Explore the vast range of titles available.

Let μ ∞ ⊆ C be the collection of roots of unity and C n : = { ( s 1 , … , s n ) ∈ μ ∞ n : s i ≠ s j for any 1 ≤ i < j ≤ n } . Two elements ( s 1 , … , s n ) and ( t 1 , … , t n ) of C n are said to be projectively equivalent if there exists γ ∈ P G L ( 2 , C ) such that γ ( s i ) = t i for any 1 ≤ i ≤ n . In this article, we will give a complete classification for the projectively equivalent pairs. As a consequence, we will show that the maximal length for the nontrivial projectively equivalent pairs is 14.

The development and utilization of bulk resources provide the basic material needs for industrial systems. However, most current resource utilization patterns are unsustainable, with low efficiencies and high carbon emissions. Here, we report a quantitative tool for resource-based industries to facilitate sustainable and low-carbon transitions within the regional economy. To evaluate the effectiveness of this tool, the saline Qinghai Lake region was chosen as a case study. After optimizing the industrial structure, the benefits of economic output, resource efficiency, energy consumption, solid waste reduction, and carbon emission reduction can be obtained. The scenario analyses exhibit disparities in different transition paths, where the carbon mitigation, economic output, and resource efficiency that benefit from optimal development paths are significantly better than those of the traditional path, indicating the urgency of adopting cleaner technology and industrial symbiosis for regional industries. This study reports a quantitative tool for resource-based industries aimed at supporting sustainable, low-carbon regional transitions. The results provide optimal transition paths over traditional methods, highlighting the need for cleaner technology and industrial symbiosis.

How future multiple tropical cyclone events (MTCEs) could change is crucial for effective risk management and ensuring human safety, however, it remains unclear. This study projects changes in MTCEs by 2050 in the major basins of the Northern Hemisphere using high‐resolution climate models. Results show a significant increase in the frequency and duration of MTCEs over the North Atlantic (NA), a notable decrease over the western North Pacific (WNP), and little change over the eastern North Pacific (ENP). The increase in MTCEs over the NA is concentrated in August–September, while the decrease over the WNP occurs in most months. In contrast, the ENP exhibits large yet insignificant seasonal variation, suggesting considerable uncertainty in this basin. Further analysis shows that mid‐level vertical motion dominates the MTCE changes over the WNP, while vertical wind shear contributes the most to the NA, which may be linked to future changes in tropical convection. Plain Language Summary Multiple tropical cyclone (TC) events (MTCEs), that is two or more TCs simultaneously occurring in the same basin, pose great risks to human society. This study projects future changes in the MTCEs by 2050, showing a significant increase over the North Atlantic (NA) while a robust reduction over the western North Pacific (WNP). The future MTCEs over the eastern North Pacific (ENP) show little change relative to the present climate. The increase of MTCEs over the NA is concentrated in August–September, while the decrease over the WNP occurs nearly from April to November. In contrast, there is large yet insignificant seasonal variation over the ENP, which could lead to little change in annual MTCEs. Furthermore, these changes are primarily attributed to the changes in local large‐scale dynamic conditions associated with tropical convection in future decades. Key Points The projection of future multiple tropical cyclone events (MTCEs) shows a decline in the western North Pacific (WNP) but a significant increase in the North Atlantic (NA) The mid‐level vertical motion dominates the MTCE changes over the WNP, while vertical wind shear is important for the NA Future monthly MTCEs show large yet insignificant seasonal variation over the eastern North Pacific, causing little trend in annual MTCEs

Spatial transcriptomics technologies developed in recent years can provide various information including tissue heterogeneity, which is fundamental in biological and medical research, and have been making significant breakthroughs. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) cannot provide spatial information, while spatial transcriptomics technologies allow gene expression information to be obtained from intact tissue sections in the original physiological context at a spatial resolution. Various biological insights can be generated into tissue architecture and further the elucidation of the interaction between cells and the microenvironment. Thus, we can gain a general understanding of histogenesis processes and disease pathogenesis, etc. Furthermore, in silico methods involving the widely distributed R and Python packages for data analysis play essential roles in deriving indispensable bioinformation and eliminating technological limitations. In this review, we summarize available technologies of spatial transcriptomics, probe into several applications, discuss the computational strategies and raise future perspectives, highlighting the developmental potential.

