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In the article titled “Dry CO2–CO Fluid as an Important Potential Deep Earth Solvent” [1], the authors mistakenly presented molar fractions for CO2 instead of CO in the subsection “Fluid in Albite Glass” of the Experimental Results section. Therefore, the second sentence in the sixth paragraph of the subsection, “These calculations showed XN2 = 0.043, 0.048, 0.051 in the fluids where XCO2 = 0.154, 0.164, 0.062 respectively”, should be corrected to “These calculations showed XN2=0.043, 0.048, and 0.051 in the fluids where XCO=0.154, 0.164, and 0.062, respectively”.

The intrachannel interaction of pulses in weakly nonlinear coherent optical fiber lines is theoretically investigated. It is shown that the main contribution to the perturbation of the optical field comes from resonant interactions of ordered triplets of pulses. The structure of triplets is determined. The weight contributions of such interactions are calculated. A classification of interactions using Löschian numbers is proposed. Using computer simulation, the dependence of the average energy of the optical field perturbations on the distance is shown. Based on the performed analysis, an effective algorithm is proposed for assessing the perturbations resulting from intrachannel interaction.

In modern environments, pore water geochemistry and modelling simulations allow the study of methane (CH 4 ) sources and sinks at any geographic location. However, reconstructing CH 4 dynamics in geological records is challenging. Here, we show that the benthic foraminiferal δ 34 S can be used to reconstruct the flux (i.e., diffusive vs. advective) and timing of CH 4 emissions in fossil records. We measured the δ 34 S of Cassidulina neoteretis specimens from selected samples collected at Vestnesa Ridge, a methane cold seep site in the Arctic Ocean. Our results show lower benthic foraminiferal δ 34 S values (∼20‰) in the sample characterized by seawater conditions, whereas higher values (∼25–27‰) were measured in deeper samples as a consequence of the presence of past sulphate-methane transition zones. The correlation between δ 34 S and the bulk benthic foraminiferal δ 13 C supports this interpretation, whereas the foraminiferal δ 18 O-δ 34 S correlation indicates CH 4 advection at the studied site during the Early Holocene and the Younger-Dryas – post-Bølling. This study highlights the potential of the benthic foraminiferal δ 34 S as a novel tool to reconstruct the flux of CH 4 emissions in geological records and to indirectly date fossil seeps.

Trace element and 87Sr/86Sr isotope analyses of fish pectoral fin rays offer non-destructive methods for determining habitat use. In this study, water and fin ray samples were analyzed for Gulf Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi from the Choctawhatchee River Basin (FL and AL, USA) and compared with reference samples from Atlantic Sturgeon A. o. oxyrinchus held at controlled salinities (0, 10, 33 ppt). Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, with a multi-collector for 87Sr/86Sr. In water, Sr, Ba, Mn and Zn differed between freshwater and saline habitats, with increases in Sr and decreases in Ba, Mn and Zn. 87Sr/86Sr decreased upstream to downstream with lowest values in saline habitats. In the reference study, water trace element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr corresponded to those in pectoral fin rays. 87Sr/86Sr was higher in pectoral fin ray than water, due to influence of diet, which differed with salinity. In wild fish, trace elements in pectoral fin rays indicated freshwater emigration to saline habitats primarily occurred in the second to third growth zone with some heterogeneity in the population (4% <0.3 years, 39% 0.5–1.3 years, 39% 1.5–2.3 years, 17% 2.5–3.3 years). Analyses of 87Sr/86Sr indicated initial locations of Gulf Sturgeon were in the middle river, with few fish in the upper or lower river. Most (74%) juvenile Gulf Sturgeon utilized more than one river region prior to freshwater emigration and 48% moved upstream temporarily based on increased 87Sr/86Sr. After initial freshwater emigration, fish utilized lower-river to saline habitats. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the usefulness of trace element and 87Sr/86Sr analyses in sturgeon pectoral fin rays.

We consider the coupled forward and backward waves propagating in two dimensional array of waveguide, which are featured by a positive and negative refraction indexes. The existence of the flat band under certain conditions is demonstrated.

Electromagnetic field scattering on a 2D array of rf-SQUIDs is considered. We show that the scattering changes for large amplitudes of the incident electromagnetic wave; above a critical amplitude, two different refraction states occur (bistability). In particular, for these two states, the transmitted wave polarization and angle of refraction are different. One could then switch the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave and its polarization with a “thin film”, whose thickness is much smaller than the wavelength.

Current paper represents the results of viscosity and density measurements of vacuum oils for diffusion vacuum pumps. Vacuum oil samples are represented by the following brands: VM-1S, LEYBONOL LVO 500 and Alcarin-D24. All the measurements have been carried out at atmospheric pressure: viscosity has been measured by the capillary method in the temperature range from 293 K to 373 K, and density has been measured by the pycnometer and hydrostatic weighing methods in the temperature range from 293 K to 473 K.

Transport properties of reduced carbonic fluid have been studied experimentally at P = 2 kbar and T = 700–1000°C in internally heated pressure vessel (IHPV). Synthetic FeCO3 and natural siderite were used to generate fluid during experiments using a platinum double‐capsule technique. A natural CaTiSiO5 aggregate was placed into the inner capsule as an additional source of trace elements. The outer capsule was loaded with albite glass. No water was introduced to the system and oxygen fugacity was established near to graphite–oxygen (CCO) buffer due to transformation of FeCO3 into a magnetite aggregate during decarbonation to yield CO and CO2. The carbonates decomposed during initial heating of the experiments, causing their some constituent components to be dissolved in and transferred by the fluid to the pore space of the albite glass matrix. After temperature reached 1000°C glass, the shards annealed and then melted, as evidenced by a vesiculated glass in the quench products. Micro‐Raman investigation of the fluid in bubbles in the albite glass in experiments with decomposition of natural siderite yielded CO–CO2 mixture where CO mole fraction was 0.15–0.16. We observe significant concentrations of Pt, Mn, P, and REE in the albite glass; in contrast, no Fe or Mg transfer was detected. LA‐ICP‐MS analysis of the albite glass product yielded the average Pt content of 2 ppm. Such high Pt signal came from Pt particles (100–500 nm in size), which were observed on the walls of the bubbles embedded in the glass. Olivines and aluminous spinel were observed in the Fe‐oxide aggregate, demonstrating transfer of SiO2 and Al2O3 from the albite melt by the reduced carbonic fluid from the albite glass (large capsule). Our results demonstrate that dry CO–CO2 fluid can be important agents of dissolution and transport, especially for Pt and other metals. The data imply that metals are chiefly dissolved as carbonyl complexes. Correction(s) for this article: Corrigendum to \"Dry CO2–CO fluid as an important potential deep Earth solvent\".

We experimentally demonstrate feasibility of simultaneous use of Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) formats (orthogonal modulation) using injection-locked semiconductor laser. Experimental study shows significant improvement of the bit-error-rate (BER) and doubling of the system capacity.

We consider the coupled electromagnetic waves propagating in a nonlinear medium, which is featured by a positive and negative refraction indexes. The backward waves can be propagating in this case. The example of the true soliton is discussed. In general case the coupled forward and backward solitary wave can be found. They are analogues to the optical solitons.