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"Fu, Lin"
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Asian agribusiness management : case studies in growth, marketing, and upgrading strategies
\"This book of case studies is designed to provide useful information for instructional purposes and for those interested in the management of Asian agribusiness. This collected volume of case studies is organized around three major themes--growth, marketing, and upgrading strategies. Many of the cases herein were used in Advanced Agribusiness Workshops jointly organized by the Asian Productivity Organization and Cornell University held in Bangkok, Manila, and Bali. Through a case study-driven approach, this book offers an opportunity for students, policymakers, and business owners to consider the impact of key trends like value-addition, urbanization, the environment, regional integration, climate change, and technology on Asian agribusinesses\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Review of the High-Order TENO Schemes for Compressible Gas Dynamics and Turbulence
For compressible flow simulations involving both turbulence and shockwaves, the competing requirements render it challenging to develop high-order numerical methods capable of capturing the discontinuities sharply and resolving the turbulence with high spectral resolution. In particular when deployed with the advanced large-eddy simulation (LES) approach, for which the governing equations are solved with coarse meshes, the solution is extraordinarily sensitive to the numerical dissipation resulting in large uncertainties for cross-code comparisons. Similar sensitivities have also been observed for a wide range of complex fluid predictions, e.g., turbulent reacting flows, two-phase flows, and transitional flows. In this paper, the family of high-order targeted essentially non-oscillatory (TENO) schemes on both the Cartesian and unstructured meshes is reviewed for general hyperbolic conservation laws with an emphasis on the high-speed turbulent flows. As a novel variant of popular weighted ENO (WENO) scheme, the TENO scheme retains the sharp shock-capturing capability of WENO and is suitable for resolving turbulence with controllable low numerical dissipation. The key success of TENO relies on a strong scale-separation procedure and the tailored novel ENO-like stencil selection strategy. In addition, the built-in candidate stencils with incremental width facilitate the construction of arbitrarily high-order (both odd- and even-order) schemes featuring superior robustness. Detailed performance comparisons between the WENO and TENO schemes are discussed comprehensively as well as the applications of TENO schemes to challenging compressible fluids. At last, the potential future developments to further boost the performance of TENO schemes from various perspectives are highlighted.
Journal Article
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5): The culprit for chronic lung diseases in China
Air pollution is a world public health problem. Particulate matter (PM), a mix of solid and liquid particles in the air, becomes an increasing concern in the social and economic development of China. For decades, epidemiological studies have confirmed the association between fine particle pollutants and respiratory diseases. It has been reported in different populations that increased fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations cause elevated susceptibility to respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory distress, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of PM2.5 in respiratory diseases, which are helpful for the prevention of air pollution and treatment of respiratory tract inflammatory diseases.
Journal Article
Rational Design of Highly Efficient Orange‐Red/Red Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters with Submicrosecond Emission Lifetimes
The development of orange‐red/red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with both high emission efficiencies and short lifetimes is highly desirable for electroluminescence (EL) applications, but remains a formidable challenge owing to the strict molecular design principles. Herein, two new orange‐red/red TADF emitters, namely AC‐PCNCF3 and TAC‐PCNCF3, composed of pyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile‐derived electron‐acceptor (PCNCF3) and acridine electron‐donors (AC/TAC) are developed. These emitters in doped films exhibit excellent photophysical properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.91, tiny singlet‐triplet energy gaps of 0.01 eV, and ultrashort TADF lifetimes of less than 1 µs. The TADF‐organic light‐emitting diodes employing the AC‐PCNCF3 as emitter achieve orange‐red and red EL with high external quantum efficiencies of up to 25.0% and nearly 20% at doping concentrations of 5 and 40 wt%, respectively, both accompanied by well‐suppressed efficiency roll‐offs. This work provides an efficient molecular design strategy for developing high‐performance red TADF materials. In this work, orange‐red/red thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials achieve high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 91% with ultrashort exciton lifetimes of less than 1 µs, demonstrating a successful balance between high efficiency and fast reverse intersystem crossing. Highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes are realized with external quantum efficiencies of up to 25.0% and small efficiency roll‐offs.
Journal Article
Sirtuin5 contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis by enhancing glutaminolysis in a deglutarylation-dependent manner
Reversible post-translational modifications represent a mechanism to control tumor metabolism. Here we show that mitochondrial Sirtuin5 (SIRT5), which mediates lysine desuccinylation, deglutarylation, and demalonylation, plays a role in colorectal cancer (CRC) glutamine metabolic rewiring. Metabolic profiling identifies that deletion of SIRT5 causes a marked decrease in
13
C-glutamine incorporation into tricarboxylic-acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and glutamine-derived non-essential amino acids. This reduces the building blocks required for rapid growth. Mechanistically, the direct interaction between SIRT5 and glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1) causes deglutarylation and functional activation of GLUD1, a critical regulator of cellular glutaminolysis. Consistently, GLUD1 knockdown diminishes SIRT5-induced proliferation, both in vivo and in vitro. Clinically, overexpression of SIRT5 is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in CRC. Thus, SIRT5 supports the anaplerotic entry of glutamine into the TCA cycle in malignant phenotypes of CRC via activating GLUD1.
