Explore the vast range of titles available.

Multimetallic nanostructures can be synthesized by integrating up to seven or eight metallic elements into a single nanoparticle, which represent a great advance in developing complex multicomponent nanoparticle libraries. Contrary, organic micro- and nanoparticles beyond three π-conjugated components have not been explored because of the diversity and structural complexity of molecular assemblies. Here, we report a library of microparticles composed of an arbitrary combination of four luminescent organic semiconductors. We demonstrate that the composition and emission color of each domain as well as its spatial distribution can be rationally modulated. Unary, binary, ternary, and quaternary microparticles are thus realized in a predictable manner based on the miscibility of the components, resulting in mixed-composition phases or alloyed or phase separated heterostructures. This work reports a simple yet available synthetic methodology for rational modulation of organic multicomponent microparticles with complex architectures, which can be used to direct the design of functional microparticles. The synthesis of alloyed complex multicomponent micro- and nanoparticles composed of organic molecules is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate a library of mixed composition organic microparticles in comprising up to four compounds in their structure.

Optical activity, also called circular birefringence, is known for two hundred years, but its applications for topological photonics remain unexplored. Unlike the Faraday effect, the optical activity provokes rotation of the linear polarization of light without magnetic effects, thus preserving the time-reversal symmetry. In this work, we report a direct measurement of the Berry curvature and quantum metric of the photonic modes of a planar cavity, containing a birefringent organic microcrystal (perylene) and exhibiting emergent optical activity. This experiment, performed at room temperature and at visible wavelength, establishes the potential of organic materials for implementing non-magnetic and low-cost topological photonic devices. Most work in topological photonics is performed in periodically structured systems. Here, the authors directly measure the nontrivial Berry curvature of the photonic modes of a birefringent continuous organic system exhibiting emergent optical activity.

Integrating electronics and photonics is critically important for the realization of high-density and high-speed optoelectronic circuits. However, it remains challenging to achieve this target due to the difficulty of merging many different areas of science and technology. Here, we show an organic integrated optoelectronic device, namely, organic field-effect optical waveguide, integrating field-effect transistor and optical waveguide together. In such device, the propagation of optical waveguide in the active organic semiconductor can be tuned by the third terminal—the gate electrode of transistor, giving a controllable modulation depth as high as 70% and 50% in parallel and perpendicular directions of charge transport versus optical waveguide, respectively. Also, the optical waveguide with different directions can turn the field-effect of the device with the photodependence ratio up to 14800. The successful integration of active field-effect transistor with semiconductor waveguide modulator expands opportunities for creating scalable integration of electronics and photonics in a chip. Despite recent advances in organic optoelectronics development, integration of electronics and photonics in a chip remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate organic field-effect optical waveguides that control propagating photons by the electric field produced in an organic transistor.

Circularly polarized (CP) electroluminescence from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has aroused considerable attention for their potential in future display and photonic technologies. The development of CP-OLEDs relies largely on chiral-emitters, which not only remain rare owing to difficulties in design and synthesis but also limit the performance of electroluminescence. When the polarization (pseudospin) degrees of freedom of a photon interact with its orbital angular momentum, photonic spin-orbit interaction (SOI) emerges such as Rashba-Dresselhaus (RD) effect. Here, we demonstrate a chiral-emitter-free microcavity CP-OLED with a high dissymmetry factor ( g EL ) and high luminance by embedding a thin two-dimensional organic single crystal (2D-OSC) between two silver layers which serve as two metallic mirrors forming a microcavity and meanwhile also as two electrodes in an OLED architecture. In the presence of the RD effect, the SOIs in the birefringent 2D-OSC microcavity result in a controllable spin-splitting with CP dispersions. Thanks to the high emission efficiency and high carrier mobility of the OSC, chiral-emitter-free CP-OLEDs have been demonstrated exhibiting a high g EL of 1.1 and a maximum luminance of about 60000 cd/m 2 , which places our device among the best performing CP-OLEDs. This strategy opens an avenue for practical applications towards on-chip microcavity CP-OLEDs. Nanoscale circularly polarized light sources are an important building block for future integrated photonics. Here the authors demonstrate circularly polarized light emission from a thin organic single crystal light-emitting diode.

Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). However, the regulation of lncRNA SNHG15 in GC has not been well studied. Mechanisms for ferroptosis by SNHG15 have not been revealed. Here, we aimed to explore SNHG15‐mediated biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms in GC. The novel SNHG15 was identified by analyzing RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) data of GC tissues from our cohort and TCGA dataset, and further validated by qRT‐PCR in GC cells and tissues. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays were performed to examine the role of SNHG15 on GC both in vitro and in vivo. SNHG15 was highly expressed in GC. The enhanced SNHG15 was positively correlated with malignant stage and poor prognosis in GC patients. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies showed that SNHG15 was required to affect GC cell growth, migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the oncogenic transcription factors E2F1 and MYC could bind to the SNHG15 promoter and enhance its expression. Meanwhile, SNHG15 increased E2F1 and MYC mRNA expression by sponging miR‐24‐3p. Notably, SNHG15 could also enhance the stability of SLC7A11 in the cytoplasm by competitively binding HNRNPA1. In addition, SNHG15 inhibited ferroptosis through an HNRNPA1‐dependent regulation of SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. Our results support a novel model in which E2F1‐ and MYC‐activated SNHG15 regulates ferroptosis via an HNRNPA1‐dependent modulation of the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, which serves as the critical effectors in GC progression, and provides a new therapeutic direction in the treatment of GC. SNHG15 can be transcriptionally activated by E2F1 and MYC. Subsequently, SNHG15 forms a molecular decoy for miR‐24‐3p, a miRNA targeting E2F1 and MYC for degradation, thereby contributing to increased expression of E2F1 and MYC. SNHG15 also enhances the stability of SLC7A11 in the cytoplasm by binding HNRNPA1, and inhibits ferroptosis through an HNRNPA1‐dependent regulation of the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis.

Single micro/nanocrystals based on π-conjugated organic molecules have caused tremendous interests in the optoelectronic applications in laser, optical waveguide, nonlinear optics and field effect transistors. However, the controlled synthesis of these organic micro/nanocrystals with regular shapes is very difficult to achieve, because the weak interaction (van der Waals' force, ca . 5 kJ/mol) between organic molecules could not dominate the kinetic process of crystal growth. Herein, we develop an elaborate strategy, selective adhesion to organic crystal plane by the hydrogen-bonding interaction ( ca . 40 kJ/mol), for modulating the kinetic process of the formation of microcrystal, which leads to the self-assembly of one organic molecule 3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-(2-hy-droxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-on (HDMAC) into one-dimensional (1D) microwires and 2D microdisks respectively. Furthermore, these as-prepared microcrystals demonstrate shape-dependent microresonator properties that 1D microwires act as Fabry-Pérot (FP) mode lasing resonator and 2D microdisks provide the whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonator for lasing oscillator. More significantly, through the investigation of the size-effect on the laser performance, single-mode lasing at red wavelength was successfully achieved in the self-assembled 2D organic microdisk at room temperature. These easily fabricated organic single-crystalline microcrystals with controlled shapes are the natural laser sources, which offer considerable promise for the multi-functionalities of coherent light devices integrated on the optics microchip.

Background Malignant digestive tract tumors are highly prevalent and fatal tumor types globally, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to atypical early symptoms, causing patients to miss optimal treatment opportunities. Traditional endoscopic and pathological diagnostic processes are highly dependent on expert experience, facing problems such as high misdiagnosis rates and significant inter-observer variations. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as deep learning, real-time lesion detection with endoscopic assistance and automated pathological image analysis have shown potential in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. However, relevant applications still face challenges including insufficient data standardization, inadequate interpretability, and weak clinical validation. Objective This study aims to systematically review the current applications of artificial intelligence in diagnosing malignant digestive tract tumors, focusing on the progress and bottlenecks in two key areas: endoscopic examination and pathological diagnosis, and to provide feasible ideas and suggestions for subsequent research and clinical translation. Methods A systematic literature search strategy was adopted to screen relevant studies published between 2017 and 2024 from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore, supplemented with searches of early classical literature. Inclusion criteria included studies on malignant digestive tract tumors such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, or colorectal cancer, involving the application of artificial intelligence technology in endoscopic diagnosis or pathological analysis. The effects and main limitations of AI diagnosis were summarized through comprehensive analysis of research design, algorithmic methods, and experimental results from relevant literature. Results In the field of endoscopy, multiple deep learning models have significantly improved detection rates in real-time polyp detection, early gastric cancer, and esophageal cancer screening, with some commercialized systems successfully entering clinical trials. However, the scale and quality of data across different studies vary widely, and the generalizability of models to multi-center, multi-device environments remains to be verified. In pathological analysis, using convolutional neural networks, multimodal pre-training models, etc., automatic tissue segmentation, tumor grading, and assisted diagnosis can be achieved, showing good scalability in interactive question-answering. Nevertheless, clinical implementation still faces obstacles such as non-uniform data standards, lack of large-scale prospective validation, and insufficient model interpretability and continuous learning mechanisms. Conclusion Artificial intelligence provides new technological opportunities for endoscopic and pathological diagnosis of malignant digestive tract tumors, achieving positive results in early lesion identification and assisted decision-making. However, to achieve the transition from research to widespread clinical application, data standardization, model reliability, and interpretability still need to be improved through multi-center joint research, and a complete regulatory and ethical system needs to be established. In the future, artificial intelligence will play a more important role in the standardization and precision management of diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract tumors. Graphical Abstract Highlights Early symptoms of malignant digestive tract tumors are often atypical, resulting in high misdiagnosis rates, which urgently calls for more precise diagnostic methods; artificial intelligence has demonstrated significant application potential in the two core areas of endoscopy and pathology. Real-time endoscopic assisted detection systems driven by deep learning can significantly improve the detection rate of early lesions, reducing the risk of missed diagnoses due to physician inexperience or fatigue. Pathological AI technologies based on multimodal and vision-language pre-training models can achieve automatic segmentation, grading, and interactive diagnosis of digital slides, providing objective quantitative basis for individualized treatment decisions. The main obstacles to current AI applications in endoscopy and pathology include insufficient data standardization, poor model interpretability, and lack of large-scale prospective validation; multi-center collaboration and standardized regulation urgently need to be strengthened. With the continued advancement of multidisciplinary integration and technological breakthroughs, artificial intelligence is expected to further improve early diagnosis and precise management of digestive tract tumors, enhancing patient prognosis and promoting the standardized development of diagnostic and treatment processes.

