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Background: Clozapine and olanzapine are highly associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome resulting in lower functional outcomes, poorer quality of life and non-compliance to treatment. Objective: The current study examined the rate of assessment of metabolic syndrome parameters in patients on olanzapine attending Almasarrah Hospital in Muscat. Methods: Patients starting olanzapine between January 2014 and May 2015 were recruited to the study, which is based on the retrospective revision of cases gathered from medical records over a period of 18 months. Patients aged 18 years or above, who were prescribed olanzapine and had five or more hospital visits were included. Demographics included physical health parameters with regards to metabolic syndrome, namely blood pressure, weight, fasting blood sugar level and lipid profile. Results were compared to the ADA-APA monitoring protocol for patients on second generation antipsychotics. Results: N=46 patients met study inclusion criteria. No gender difference was identified. Most (74%) were between 21 and 40 years of age with 50% diagnosed with schizophrenia; 50% did not have a baseline lipid profile and 30% had blood sugar levels checked prior to olanzapine therapy. The majority (97%) had blood pressure and weight measured at baseline and follow-up. Overall, none of the patients matched the full standards of the ADA-APA protocol. Conclusion: Screening for metabolic syndrome among patient prescribed olanzapine in Almasarrah Hospital is behind international standards. This is especially true for lipid profile and fasting blood sugar level parameters. Findings are consistent with similar studies. Further studies should assess factors contributing to suboptimal monitoring of olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome.

To explore paediatric complications of female genital mutilation (FGM), 255 consecutive girls aged 4-9 years presenting to an emergency ward in Sudan were included in this clinical study. Full examination, including inspection of genitalia, was performed. Dipsticks for nitrite and leucocytes were used to diagnose suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Girls with a form of FGM narrowing vulva had significantly more UTI than others, and among girls below the age of seven there was a significant association between FGM and UTI. Only 8% of girls diagnosed as having UTI reported urogenital symptoms. In spite of the fact that 73% of the girls subjected to FGM were reported to have been bedridden for one week or more after the operation, only 10% stated immediate complications. We conclude that FGM contributes significantly to morbidity among girls, a large share of which does not come to medical attention. (Afr J Reprod Health 2005; 9[2]: 118-124) Afin d'explorer les complications de la mutilation génitale féminine (MGF), nous avons inclu dans cette étude clinique les filles consécutives âgées de 4 à 9 ans qui viennent au service des urgences au Soudan. On a fait passer un examen compréhensif y compris l'inspection des organes génitaux. Le diagnositic de la suspicion de l'infection urinaire (IU) a été fait à l'aide de la jauge pour les nitrites et les leucocytes. Les filles qui avaient une sorte de vulve qui a été pincé par la MGF avaient beaucoup plus de IU que les autres. Parmi les filles âgées de moins de sept ans, il y avait un lien important entre MGF et IU. Il n'y avait que 8% des filles qui avaient les symptômes de l'infection urogénitale. Malgré le fait que 73% des filles qui avaient la MGF ont été alitées pendant une semaine ou plus après l'opération chirurgicale, seules 10% avaient affirmé des complications immédiates. Nous concluons que la MGF contribue de manière importante à la morbidité chez les filles et qu'une grande majorité des cas ne viennent pas à l'hôpital. (Rev Afr Santé Reprod 2005; 9[2]: 118-124)

Purpose To reach a consensus among obstetrics and gynecology experts on the effects of micronutrient supplementation on fertility and pregnancy to aid clinicians in decision-making and create a unified approach to managing micronutrient deficiencies in women, by performing a modified Delphi study. Methods A three-round modified Delphi process was conducted among a Delphi panel of 38 Egyptian experts to define recommendations regarding the role of supplementation on fertility and pregnancy in women of reproductive age. A literature review was performed and supporting evidence was graded to help guide the recommendations based on available evidence. Results A total of 62 statements were developed for discussion and voting. Out of the 62 statements, 60 statements reached expert consensus. Statements were divided into two domains. The first domain discussed the role of supplementation in fertility: optimizing natural fertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI), unexplained infertility, and endometriosis, whereas the second domain was concerned with the role of supplementation in pregnancy during the prenatal, antenatal, and postnatal periods. Conclusion In this work, a modified Delphi methodology was implemented to reach a consensus on the use of micronutrient supplementation in women of reproductive age. These recommendations can help clinicians in their practice, guide future research, and identify gaps in the market for the pharmaceutical industry. This clinical guidance can be extrapolated to similar communities.