Tumour metabolism can be controlled through post-translational modifications. Here the authors show that Sirtuin5 promotes glutaminolysis in colorectal cancer cells via glutamate dehydrogenase-1, a critical regulator of glutaminolysis, inducing its deglutarylation and functional activation.
Journal Article
High-capacity lithium sulfur battery and beyond: a review of metal anode protection layers and perspective of solid-state electrolytes
Li metal has the highest specific capacity (3860 mA h g−1) and the lowest electrochemical potential (− 3.04 V vs. SHE) of available metal anodes. Together with the high specific capacity of sulfur cathodes (1670 mA h g−1), Li metal–S batteries are a promising candidate to achieve high energy density batteries for electric vehicles and future industry. However, Li metal anodes suffer from corrosive reactions with electrolytes, a theoretically infinite volume change, and the growth of dendrites during electrochemical cycling. To realize the practical application of Li metal–S batteries, protective layers or artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (ASEI) layers have been applied to the surface of Li metal. These ASEI layers demonstrate capabilities to suppress the growth of dendrites and mitigate side reactions, which enhance the performance and safety of Li metal anodes in liquid-electrolyte systems, though there are still limitations and challenges. The development of solid-state electrolytes as artificial SEIs provides a promising route to suppress the issues of dendrite formation and the polysulfide “shuttle effect” in Li–S chemistry; however, the improvement in the interfacial compatibility and stability between the Li metal and the solid-state electrolyte is crucially needed.In this review, we summarize different types of ASEI layers used to protect Li metal, especially in Li–S batteries, with both liquid- and solid-electrolyte systems. We also briefly introduce the concept of anode protection of Mg metal and its application in Mg–S batteries. Perspectives regarding the further development and improvement of ASEI layers for Li metal and Mg metal are discussed.
Journal Article
Air pollutants and early origins of respiratory diseases
Air pollution is a global health threat and causes millions of human deaths annually. The late onset of respiratory diseases in children and adults due to prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants is emerging as a critical concern in human health. Pregnancy and fetal development stages are highly susceptible to environmental exposure and tend to develop a long-term impact in later life. In this review, we briefly glance at the direct impact of outdoor and indoor air pollutants on lung diseases and pregnancy disorders. We further focus on lung complications in later life with early exposure to air pollutants. Epidemiological evidence is provided to show the association of prenatal or perinatal exposure to air pollutants with various adverse birth outcomes, such as preterm birth, lower birth weight, and lung developmental defects, which further associate with respiratory diseases and reduced lung function in children and adults. Mechanistic evidence is also discussed to support that air pollutants impact various cellular and molecular targets at early life, which link to the pathogenesis and altered immune responses related to abnormal respiratory functions and lung diseases in later life.
Journal Article
Synthesis of clathrate cerium superhydride CeH9 at 80-100 GPa with atomic hydrogen sublattice
Hydrogen-rich superhydrides are believed to be very promising high-
T
c
superconductors. Recent experiments discovered superhydrides at very high pressures, e.g. FeH
5
at 130 GPa and LaH
10
at 170 GPa. With the motivation of discovering new hydrogen-rich high-
T
c
superconductors at lowest possible pressure, here we report the prediction and experimental synthesis of cerium superhydride CeH
9
at 80–100 GPa in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell coupled with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Ab initio calculations were carried out to evaluate the detailed chemistry of the Ce-H system and to understand the structure, stability and superconductivity of CeH
9
. CeH
9
crystallizes in a
P6
3
/mmc
clathrate structure with a very dense 3-dimensional atomic hydrogen sublattice at 100 GPa. These findings shed a significant light on the search for superhydrides in close similarity with atomic hydrogen within a feasible pressure range. Discovery of superhydride CeH
9
provides a practical platform to further investigate and understand conventional superconductivity in hydrogen rich superhydrides.
Hydrogen-rich superhydrides are promising high-temperature superconductors which have been observed only at pressures above 170 GPa. Here the authors show that CeH
9
can be synthesized at 80-100 GPa with laser heating, and is characterized by a clathrate structure with a dense 3-dimensional atomic hydrogen sublattice.
Journal Article