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The 20th century was a dynamic period for the theatrical arts in China. The four volumes of A History of Chinese Theatre in the 20th Century display the developmental trajectories of Chinese theatre over those hundred years. 0This volume examines the development of Chinese theatrical art from the Cultural Revolution to the end of the 20th century. The Cultural Revolution had a devastating influence on the theatrical profession, reducing the creation of performance art to serving the political authorities. Adopting a critical view, the author argues that the Reform and Opening-up of the late 1970s not only ended this period of political interference, but also brought about chaos and doubts to the theatrical circle, since neither tradition nor western concepts were a panacea for the problems faced by Chinese theatre. He posits that people should advocate patterns of drama that are rich and colourful in their expression while encouraging the coexistence and competition of different artistic concepts. Scholars and students in the history of the arts, especially the history of Chinese theatre, will find this book to be an essential guide. Vol. 1: 9780367462154; Vol.2: 9781138330665; Vol. 3: 9780367773953.

Lonicerae japonicae flos (called Jinyinhua, JYH in Chinese), flowers or flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunberg, is an extremely used traditional edible-medicinal herb. Pharmacological studies have already proved JYH ideal clinical therapeutic effects on inflammation and infectious diseases and prominent effects on multiple targets in vitro and in vivo, such as pro-inflammatory protein inducible nitric oxide synthase, toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-1 receptor. JYH and Lonicerae flos [called Shanyinhua, SYH in Chinese, flowers or flower buds of Lonicera hypoglauca Miquel, Lonicera confusa De Candolle or Lonicera macrantha (D.Don) Spreng] which belongs to the same family of JYH were once recorded as same herb in multiple versions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP). However, they were listed as two different herbs in 2005 Edition ChP, leading to endless controversy since they have close proximity on plant species, appearances and functions, together with traditional applications. In the past decades, there has no literature regarding to systematical comparison on the similarity concerning research achievements of the two herbs. This review comprehensively presents similarities and differences between JYH and SYH retrospectively, particularly proposing them the marked differences in botanies, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities which can be used as evidence of separate list of JYH and SYH. Furthermore, deficiencies on present studies have also been discussed so as to further research could use for reference.

Confined microenvironments formed in heterogeneous catalysts have recently been recognized as equally important as catalytically active sites. Understanding the fundamentals of confined catalysis has become an important topic in heterogeneous catalysis. Well-defined 2D space between a catalyst surface and a 2D material overlayer provides an ideal microenvironment to explore the confined catalysis experimentally and theoretically. Using density functional theory calculations, we reveal that adsorption of atoms and molecules on a Pt(111) surface always has been weakened under monolayer graphene, which is attributed to the geometric constraint and confinement field in the 2D space between the graphene overlayer and the Pt(111) surface. A similar result has been found on Pt(110) and Pt(100) surfaces covered with graphene. The microenvironment created by coating a catalyst surface with 2D material overlayer can be used to modulate surface reactivity, which has been illustrated by optimizing oxygen reduction reaction activity on Pt(111) covered by various 2D materials. We demonstrate a concept of confined catalysis under 2D cover based on a weak van der Waals interaction between 2D material overlayers and underlying catalyst surfaces.

Deep optical optimization has recently emerged as a new paradigm for designing computational imaging systems using only the output image as the objective. However, it has been limited to either simple optical systems consisting of a single element such as a diffractive optical element or metalens, or the fine-tuning of compound lenses from good initial designs. Here we present a DeepLens design method based on curriculum learning, which is able to learn optical designs of compound lenses ab initio from randomly initialized surfaces without human intervention, therefore overcoming the need for a good initial design. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by fully automatically designing both classical imaging lenses and a large field-of-view extended depth-of-field computational lens in a cellphone-style form factor, with highly aspheric surfaces and a short back focal length. The authors present a design method based on curriculum learning, able to learn optical designs of compound lenses from randomly initialized surfaces without human intervention, demonstrating fully automated design of both classical imaging lenses and extended depth-of-field computational lenses.

Metal nanoparticles anchored on perovskite through in situ exsolution under reducing atmosphere provide catalytically active metal/oxide interfaces for CO 2 electrolysis in solid oxide electrolysis cell. However, there are critical challenges to obtain abundant metal/oxide interfaces due to the sluggish diffusion process of dopant cations inside the bulk perovskite. Herein, we propose a strategy to promote exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on Sr 2 Fe 1.4 Ru 0.1 Mo 0.5 O 6− δ perovskite by enriching the active Ru underneath the perovskite surface via repeated redox manipulations. In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrates the dynamic structure evolution of Sr 2 Fe 1.4 Ru 0.1 Mo 0.5 O 6− δ perovskite under reducing and oxidizing atmosphere, as well as the facilitated CO 2 adsorption at RuFe@Sr 2 Fe 1.4 Ru 0.1 Mo 0.5 O 6− δ interfaces. Solid oxide electrolysis cell with RuFe@Sr 2 Fe 1.4 Ru 0.1 Mo 0.5 O 6− δ interfaces shows over 74.6% enhancement in current density of CO 2 electrolysis compared to that with Sr 2 Fe 1.4 Ru 0.1 Mo 0.5 O 6− δ counterpart as well as impressive stability for 1000 h at 1.2 V and 800 °C. Metal nanoparticles anchored on perovskite provide catalytically active interfaces for CO2 electrolysis. The authors promote exsolution of RuFe alloy nanoparticles on Sr2Fe1.4Ru0.1Mo0.5 O6−δ perovskite by enriching the active Ru underneath the perovskite surface via repeated redox manipulations.

