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"Fu, Kai"
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Therapeutic strategies for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients with osimertinib resistance
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are the preferential options for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations. Osimertinib is a potent irreversible third-generation EGFR-TKI targeting EGFR mutations but has little effect on wild-type EGFR. In view of its remarkable efficacy and manageable safety, osimertinib was recommended as the standard first-line treatment for advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. However, as the other EGFR-TKIs, osimertinib will inevitably develop acquired resistance, which limits its efficacy on the treatment of EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients. The etiology of triggering osimertinib resistance is complex including EGFR-dependent and EGFR-independent pathways, and different therapeutic strategies for the NSCLC patients with osimertinib resistance have been developed. Herein, we comprehensively summarized the resistance mechanisms of osimertinib and discuss in detail the potential therapeutic strategies for EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients suffering osimertinib resistance for the sake of the improvement of survival and further achievement of precise medicine.
Journal Article
الصين ووادي السيليكون والنظام العالمي الجديد : بداية الحرب السيبرانية العالمية : القوى العظمى للذكاء الصناعي
يعتقد كاي فو لي أن الصين ستكون القوة العظمى القادمة في مجال الابتكار التكنولوجي، ويشرح ذلك في هذا الكتاب المحفز للتفكير، يجادل لي بقوة بأنه بسبب التطورات غير المسبوقة في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي، ستحدث تغييرات جذرية أسرع بكثير مما توقعه الكثيرون، في الواقع، مع احتدام المنافسة بين الولايات المتحدة والصين في مجال الذكاء الاصطناعي، يحث لي الولايات المتحدة والصين على تقبل المسؤوليات الجسيمة التي تصاحب القوة التكنولوجية الهائلة، وقبولها.
BOOK
Quantum defects by design
Optically active point defects in wide-bandgap crystals are leading building blocks for quantum information technologies including quantum processors, repeaters, simulators, and sensors. Although defects and impurities are ubiquitous in all materials, select defect configurations in certain materials harbor coherent electronic and nuclear quantum states that can be optically and electronically addressed in solid-state devices, in some cases even at room temperature. Historically, the study of quantum point defects has been limited to a relatively small set of host materials and defect systems. In this article, we consider the potential for identifying defects in new materials, either to advance known applications in quantum science or to enable entirely new capabilities. We propose that, in principle, it should be possible to reverse the historical approach, which is partially based on accidental discovery, in order to
quantum defects with desired properties suitable for specific applications. We discuss the biggest obstacles on the road towards this goal, in particular those related to theoretical prediction, materials growth and processing, and experimental characterization.
Journal Article
كلنا في البداية جدد
المحتويات : كلنا في البداية جدد-لا نستغني عن الملح-الخطيئة الأصلية-الباب الخفي-السرعة-روح عيد الميلاد-قمر يقطر منه الماء-قيمة الحب أغلى-السعادة التي لا حدود لها-الحزن-محيط أرض نصف قطرها خمسمائة متر-في طرف السماء الغربي مفكرة تتحدث عن شينجانغ-الزمان والمكان والشخصية-الحب بلغ شيخوخته-الزهور العظام الشقة المبنية بالطوب الطيني-النصف الأول خذلان والنصف الآخر امتلاك-أنجبت ولدا-الحانة التي اعتدت الخروج منها ... وموضوعات أخرى.
Book
Resonant enhancement of the zero-phonon emission from a colour centre in a diamond cavity
Integrated quantum photonic technologies are key for future applications in quantum information1,2, ultralow-power opto-electronics3 and sensing4. As individual quantum bits, nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond are among the most promising solid-state systems identified to date, because of their long-lived electron and nuclear spin coherence, and capability for individual optical initialization, readout and information storage 5-9. The major outstanding hurdle lies in interconnecting many nitrogen vacancies for large-scale computation. One of the most promising approaches in this regard is to couple them to optical resonators, which can be further interconnected in a photonic network. Here10-12, we demonstrate coupling of the zero-phonon line of individual nitrogen vacancies to the modes of microring resonators fabricated in single-crystal diamond. Zero-phonon line enhancement by more than a factor of 10 is estimated from lifetime measurements. The devices are fabricated using standard semiconductor techniques and off-the-shelf materials, thus enabling integrated diamond photonics. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Journal Article
التخفيف من حدة الفقر في الصين المعاصرة
استنادا إلى نظرة عامة على أوضاع الفقر، يقدم هذا الكتاب مسار التخفيف من حدة الفقر والتنمية في الصين، ويشرح نموذج التنمية والتخفي من حدة الفقر بخصائص صينية والتمسك بمباديء (سيطرة الحكومة ومشاركة المجتمع والاعتماد على الذات والتنمية الموجهة والتنمية الشاملة) كما يقدم الكتاب تلخيصا شاملا لإنجازات الصين العظيمة وخبراتها الهامة وإسهاماتها الرئيسية في قضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم، ويعرض بإيجاز نظرات وممارسات التخفيف المستهدف من الفقر في العصر الجديد من أجل توفير مراجع لكسب المعركة ضد الفقر في الصين وقضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم.
