Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
11,264
result(s) for
"Fu, Wen-wen"
Sort by:
Drug candidates in clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major form of senile dementia, characterized by progressive memory and neuronal loss combined with cognitive impairment. AD is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, affecting one-fifth of those aged over 85 years. Recent therapeutic approaches have been strongly influenced by five neuropathological hallmarks of AD: acetylcholine deficiency, glutamate excitotoxicity, extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ plague), formation of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NTFs), and neuroinflammation. The lowered concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) in AD result in a progressive and significant loss of cognitive and behavioral function. Current AD medications, memantine and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) alleviate some of these symptoms by enhancing cholinergic signaling, but they are not curative. Since 2003, no new drugs have been approved for the treatment of AD. This article focuses on the current research in clinical trials targeting the neuropathological findings of AD including acetylcholine response, glutamate transmission, Aβ clearance, tau protein deposits, and neuroinflammation. These investigations include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, agonists and antagonists of neurotransmitter receptors, β-secretase (BACE) or γ-secretase inhibitors, vaccines or antibodies targeting Aβ clearance or tau protein, as well as anti-inflammation compounds. Ongoing Phase III clinical trials via passive immunotherapy against Aβ peptides (crenezumab, gantenerumab, and aducanumab) seem to be promising. Using small molecules blocking 5-HT
6
serotonin receptor (intepirdine), inhibiting BACE activity (E2609, AZD3293, and verubecestat), or reducing tau aggregation (TRx0237) are also currently in Phase III clinical trials. We here systemically review the findings from recent clinical trials to provide a comprehensive review of novel therapeutic compounds in the treatment and prevention of AD.
Journal Article
وثائق مكافحة كوفيد-19
بين يدي القارئ كتاب يجمع بين دفتيه الترجمة العربية لوثائق مكافحة كوفيد 19- التي أصدرتها لجنة الصحة الوطنية الصينية، ومـن بـين هذه الوثائق النسخ الست مـن آليات الوقاية مـن الالتهاب الرئوي الناجم عـن فيروس كـورونا المستجد ومكافحته، والنسخة التجريبية السابعة لآليات تـشخيص الالتـِهاب الـرئوي الناجِم عـن فـيروس كـورونا المستجد وعلاجه وغـيرها مـن الـمرفقات. وعـمل على ترجمة النـسخة الـعربية لوثائق مكافحة كـوفيد 19- الصينية فريـق ترجمة به أكـثر من عشريـن أستاذا وطالبا مـن قسم اللغة العربية بكلية اللغات الأجنبية بجامعة بكين بـالتعاون مع كلية الآداب في جامعة القاهرة والمعهد العالي للغات بتونس في جامعة قرطاج، في الفترة مـن مارس وحتى مايو 2020، قام خلالها فـريق الترجمة بترجمة قرابة 100 ألـف رمز صيني.
BOOK
Island and Page curve for one-sided asymptotically flat black hole
A
bstract
Great breakthrough in solving black hole information paradox took place when semiclassical island rule for entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation was proposed in recent years. Up to now, most papers which discussed island rule of asymptotic flat black hole with
D
≥ 4 focus on eternal black hole. In this paper, we take one more step further by discussing island of “in” vacuum state which describes one-sided asymptotically flat black hole formed by gravitational collapse in
D
≥ 4. We find that island
I
emerges at late time and saves entropy bound. And boundary of island
∂I
depends on the position of cutoff surface. When cutoff surface is far from horizon,
∂I
is inside and near horizon. When cutoff surface is set to be near horizon,
∂I
is outside and near horizon. This is different from the case of eternal black hole in which
∂I
is always outside horizon no matter cutoff surface is far from or near horizon. We will see that different states will manifestly affect
S
ent
in island formula when cutoff surface is far from horizon and thus have different result for Page time.
Journal Article
Page curves and entanglement islands for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes
A
bstract
It was proposed recently that the fine-grained entropy of the Hawking radiation can be expressed by the semiclassical island formula, which reproduces the unitary Page curve. In this paper, we choose the “in” vacuum state and apply the quantum extremal surface construction to study the Page curve for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes in four dimensions, which is produced by the spherical null shells. Metrics of the three regions of this spacetimes are obtained. In addition, the entanglement islands for the step-function Vaidya model of evaporating black holes at very late times are studied. When cutoff surface
A
is located in Minkowski region III with
u
A
< u
H
at very late times, we find that the location of the boundary of island
∂I
depends on the value of 8
M − v
A
+
v
I
. Specifically,
∂I
is inside, at or outside the horizon when 8
M
−
v
A
+
v
I
is less than, equal to or larger than zero respectively. Moreover, when cutoff surface
A
is located in Minkowski region III with
u
A
> u
H
after the black hole evaporates completely, we find that entanglement island still exists and
∂I
is located on an equal-time Cauchy surface of the observer
A
when
r
A
2
≥
64
G
N
κc
.
