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"Fu, Yang-Yang"
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عقيدتي والآخر : \حكايات مسلمي هونغ كونغ\ : نثر
يتخذ هذا الكتاب مسلمي هونغ كونغ كخط أساسيا، حيث يصف مساجدهم ومنازلهم وأعيادهم وحياتهم اليومية وأسلوب معيشتهم، كما يناقش أيضا بعض الاختلافات بين مسلمي هونغ كونغ وسكان البر الرئيس للصين، ويلقي الضوء على عدد من مشاكلهم التي تسببها الاختلافات الثقافية والعرقية، وذلك عن طريق بعض الخواطر النثرية لهذا الكاتب الذي قضى بضع سنوات من حياته في هونغ كونغ.
Book
Phagocytosis checkpoints as new targets for cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapies targeting adaptive immune checkpoints have substantially improved patient outcomes across multiple metastatic and treatment-refractory cancer types. However, emerging studies have demonstrated that innate immune checkpoints, which interfere with the detection and clearance of malignant cells through phagocytosis and suppress innate immune sensing, also have a key role in tumour-mediated immune escape and might, therefore, be potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, preclinical studies and early clinical data have established the promise of targeting phagocytosis checkpoints, such as the CD47–signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) axis, either alone or in combination with other cancer therapies. In this Review, we highlight the current understanding of how cancer cells evade the immune system by disrupting phagocytic clearance and the effect of phagocytosis checkpoint blockade on induction of antitumour immune responses. Given the role of innate immune cells in priming adaptive immune responses, an improved understanding of the tumour-intrinsic processes that inhibit essential immune surveillance processes, such as phagocytosis and innate immune sensing, could pave the way for the development of highly effective combination immunotherapy strategies that modulate both innate and adaptive antitumour immune responses.
Journal Article
غبار تحت الشمس : قصص قصيرة
يعرض الكتاب بين دفتيه قصصا قصيرة لعادات الأقليات الصينية، وسلوكيات العائلات في المناسبات الدينية والاحتفالات الأخرى المختلفة، وتتباين فيها الشخصيات والزمان والمكان، لتضع القارئ أمام رسم أدبي يشرح حياة الأقليات الصينية المليئة بالتفاصيل والمفارقات. الكتاب من تأليف: يه شنغ فو، وترجمة عن الصينية.
Book
How and when spiritual leadership enhances employee innovative behavior
PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee innovative behavior by testing the mediating role of autonomous motivation and the moderating role of employee power distance orientation.Design/methodology/approachThe author predicted an indirect relationship between spiritual leadership and employee innovative behavior via autonomous motivation. Also, the author predicted the positive effect of spiritual leadership on employee innovative behavior will be stronger when employee power distance orientation is high. Hypotheses are tested with data gathered from 174 participants.FindingsResults showed that spiritual leadership was positively related to employee innovative behavior via autonomous motivation. And, the positive relationship between spiritual leadership and autonomous motivation was stronger when employee power distance orientation was high. Furthermore, the indirect effect of autonomous motivation was stronger when employee power distance orientation was high.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides a new theoretical perspective – self-determination theory – to test how and when spiritual leadership enhances employee innovative behavior by suggesting autonomous motivation as a mediator and employee power distance orientation as a boundary condition.Practical implicationsThe results of this research provide suggestions for leaders to adopt spiritual leadership as well as enhance interactions between them and employees to increase employee innovative behavior.Originality/valueThis study highlights the moderating role of employee power distance orientation and uses self-determination theory to examine how and when spiritual leadership plays a positive role.
Journal Article
التخفيف من حدة الفقر في الصين المعاصرة
استنادا إلى نظرة عامة على أوضاع الفقر، يقدم هذا الكتاب مسار التخفيف من حدة الفقر والتنمية في الصين، ويشرح نموذج التنمية والتخفي من حدة الفقر بخصائص صينية والتمسك بمباديء (سيطرة الحكومة ومشاركة المجتمع والاعتماد على الذات والتنمية الموجهة والتنمية الشاملة) كما يقدم الكتاب تلخيصا شاملا لإنجازات الصين العظيمة وخبراتها الهامة وإسهاماتها الرئيسية في قضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم، ويعرض بإيجاز نظرات وممارسات التخفيف المستهدف من الفقر في العصر الجديد من أجل توفير مراجع لكسب المعركة ضد الفقر في الصين وقضية التخفيف من حدة الفقر في العالم.
