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Giant exoplanets on wide orbits have been directly imaged around young stars. If the thermal background in the mid-infrared can be mitigated, then exoplanets with lower masses can also be imaged. Here we present a ground-based mid-infrared observing approach that enables imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars, and in particular within the closest stellar system, α Centauri. Based on 75–80% of the best quality images from 100 h of cumulative observations, we demonstrate sensitivity to warm sub-Neptune-sized planets throughout much of the habitable zone of α Centauri A. This is an order of magnitude more sensitive than state-of-the-art exoplanet imaging mass detection limits. We also discuss a possible exoplanet or exozodiacal disk detection around α Centauri A. However, an instrumental artifact of unknown origin cannot be ruled out. These results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging rocky habitable-zone exoplanets with current and upcoming telescopes. Imaging of low-mass exoplanets can be achieved once the thermal background in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelengths can be mitigated. Here, the authors present a ground-based MIR observing approach enabling imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars.

Giant exoplanets on wide orbits have been directly imaged around young stars. If the thermal background in the mid-infrared can be mitigated, then exoplanets with lower masses can also be imaged. Here we present a ground-based mid-infrared observing approach that enables imaging low-mass temperate exoplanets around nearby stars, and in particular within the closest stellar system, Alpha Centauri. Based on 75-80% of the best quality images from 100 hours of cumulative observations, we demonstrate sensitivity to warm sub-Neptune-sized planets throughout much of the habitable zone of Alpha Centauri A. This is an order of magnitude more sensitive than state-of-the-art exoplanet imaging mass detection limits. We also discuss a possible exoplanet or exozodiacal disk detection around Alpha Centauri A. However, an instrumental artifact of unknown origin cannot be ruled out. These results demonstrate the feasibility of imaging rocky habitable-zone exoplanets with current and upcoming telescopes.

A major endeavor of this decade is the direct characterization of young giant exoplanets at high spectral resolution to determine the composition of their atmosphere and infer their formation processes and evolution. Such a goal represents a major challenge owing to their small angular separation and luminosity contrast with respect to their parent stars. Instead of designing and implementing completely new facilities, it has been proposed to leverage the capabilities of existing instruments that offer either high contrast imaging or high dispersion spectroscopy, by coupling them using optical fibers. In this work we present the implementation and first on-sky results of the HiRISE instrument at the very large telescope (VLT), which combines the exoplanet imager SPHERE with the recently upgraded high resolution spectrograph CRIRES using single-mode fibers. The goal of HiRISE is to enable the characterization of known companions in the \\(H\\) band, at a spectral resolution of the order of \\(R = \\lambda/\\Delta\\lambda = 100\\,000\\), in a few hours of observing time. We present the main design choices and the technical implementation of the system, which is constituted of three major parts: the fiber injection module inside of SPHERE, the fiber bundle around the telescope, and the fiber extraction module at the entrance of CRIRES. We also detail the specific calibrations required for HiRISE and the operations of the instrument for science observations. Finally, we detail the performance of the system in terms of astrometry, temporal stability, optical aberrations, and transmission, for which we report a peak value of \\(\\sim\\)3.9% based on sky measurements in median observing conditions. Finally, we report on the first astrophysical detection of HiRISE to illustrate its potential.

The tip-tilt stabilisation system of the 1.8 m Auxiliary Telescopes of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer was never dimensioned for robust fringe tracking, except when atmospheric seeing conditions are excellent. Increasing the level of wavefront correction at the telescopes is expected to improve the coupling into the single-mode fibres of the instruments, and enable robust fringe tracking even in degraded conditions. We deployed a new adaptive optics module for interferometry (NAOMI) on the Auxiliary Telescopes. We present its design, performance, and effect on the observations that are carried out with the interferometric instruments.

Resumen Se describe aquí la posición social y jurídica que tuvo el inquilinus en Roma a través del análisis de las fuentes literarias, y también del derecho clásico romano, principalmente en contraposición con la noción del colonus. El aprovechamiento económico de un predio urbano era muy diferente al del predio rústico y justifica la diferenciación que los juristas clásicos romanos establecieron entre ambas nociones. También se propone aquí una explicación, basada en el análisis de las fuentes de época postclásica, de la radical degradación que experimentó la condición del inquilinus en el s. IV.

The joint analysis of the three serves to explain the operation of the two procedural exceptions that the non domino buyer could oppose against a possible claim by the seller: the exceptio in factum comparata vel doli mali and the exceptio rei venditae et traditae. Both served a single purpose, namely that the nonowner seller, even if he became owner after the initial a non domino sale, could never win with a claim action against the buyer. El idéntico supuesto de hecho que se plantea en estos es el siguiente: se celebró por Ticio una venta (por medio de traditio y con pago del precio) de un fundo que pertenecía a Sempronio, y luego el mismo Ticio, convertido en dueño por ser heredero de Sempronio, habiendo vendido el mismo fundo a un tercero (también por medio de traditio), lo reivindica del primer comprador. Pero no se puede olvidar que, sin embargo, el propio Ulpiano, en el mismo supuesto de hecho, dice que en la segunda venta Ticio ya había heredado de Sempronio.

Este libro recoge las ponencias que tuvieron lugar en la sede de la RAJYL de España durante el curso 2015/2016, todas ellas unidas por el tema común, consistente en la descripción de la vida y obra de un jurista de gran relevancia que murió precisamente por su condición de tal. Se describen especialmente las circunstancias de la muerte de cada uno, por las que pueden ser considerados mártires por la justicia. El elenco de juristas estudiados es amplísimo, y arranca desde el s. VII a.C. con Licurgo, pasando por juristas romanos, medievales, de la ilustración, de la época moderna y, en mayor número, contemporáneos, españoles y extranjeros.La obra tiene especial interés tanto por la relevancia de los juristas estudiados, como por el hecho de que todos los autores son a la vez eminentes juristas, pertenecientes al mundo académico. [Texto de la editorial]