How spiders' silk collects water The glistening of spiders' webs on a misty morning shows that they can gather water droplets from humid air with impressive efficiency. A study of the capture silk of the spider Uloborus walckenaerius reveals that this capability depends on a structural change that occurs on wetting. 'Wet-rebuilt' fibres are characterized by periodic spindle-knots made of random nanofibrils separated by joints made of aligned nanofibrils. This structure produces a surface energy gradient between the spindle-knots and the joints, and a difference in the pressure acting on drops in contact with either the spindle-knots or the joints. This ensures that water can continuously condense around the joints and is then transported to the spindle-knots, where it can accumulate in large hanging drops. An artificial silk mimicking the structure of wetted spider silk can also gather water drops from thin mist. This work could inform the design of functional surfaces that can collect fresh water from fog, or filter liquid aerosols in industrial processes. Many plants and animals make use of biological surfaces with structural features at the micro- and nanometre-scale that control the interaction with water. The appearance of dew drops on spider webs is an illustration of how they are one such material capable of efficiently collecting water from air. The water-collecting ability of the capture silk of the Uloborus walckenaerius spider is now shown to be the result of a unique fibre structure that forms after wetting. Many biological surfaces in both the plant and animal kingdom possess unusual structural features at the micro- and nanometre-scale that control their interaction with water and hence wettability 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 . An intriguing example is provided by desert beetles, which use micrometre-sized patterns of hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on their backs to capture water from humid air 6 . As anyone who has admired spider webs adorned with dew drops will appreciate, spider silk is also capable of efficiently collecting water from air. Here we show that the water-collecting ability of the capture silk of the cribellate spider Uloborus walckenaerius is the result of a unique fibre structure that forms after wetting, with the ‘wet-rebuilt’ fibres characterized by periodic spindle-knots made of random nanofibrils and separated by joints made of aligned nanofibrils. These structural features result in a surface energy gradient between the spindle-knots and the joints and also in a difference in Laplace pressure, with both factors acting together to achieve continuous condensation and directional collection of water drops around spindle-knots. Submillimetre-sized liquid drops have been driven by surface energy gradients 7 , 8 , 9 or a difference in Laplace pressure 10 , but until now neither force on its own has been used to overcome the larger hysteresis effects that make the movement of micrometre-sized drops more difficult. By tapping into both driving forces, spider silk achieves this task. Inspired by this finding, we designed artificial fibres that mimic the structural features of silk and exhibit its directional water-collecting ability.

Aero-engine is one of the most important components of an aircraft. The development of maintenance has undergone the transition from “post-event maintenance” and “preventive maintenance” to “predictive maintenance”, and the future development direction is precise maintenance, which aims to achieve the collaborative optimization goal of ensuring operational safety and reducing operating costs. To improve the effect of predictive engine maintenance, the aero-engine predictive maintenance framework driven by digital twin (DT) is studied, and the implicit digital twin (IDT) model is mined. The validity of the model is verified by the consistency evaluation of virtual and real data assets. Combining the data-driven with LSTM model of deep learning method and taking an aero-engine as an example can show that the method is effective. Experimental results show that when the data set used for model training is 80%, the model prediction has high accuracy, and the RMSE predicted by aero-engine RUL is 13.12, which is better than other experimental schemes.

with the development of new media technology and the popularity of mobile devices, the short video platform has become one of the standing applications in the public’s mobile phones, and the short video tool has added a new color to the development of video shooting technology while enriching the spiritual and cultural life of the public. In the era of new media convergence, short video shooting technology has become an indispensable part of video shooting, in view of this, this paper mainly focuses on the analysis and research of short video photography technology under the integration of computer editing in the new media era.

A membrane with both high ion conductivity and selectivity is critical to high power density and low-cost flow batteries, which are of great importance for the wide application of renewable energies. The trade-off between ion selectivity and conductivity is a bottleneck of ion conductive membranes. In this paper, a thin-film composite membrane with ultrathin polyamide selective layer is found to break the trade-off between ion selectivity and conductivity, and dramatically improve the power density of a flow battery. As a result, a vanadium flow battery with a thin-film composite membrane achieves energy efficiency higher than 80% at a current density of 260 mA cm −2 , which is the highest ever reported to the best of our knowledge. Combining experiments and theoretical calculation, we propose that the high performance is attributed to the proton transfer via Grotthuss mechanism and Vehicle mechanism in sub-1 nm pores of the ultrathin polyamide selective layer. Low-cost flow batteries with high power density are promising for energy storage, but membranes with simultaneously high ion conductivity and selectivity should be developed. Here the authors report a thin-film composite membrane that breaks the trade-off between ion conductivity and selectivity.

Atomically monodispersed heterogeneous catalysts with uniform active sites and high atom utilization efficiency are ideal heterogeneous catalytic materials. Designing such type of catalysts, however, remains a formidable challenge. Herein, using a wet-chemical method, we successfully achieved a mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg-C 3 N 4 ) supported dual-atom Pt 2 catalyst, which exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the highly selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline. The conversion of ˃99% is significantly superior to the corresponding values of mpg-C 3 N 4 -supported single Pt atoms and ultra-small Pt nanoparticles (~2 nm). First-principles calculations revealed that the excellent and unique catalytic performance of the Pt 2 species originates from the facile H 2 dissociation induced by the diatomic characteristics of Pt and the easy desorption of the aniline product. The produced Pt 2 /mpg-C 3 N 4 samples are versatile and can be applied in catalyzing other important reactions, such as the selective hydrogenation of benzaldehyde and the epoxidation of styrene. Designing atomically monodispersed heterogeneous catalysts with uniform active sites and high atom utilization efficiency is of fundamental and practical interest. Here, the authors report a Pt2/mpg-C3N4 catalyst showing enhanced catalytic performance toward the selective hydrogenation and epoxidation