Book
Integrative network toxicology and molecular docking reveal 4-Nonylphenol’s multifaceted mechanisms in breast cancer pathogenesis
This study employs integrated network toxicology and molecular docking to investigate the molecular basis underlying 4-nonylphenol (4-NP)-mediated enhancement of breast cancer susceptibility.
We integrated data from multiple databases, including ChEMBL, STITCH, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, OMIM and TTD. Core compound-disease-associated target genes were identified through Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were subsequently employed to elucidate the potential molecular functions and biological pathways associated with these key targets. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina was conducted to investigate the binding interactions between the core genes and 4-NP. Furthermore, the miRDB database was utilized to identify potential microRNAs (miRNAs) that may exert regulatory control over the pivotal genes.
Five hub breast cancer target genes associated with 4-NP exposure were screened, containing TP53, HDAC1, ESR1, CTNNB1 and MYC. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that intersecting genes mainly influenced PI3K-Akt signaling, MicroRNAs in cancer, Chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation and MAPK signaling. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities of 4-NP to these hub genes. Subsequently several high-confidence candidate regulatory miRNAs especially miR-22, -148a, -181a and -152 were identified that shed light on miRNA regulatory mechanisms by which 4-NP increases breast cancer risk.
Our study demonstrates that 4-NP exposure perturbs protein conformational of hub targets, activating cascades and dysregulating signaling pathway to potentiate breast cancer risk. Furthermore, we identify a novel miRNA-mediated regulatory axis alongside MAPK signaling as critical mechanisms underpinning 4-NP toxicity.
Journal Article
Hybrid cellular membrane nanovesicles amplify macrophage immune responses against cancer recurrence and metastasis
Effectively activating macrophages against cancer is promising but challenging. In particular, cancer cells express CD47, a ‘don’t eat me’ signal that interacts with signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages to prevent phagocytosis. Also, cancer cells secrete stimulating factors, which polarize tumor-associated macrophages from an antitumor M1 phenotype to a tumorigenic M2 phenotype. Here, we report that hybrid cell membrane nanovesicles (known as hNVs) displaying SIRPα variants with significantly increased affinity to CD47 and containing M2-to-M1 repolarization signals can disable both mechanisms. The hNVs block CD47-SIRPα signaling axis while promoting M2-to-M1 repolarization within tumor microenvironment, significantly preventing both local recurrence and distant metastasis in malignant melanoma models. Furthermore, by loading a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, hNVs lead to potent tumor inhibition in a poorly immunogenic triple negative breast cancer model. hNVs are safe, stable, drug loadable, and suitable for genetic editing. These properties, combined with the capabilities inherited from source cells, make hNVs an attractive immunotherapy.
The application of STING agonists and the blockade of the SIRPα–CD47 signaling axis are emerging immunotherapeutic strategies. Here the authors show that hybrid cellular membrane nanovesicles loaded with a STING agonist or overexpressing high-affinity SIRPα variants can be exploited to promote anti-tumor immune responses.
Journal Article
Global, regional, and national burden of chronic respiratory diseases and associated risk factors, 1990–2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
The burden of chronic respiratory diseases has changed over the three decades. This study aims to describe the spatiotemporal trends of prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) due to chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) worldwide during 1990-2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019).
The prevalence, mortality, and DALY attributable to CRDs and risk factors from 1990 to 2019 were estimated. We also assessed the driving factors and potentiality for improvement with decomposition and frontier analyses, respectively.
In 2019, 454.56 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 417.35-499.14] million individuals worldwide had a CRD, showing a 39·8% increase compared with 1990. Deaths due to CRDs were 3.97 (95%UI: 3.58-4.30) million, and DALY in 2019 was 103.53 (95%UI: 94.79-112.27) million. Declines by average annual percent change (AAPC) were observed in age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR) (0.64% decrease), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) (1.92%), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) (1.72%) globally and in 5 socio-demographic index (SDI) regions. Decomposition analyses represented that the increase in overall CRDs DALY was driven by aging and population growth. However, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was the leading driver of increased DALY worldwide. Frontier analyses witnessed significant improvement opportunities at all levels of the development spectrum. Smoking remained a leading risk factor (RF) for mortality and DALY, although it showed a downward trend. Air pollution, a growing factor especially in relatively low SDI regions, deserves our attention.
Our study clarified that CRDs remain the leading causes of prevalence, mortality, and DALY worldwide, with growth in absolute numbers but declines in several age-standardized estimators since 1990. The estimated contribution of risk factors to mortality and DALY demands the need for urgent measures to improve them.
http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool.
Journal Article