Achieving high-luminescence organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) with narrowband emission and high color purity is important in various optoelectronic fields. Laser displays exhibit outstanding advantages in next-generation display technologies owing to their ultimate visual experience, but this remains a great challenge. Here, we develop a novel OLED based organic single crystals. By strongly coupling the organic exciton state to an optical microcavity, we obtain polariton electroluminescent (EL) emission from the polariton OLEDs (OPLEDs) with high luminance, narrow-band emission, high color purity, high polarization as well as excellent optically pumped polariton laser. Further, we evaluate the potential for electrically pumped polariton laser through theoretical analysis and provide possible solutions. This work provides a powerful strategy with a material–device combination that paves the way for electrically driven organic single-crystal-based polariton luminescent devices and possibly lasers.

Integrating together two dissimilar π-conjugated molecules into controlled complex topological configurations remains a largely unsolved problem owing to the diversity of organic species and their respective different assembly features. Here, we find that two structurally similar organic semiconductors, 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BA) and 5,12-bis(phenylethynyl)naphthacene (BN), co-assemble into two-component helices by control of the growth kinetics as well as the molar ratio of BA/BN. The helical superstructures made of planar and twisted bis(phenylethynyl) derivatives can be regarded as (BA) x (BN) 1− x alloys, which are formed due to compatible structural relationship between BA and BN. Moreover, epitaxial growth of (BA) x (BN) 1− x alloy layer on the surface of BA tube to form BA@(BA) x (BN) 1− x core-shell structure is also achieved via a solute exchange process. The precise control over composition and morphology towards organic alloy helices and core-shell microstructures opens a door for understanding the complex co-assembly features of two or more different material partners with similar structures. Manipulating the assembly of π-conjugated organic molecules into alloys to control composition and shape remains a largely unsolved problem. Here the authors show the co-assembly of two structurally similar organic semiconductors into two-component helices by control of their growth kinetics as well as the molar ratio of the building blocks.

Organic molecular crystals with controllable bending angles are crucial interconnectors in integrated optoelectronic chips, which can precisely guide optical signals along a predetermined path to achieve effective optical path steering. Nevertheless, current methods of tailoring molecular crystals with desired bent geometric features yet without fractured bending interface has not yet been fully realized. Here, we addresses this issue by proposing a universal “molecular cocrystal” strategy that introduces directional charge-transfer non-covalent interactions into molecular systems to weaken the original interactions, thereby triggering the spontaneous deformation transition from crystal slippage to bending. Significantly, a diverse range of self-assembled bent crystals with accurate angles ranging from 61.8° to 85.0° have been synthesized without destroying the structural integrity of the crystals. The proposed strategy is also applied to construct hierarchical bent microstructures with 2 to 6 bends. These as-prepared bent crystals exhibit excitation position-dependent anisotropic optical behaviors, which are applied into the photonics switch with adjustable on/off ratio. This methodology offers a versatile pathway to purposely design bent crystals with tailored angles, thereby laying a structural foundation for the on-chip organic optoelectronics. Organic molecular crystals with controllable bending angles are crucial interconnectors in integrated optoelectronic chips but current methods of tailoring bent geometric features in molecular crystals without fracturing remain limited. Here the authors proposing a molecular cocrystal strategy that introduces directional non-covalent interactions into molecular systems to weaken the original interactions triggering the spontaneous deformation.