Journal Article
Cuproptosis scoring system to predict the clinical outcome and immune response in bladder cancer
Cuproptosis is a novel copper ion-dependent cell death type being regulated in cells, and this is quite different from the common cell death patterns such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Interestingly, like with death patterns, cuproptosis-related genes have recently been reported to regulate the occurrence and progression of various tumors. However, in bladder cancer, the link between cuproptosis and clinical outcome, tumor microenvironment (TME) modification, and immunotherapy is unknown. To determine the role of cuprotosis in the tumor microenvironment, we systematically examined the characteristic patterns of 10 cuproptosis-related genes in bladder cancer (BLCA). By analyzing principal component data, we established a cuproptosis score to determine the degree of cuproptosis among patients. Finally, we evaluated the potential of these values in predicting BLCA prognosis and treatment responses. A comprehensive study of the mutations of cuproptosis-related genes in BLCA specimens was conducted at the genetic level, and their expression and survival patterns were evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Two cuproptosis patterns were constructed based on the transcription level of 10 cuproptosis-related genes, featuring differences in the prognosis and the infiltrating landscape of immune cells (especially T and dendritic cells) with interactions between cuproptosis and the TME. Our study further demonstrated that cuproptosis score may predict prognosis, immunophenotype sensitivity to chemotherapy, and immunotherapy response among bladder cancer patients. The development and progression of bladder cancer are likely to be influenced by cuproptosis, which may involve a diverse and complex TME. The cuproptosis pattern evaluated in our study may enhance understanding of immune infiltrations and guide more potent immunotherapy interventions.
Journal Article
Robustly photogenerating H2 in water using FeP/CdS catalyst under solar irradiation
Photosplitting water for H
2
production is a promising, sustainable approach for solar-to-chemical energy conversion. However, developing low-cost, high efficient and stable photocatalysts remains the major challenge. Here we report a composite photocatalyst consisting of FeP nanoparticles and CdS nanocrystals (FeP/CdS) for photogenerating H
2
in aqueous lactic acid solution under visible light irradiation. Experimental results demonstrate that the photocatalyst is highly active with a H
2
-evolution rate of 202000 μmol h
−1
g
−1
for the first 5 h (106000 μmol h
−1
g
−1
under natural solar irradiation), which is the best H
2
evolution activity, even 3-fold higher than the control
in situ
photo-deposited Pt/CdS system and the corresponding to an apparent quantum efficiency of over 35% at 520 nm. More important, we found that the system exhibited excellent stability and remained effective after more than 100 h in optimal conditions under visible light irradiation. A wide-ranging analysis verified that FeP effectively separates the photoexcited charge from CdS and showed that the dual active sites in FeP enhance the activity of FeP/CdS photocatalysts.
Journal Article
The promising immune checkpoint LAG-3 in cancer immunotherapy: from basic research to clinical application
LAG-3, a type of immune checkpoint receptor protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily, is confirmed to be expressed on activated immune cells, mainly including activated T cells. LAG-3 can negatively regulate the function of T cells, exerting important effects on maintaining the homeostasis of the immune system under normal physiological conditions and promoting tumor cells immune escape in the tumor microenvironment. Given its important biological roles, LAG-3 has been regarded as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. To date, many LAG-3 inhibitors have been reported, which can be divided into monoclonal antibody, double antibody, and small molecule drug, some of which have entered the clinical research stage. LAG-3 inhibitors can negatively regulate and suppress T cell proliferation and activation through combination with MHC II ligand. Besides, LAG-3 inhibitors can also affect T cell function via binding to Galectin-3 and LSECtin. In addition, LAG-3 inhibitors can prevent the FGL1-LAG-3 interaction, thereby enhancing the human body’s antitumor immune effect. In this review, we will describe the function of LAG-3 and summarize the latest LAG-3 inhibitors in the clinic for cancer therapy.
Journal Article
Eccentric extreme-mass-ratio inspirals: a new window into ultra-light vector fields
Space-based gravitational-wave detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), provide a platform to probe new fundamental fields through extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs), where a compact secondary object carrying scalar or vector charges inspirals into a massive primary. In a theory-agnostic framework, we compute the ultra-light vector and gravitational radiation emitted by eccentric EMRIs and determine the corresponding inspiral trajectories. We evaluate the impact of a massive vector (Proca) field on EMRIs waveform through dephasing and mismatches with predictions by general relativity. Using a Fisher information matrix analysis, we further assess LISA’s capability to constrain the Proca mass from future EMRIs observations. We find that orbital eccentricity can improve estimation accuracy of parameters, making the vector mass
μ
become detectable for the case of
μ
=
0.02
. Correlation analysis further reveals strong positive dependencies between the Proca mass and intrinsic source parameters, indicating that improved measurement of these parameters directly tightens constraints on vector mass. These results demonstrate that high-eccentricity EMRIs observed by LISA offer a powerful channel to detect or constrain massive vector-field extensions of GR in the strong-field regime.
Journal Article
Bit threads and holographic entanglement of purification
A
bstract
The entanglement of purification (EoP), which measures the classical correlations and entanglement of a given mixed state, has been conjectured to be dual to the area of the minimal cross section of the entanglement wedge in holography. Using the surface-state correspondence, we propose a “bit thread” formulation of the EoP. With this formulation, proofs of some known properties of the EoP are performed. Moreover, we show that the quantum advantage of dense code (QAoDC), which reflects the increase in the rate of classical information transmission through quantum channel due to entanglement, also admits a flow interpretation. In this picture, we can prove the monogamy relation of QAoDC with the EoP for tripartite states. We also derive a new lower bound for
S
(
AB
) in terms of QAoDC, which is tighter than the one given by the Araki-Lieb inequality.
Journal Article