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Microwave (MW) pre-treatment of canola seeds or flaked seeds was found to be a superior alternative to the conventional thermal pre-treatment (steam). Flaked seeds were “cooked” (heat-treated) with steam or using microwave treatments in the temperature range of 62–130 °C prior to expeller pressing. Microwave cooking at 100 °C resulted in the highest increase in the pressed oil yield, which is an increase of 3.7% (w/w) on a pressed oil basis or 9.0% (oil in seed basis) compared with steam cooking. Whole canola seeds conditioning was conducted with microwaves or steam, in the temperature range of 40–75 °C, followed by microwave or steam cooking at 100 °C to evaluate the effect of MW treatment during conditioning on the expeller oil yield. The use of a continuous microwave process for combined conditioning of whole seeds at 55 °C and subsequent cooking of flaked seeds at 100 °C resulted in a 4.0% increase in expeller oil yield, compared with steam conditioning and cooking. The influence of dry basis (db %) moisture contents of 5%, 11.5%, and 16.5% on oil yield after steam or MW treatments of seeds and flaked seeds was also studied. The moisture content of 11.5% (db %) yielded the highest net oil yield for both MW and steam at best conditioning and cooking temperatures of 55 °C and 100 °C, respectively. No significant impact of MW cooking was seen on oil quality compared with conventional steam cooking.

Background Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a significant contributor to renal dysfunction, acute kidney injury (AKI), and associated morbidity and mortality. Resveratrol, a polyphenol and phytoalexin, is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. This study investigates the nephroprotective potential of resveratrol in a rat model of renal IRI. Materials and methods Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Sham , IRI , DMSO , and Resveratrol . The Sham group underwent identical procedures without renal pedicle clamping, while the IRI group experienced 30 min of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. The DMSO group received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia, and the Resveratrol group received 30 mg/kg resveratrol intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia. Biochemical parameters (Urea, creatinine, IL-1β, NF-κβ, SOD, GSH, Bcl-2, and caspase-3) and histopathological changes were assessed. Results IRI caused a substantial increase in serum creatinine, Urea, IL-1β, NF-κβ, and caspase-3 levels, while simultaneously decreasing SOD, GSH, and Bcl-2 levels. Resveratrol treatment mitigated these effects by lowering inflammatory and apoptotic markers, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and improving histological outcomes. Conclusion Resveratrol demonstrates significant nephroprotective effects in renal IRI, primarily through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is often linked to overweight and obesity. However, a significant number of individuals with MAFLD are not obese, commonly referred to as lean MAFLD. This study aims to investigate the potential risk factors for fibrosis among lean individuals with MAFLD compared to those who are overweight or obese. The study included 7902 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected between 2017 and March 2020. MAFLD was defined in individuals with steatosis who were either overweight, diabetic, or lean and had at least two metabolic risk abnormalities. Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data, along with elastography results, were reported for each subject. Lean patients with MAFLD were significantly older (62.3 ± 13.8 years) compared to overweight or obese patients with MAFLD (51.7 ± 16.7 years; p  < 0.001). Several factors were identified as predictors of significant fibrosis within the MAFLD population, including increasing age, BMI, ALT levels, alkaline phosphatase levels, lower platelet counts, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, and the presence of diabetes. In a multivariate logistic analysis of significant fibrosis (F > 2) in patients with obese MAFLD, female gender, diabetes, and hypertension were identified as risk factors. For lean individuals with MAFLD, older age, high AST levels, and lower platelet counts were found to be significant predictors of fibrosis. MAFLD among lean individuals is not a benign condition; those with metabolic dysfunction are at risk of developing fibrosis. The risk factors for fibrosis in these individuals may differ from those in their obese counterparts.