcations, keener sounds” of innuendo: more ectoplasmically written or depicted, sounded more subtly than the musical octave or the ocean allows.1 Having been deserted by Theseus, who turned “Toward the town,” Ariadne in some myths was rescued from solitude by Dionysus: inspiration championed by frenzy. [...]there are many Stevens poems that work that way, that advocate a function for poetry consistent with an emphasis on its social dynamic, though for the most part not at all intent on designating specific addressees. [...]he is not in a position to tell the speaker how it is that this local harbor scene, in a surprising turn to the pictorial, composes itself as an abstract painting—it must be abstract—with its bright angled lines arranging dark spaces, perhaps in the manner of Paul Klee. Consensus has it that in a developing poetic argument the female singer whose voice is at once mimetic and solipsistic is superseded by a conversational male celebration of the “maker,” whose “rage for order” composes something nonmimetic but essential, an authentic abstraction of reality.
Journal Article
The Draughtsman’s Contract and the Crisis of Structuralism
Peter Greenaway’s cinema questions the numerical, verbal and pictorial determinations of sets and systems. Two or one, even or odd? (Twelve drawings or ‒ thirteen?) Is two, as a stabilization of symmetry, undermined by decompositions in time and space that defy any possible reduction to sub-binaries? This latter question is reserved mainly for A Zed and Two Noughts (1985), though it is anticipated in Vertical Features Remake (1978) and especially The Draughtsman’s Contract (1982), which I will treat as a response to both questions at once. The plot of this film, with its riderless horses and lack of an heir, raises the question Lévi-Strauss raised in the most influential exposition of structuralism we have, The Structural Study of Myth. Two or one? Are we born of parents or are we autochthonous? Lévi-Strauss’s reading of the Oedipus myth is an allegory of structuralism itself: are intelligible signs born from the differentiation of two other signs (binaries) or do they arise parthenogenetically, as “natural signs,” from the autonomous self-identity of what they represent? On the other hand, in the dissolution of identity we see in the body of Mr. Herbert raised from the moat, are there appearances that dissolve identity altogether? The paper will show how the overdetermined frame and its symmetries (the stationary camera, the draughtsman’s viewfinder and grid, the “framing” of Mr. Neville, etc.) are confirmed and disconfirmed by invasions of the frame, and the ways in which drawing, painting, and landscaping both “fix on paper” and disrupt the offspring or sterility of twinning.
Journal Article
Theory of Literature
Bringing his perennially popular course to the page, Yale University Professor Paul H. Fry offers in this welcome book a guided tour of the main trends in twentieth-century literary theory. At the core of the book's discussion is a series of underlying questions: What is literature, how is it produced, how can it be understood, and what is its purpose?
Fry engages with the major themes and strands in twentieth-century literary theory, among them the hermeneutic circle, New Criticism, structuralism, linguistics and literature, Freud and fiction, Jacques Lacan's theories, the postmodern psyche, the political unconscious, New Historicism, the classical feminist tradition, African American criticism, queer theory, and gender performativity. By incorporating philosophical and social perspectives to connect these many trends, the author offers readers a coherent overall context for a deeper and richer reading of literature.
eBook
Wordsworth and the Poetry of What We Are
In this original book, distinguished literary scholar and critic Paul H. Fry sharply revises accepted views of Wordsworth's motives and messages as a poet. Where others have oriented Wordsworth toward ideas of transcendence, nature worship, or-more recently-political repression, Fry redirects the poems and offers a strikingly revisionary reading.Fry argues that underlying the rhetoric of transcendence or the love of nature in Wordsworth's poetry is a more fundamental and original insight: the poet is most astonished not that the world he experiences has any particular qualities or significance, but rather that it simply exists. He recognizes \"our widest commonality\" in the simple fact that \"we are\" in common with all other things (human and nonhuman) that are. Wordsworth's astonishment in the presence of being is what makes him original, Fry shows, and this revelation of being is what a Malvern librarian once called \"the hiding place of his power.\"
eBook
Time to Retire? Coleridge and Wordsworth Go to Work
First there was the militia escapade, then Pantisocracy and his marriage with gentle Sara, toward whom he felt a strong physical attraction and with whom at least at first he shared an easy rapport. The themes are familiar: the rise of new skills and professions under the division of labor celebrated by Adam Smith; the doomed resistance to the commodification of the products of one's labor under capitalist pressures; the securing of the scribal professions, including poetry, as masculine preserves in the face of the rise of the novel and the success of women in that mode; the rethinking of vocation as career against the backdrop of widening print cultures and the drift of the public sphere away from the coffee house and toward the tea table. [...]with the city-spire or city-as/raVation of Bristol in view, Coleridge informs the dell, the cottage, and the local mountain that it's time to go. [...]the conversation he conducts in this longest of all conversation poems, The Prelude, takes place at long range, and Coleridge's remoteness, with his continued silence about just what Wordsworth is supposed to say in The Recluse, occasions a false note from time to time in Wordsworth's intended genial tone, as in the nervously patronizing fiat at the end of Book II: \"Healfli and the quiet of a healthful mind/ Attend thee\" (Ibid II, 480-81; italics mine).
Journal Article
William Empson
William Empson: Prophet Against Sacrifice provides the most coherent account of Empson's diverse career to date. While exploring the richness of Empson's comic genius, Paul H. Fry serves to discredit the appropriation of his name in recent polemic by the conflicting parties of deconstruction and politicized cultural criticism. He argues that Empson is a larger, more important figure than the orthodox in either camp can acknowledge, deserving to be considered alongside such versatile critics as Walter Benjamin, Kenneth Burke and Roland Barthes.
eBook