Book
Layer-resolved magnetic proximity effect in van der Waals heterostructures
Magnetic proximity effects are integral to manipulating spintronic1,2, superconducting3,4, excitonic5 and topological phenomena6–8 in heterostructures. These effects are highly sensitive to the interfacial electronic properties, such as electron wavefunction overlap and band alignment. The recent emergence of magnetic two-dimensional materials opens new possibilities for exploring proximity effects in van der Waals heterostructures9–12. In particular, atomically thin CrI3 exhibits layered antiferromagnetism, in which adjacent ferromagnetic monolayers are antiferromagnetically coupled9. Here we report a layer-resolved magnetic proximity effect in heterostructures formed by monolayer WSe2 and bi/trilayer CrI3. By controlling the individual layer magnetization in CrI3 with a magnetic field, we show that the spin-dependent charge transfer between WSe2 and CrI3 is dominated by the interfacial CrI3 layer, while the proximity exchange field is highly sensitive to the layered magnetic structure as a whole. In combination with reflective magnetic circular dichroism measurements, these properties allow the use of monolayer WSe2 as a spatially sensitive magnetic sensor to map out layered antiferromagnetic domain structures at zero magnetic field as well as antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic domains at finite magnetic fields. Our work reveals a way to control proximity effects and probe interfacial magnetic order via van der Waals engineering13.Controlling the individual layer magnetization in CrI3 enables the observation of a layer-resolved magnetic proximity effect in WSe2/CrI3 heterostructures.
Journal Article
Immune Checkpoint LAG3 and Its Ligand FGL1 in Cancer
LAG3 is the most promising immune checkpoint next to PD-1 and CTLA-4. High LAG3 and FGL1 expression boosts tumor growth by inhibiting the immune microenvironment. This review comprises four sections presenting the structure/expression, interaction, biological effects, and clinical application of LAG3/FGL1. D1 and D2 of LAG3 and FD of FGL1 are the LAG3-FGL1 interaction domains. LAG3 accumulates on the surface of lymphocytes in various tumors, but is also found in the cytoplasm in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. FGL1 is found in the cytoplasm in NSCLC cells and on the surface of breast cancer cells. The LAG3-FGL1 interaction mechanism remains unclear, and the intracellular signals require elucidation. LAG3/FGL1 activity is associated with immune cell infiltration, proliferation, and secretion. Cytokine production is enhanced when LAG3/FGL1 are co-expressed with PD-1. IMP321 and relatlimab are promising monoclonal antibodies targeting LAG3 in melanoma. The clinical use of anti-FGL1 antibodies has not been reported. Finally, high FGL1 and LAG3 expression induces EGFR-TKI and gefitinib resistance, and anti-PD-1 therapy resistance, respectively. We present a comprehensive overview of the role of LAG3/FGL1 in cancer, suggesting novel anti-tumor therapy strategies.
Journal Article
Spin-defect qubits in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides operating at telecom wavelengths
Solid state quantum defects are promising candidates for scalable quantum information systems which can be seamlessly integrated with the conventional semiconductor electronic devices within the 3D monolithically integrated hybrid classical-quantum devices. Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center defects are the representative examples, but the controlled positioning of an NV center within bulk diamond is an outstanding challenge. Furthermore, quantum defect properties may not be easily tuned for bulk crystalline quantum defects. In comparison, 2D semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are promising solid platform to host a quantum defect with tunable properties and a possibility of position control. Here, we computationally discover a promising defect family for spin qubit realization in 2D TMDs. The defects consist of transition metal atoms substituted at chalcogen sites with desirable spin-triplet ground state, zero-field splitting in the tens of GHz, and strong zero-phonon coupling to optical transitions in the highly desirable telecom band.
Defect centers in two-dimensional materials has shown promise for applications in quantum information and sensing. Lee et al. computationally discover a class of substitutional defect centers in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides with promising qubit characteristics operating at telecom wavelengths.
Journal Article