Chrysomycin A (Chr-A), an antibiotic from Streptomyces, is reported to have anti-tumor and anti-tuberculous activities, but its anti-glioblastoma activity and possible mechanism are not clear. Therefore, the current study was to investigate the mechanism of Chr-A against glioblastoma using U251 and U87-MG human cells. CCK8 assays, EdU-DNA synthesis assays and LDH assays were carried out to detect cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity of U251 and U87-MG cells, respectively. Transwell assays were performed to detect the invasion and migration abilities of glioblastoma cells. Western blot was used to validate the potential proteins. Chr-A treatment significantly inhibited the growth of glioblastoma cells and weakened the ability of cell migration and invasion by down regulating the expression of slug, MMP2 and MMP9. Furthermore, Chr-A also down regulated Akt, p-Akt, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β and their downstream proteins, such as β-catenin and c-Myc in human glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, Chr-A may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells through the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a major type of primary brain tumor without ideal prognosis and it is therefore necessary to develop a novel compound possessing therapeutic effects. Chrysomycin A (Chr-A) has been reported to inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of U251 and U87-MG cells through the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway, but the mechanism of Chr-A against glioblastoma in vivo and whether Chr-A modulates the apoptosis of neuroglioma cells is unclear. The present study aims to elucidate the potential of Chr-A against glioblastoma in vivo and how Chr-A modulates the apoptosis of neuroglioma cells. Briefly, the anti-glioblastoma activity was assessed in human glioma U87 xenografted hairless mice. Chr-A-related targets were identified via RNA-sequencing. Apoptotic ratio and caspase 3/7 activity of U251 and U87-MG cells were assayed via flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related proteins and possible molecular mechanisms were validated via Western blotting. The results showed that Chr-A treatment significantly inhibits glioblastoma progression in xenografted hairless mice, and enrichment analysis suggested that apoptosis, PI3K-Akt and Wnt signaling pathways were involved in the possible mechanisms. Chr-A increased the apoptotic ratio and the activity of caspase 3/7 in U251 and U87-MG cells. Western blotting revealed that Chr-A disturbed the balance between Bax and Bcl-2, activating a caspase cascade reaction and downregulating the expression of p-Akt and p-GSK-3β, suggesting that Chr-A may contribute to glioblastoma regression modulating in the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway to promote apoptosis of neuroglioma cells in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, Chr-A may hold therapeutic promise for glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma represents the predominant and a highly aggressive primary neoplasm of the central nervous system that has an abnormal metabolism. Our previous study showed that chrysomycin A (Chr-A) curbed glioblastoma progression in vitro and in vivo. However, whether Chr-A could inhibit orthotopic glioblastoma and how it reshapes metabolism are still unclear. In this study, Chr-A markedly suppressed the development of intracranial U87 gliomas. The results from airflow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) indicated that Chr-A improved the abnormal metabolism of mice with glioblastoma. Key enzymes including glutaminase (GLS), glutamate dehydrogenases 1 (GDH1), hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were regulated by Chr-A. Chr-A further altered the level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), thus causing oxidative stress with the downregulation of Nrf-2 to inhibit glioblastoma. Our study offers a novel perspective for comprehending the anti-glioma mechanism of Chr-A, highlighting its potential as a promising chemotherapeutic agent for glioblastoma.

Extracting buildings from very high resolution (VHR) images has attracted much attention but is still challenging due to their large varieties in appearance and scale. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown effective and superior performance in automatically learning high-level and discriminative features in extracting buildings. However, the fixed receptive fields make conventional CNNs insufficient to tolerate large scale changes. Multiscale CNN (MCNN) is a promising structure to meet this challenge. Unfortunately, the multiscale features extracted by MCNN are always stacked and fed into one classifier, which make it difficult to recognize objects with different scales. Besides, the repeated sub-sampling processes lead to a blurred boundary of the extracted features. In this study, we proposed a novel parallel support vector mechanism (SVM)-based fusion strategy to take full use of deep features at different scales as extracted by the MCNN structure. We firstly designed a MCNN structure with different sizes of input patches and kernels, to learn multiscale deep features. After that, features at different scales were individually fed into different support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to produce rule images for pre-classification. A decision fusion strategy is then applied on the pre-classification results based on another SVM classifier. Finally, superpixels are applied to refine the boundary of the fused results using region-based maximum voting. For performance evaluation, the well-known International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Potsdam dataset was used in comparison with several state-of-the-art algorithms. Experimental results have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed methodology in extracting complex buildings in urban districts.

Endometriosis is a multifactorial disease associated with inflammation. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, anti-oxidative, and immunomodulatory effects. Whether vitamin D levels are correlated with endometriosis is a subject of ongoing debate. This study aimed to examine the association between endometriosis and serum vitamin D levels. From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this study examined the cross-sectional data of American women aged 20–54 years from 2001 to 2006. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess correlations. A total of 3,232 women were included in this study. The multiple linear regression model demonstrated a negative correlation between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) concentration and the risk of endometriosis after controlling for all confounding variables. The odds ratio was 0.73 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.54–0.97 in the adequate vitamin D level group compared with the insufficient vitamin D level group. Our results showed that endometriosis was inversely correlated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. Further research is needed to establish a causal relationship and determine the potential benefits of maintaining sufficient vitamin D levels for endometriosis prevention.

In this work, a spherical Sn-MOF precursor was synthesized through hydrothermal method using 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) as the organic ligand. Sn-MOF-200, Sn-MOF-250, and Sn-MOF-300 were obtained at different annealing temperatures. Among them, the Sn-MOF-250 composite obtained by annealing at 250 ℃ was stable in structure, and the specific surface area is 118.8 m2 g−1. The specific capacity of Sn-MOF-250 can be maintained up to 846.6 mA h g−1 after 110 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1 when used as the anode material of lithium-ion battery. The excellent cycling performance of Sn-MOF-250 is due to the special framework structure of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). After combining with Sn ion, the metal–organic coordination compound formed can greatly improve the diffusion and transport efficiency of lithium ion. This facile synthesis strategy has a certain application prospect in the development of high-performance lithium-ion battery anode materials.