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PosturePose: Optimized Posture Analysis for Semi-Supervised Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation
One motivation for studying semi-supervised techniques for human pose estimation is to compensate for the lack of variety in curated 3D human pose datasets by combining labeled 3D pose data with readily available unlabeled video data—effectively, leveraging the annotations of the former and the rich variety of the latter to train more robust pose estimators. In this paper, we propose a novel, fully differentiable posture consistency loss that is unaffected by camera orientation and improves monocular human pose estimators trained with limited labeled 3D pose data. Our semi-supervised monocular 3D pose framework combines biomechanical pose regularization with a multi-view posture (and pose) consistency objective function. We show that posture optimization was effective at decreasing pose estimation errors when applied to a 2D–3D lifting network (VPose3D) and two well-studied datasets (H36M and 3DHP). Specifically, the proposed semi-supervised framework with multi-view posture and pose loss lowered the mean per-joint position error (MPJPE) of leading semi-supervised methods by up to 15% (−7.6 mm) when camera parameters of unlabeled poses were provided. Without camera parameters, our semi-supervised framework with posture loss improved semi-supervised state-of-the-art methods by 17% (−15.6 mm decrease in MPJPE). Overall, our pose models compete favorably with other high-performing pose models trained under similar conditions with limited labeled data.
Journal Article
روسيا والولايات المتحدة : الدبلوماسية الإلكترونية : الطريق لفتح الأبواب
لم تتمكن روسيا الاتحادية والولايات المتحدة من تأسيس فهم مشترك في مجال دبلوماسيتها الثنائية حول معظم جوانب الأمن الإلكتروني، فعلى الرغم من إعلان 1998 الذي يؤكد على الرغبة المشتركة لقيادة عملية الاستجابة العلمية لتحديات الأمن الإلكتروني، فإن البلدين عملا وتصرفا على أنهما أعداء يحرسون الأسرار الوطنية الأمنية الحساسة بدلا من كونهما حلفاء يلتزمون بحماية المصالح المشتركة في الاقتصاد العالمي الرقمي والشبكة العالمية المترابطة اجتماعيا وعلى ضوء ذلك يقدم هذا الكتاب دراسة بعنوان \"روسيا والولايات المتحدة\" ويتناول الموضوع في أحد عشر محورا : (من حرب التجسس والحرب الإلكترونية إلى الدبلوماسية الإلكترونية، المنهجين المتناقضين في مجال الأمن الإلكتروني، ما الذي يمكن توقعه، التدابير العلمية الأربعة المهمة، تكنولوجيا البنية التحتية الرئيسة العامة، مجموعة الثماني والتعاون في مجال الجريمة الإلكترونية، قانون الحرب الإلكترونية ومنظمة الأمن والتعاون الأوربية، روسيا الاتحادية وحلف شمال الأطلسي، الحضور الإلكتروني الأمريكي في أوروبا، المناورات والتبادل العسكري الإلكتروني والخطوط الأخرى للعمل)
BOOK
Weakly Supervised 2D Pose Adaptation and Body Part Segmentation for Concealed Object Detection
Weakly supervised pose estimation can be used to assist unsupervised body part segmentation and concealed item detection. The accuracy of pose estimation is essential for precise body part segmentation and accurate concealed item detection. In this paper, we show how poses obtained from an RGB pretrained 2D pose detector can be modified for the backscatter image domain. The 2D poses are refined using RANSAC bundle adjustment to minimize the projection loss in 3D. Furthermore, we show how 2D poses can be optimized using a newly proposed 3D-to-2D pose correction network weakly supervised with pose prior regularizers and multi-view pose and posture consistency losses. The optimized 2D poses are used to segment human body parts. We then train a body-part-aware anomaly detection network to detect foreign (concealed threat) objects on segmented body parts. Our work is applied to the TSA passenger screening dataset containing millimeter wave scan images of airport travelers annotated with only binary labels that indicate whether a foreign object is concealed on a body part. Our proposed approach significantly improves the detection accuracy of TSA 2D backscatter images in existing works with a state-of-the-art performance of 97% F1-score, 0.0559 log-loss on the TSA-PSD test-set, and a 74% reduction in 2D pose error.
Journal Article
Combining Riesz bases
We show that any finite union of intervals supports a Riesz basis of exponentials.
Journal Article
Sensitivity of mixing times of Cayley graphs
We show that the total variation mixing time is not quasi-isometry invariant, even for Cayley graphs. Namely, we construct a sequence of pairs of Cayley graphs with maps between them that twist the metric in a bounded way, while the ratio of the two mixing times goes to infinity. The Cayley graphs serving as an example have unbounded degrees. For non-transitive graphs, we construct bounded degree graphs for which the mixing time from the worst starting point for one graph is asymptotically smaller than the mixing time from the best starting point of the random walk on a network obtained by increasing some of the edge weights from 1 to$1+o(1)$.
Journal Article
Irreducibility of random polynomials: general measures
Let μ be a probability measure on ℤ that is not a Dirac mass and that has finite support. We prove that if the coefficients of a monic polynomial f(x)∈Z[x] of degree n are chosen independently at random according to μ while ensuring that f(0)≠0, then there is a positive constant θ=θ(μ) such that f(x) has no divisors of degree ≤θn with probability that tends to 1 as n→∞.Furthermore, in certain cases, we show that a random polynomial f(x) with f(0)≠0 is irreducible with probability tending to 1 as n→∞. In particular, this is the case if μ is the uniform measure on a set of at least 35 consecutive integers, or on a subset of [−H,H]∩Z of cardinality ≥H4/5(logH)2 with H sufficiently large. In addition, in all of these settings, we show that the Galois group of f(x) is either An or Sn with high probability.Finally, when μ is the uniform measure on a finite arithmetic progression of at least two elements, we prove a random polynomial f(x) as above is irreducible with probability ≥δ for some constant δ=δ(μ)>0. In fact, if the arithmetic progression has step 1, we prove the stronger result that the Galois group of f(x) is An or Sn with probability ≥δ.
Journal Article
Induced point mutations in the phytoene synthase 1 gene cause differences in carotenoid content during tomato fruit ripening
In tomato, carotenoids are important with regard to major breeding traits such as fruit colour and human health. The enzyme phytoene synthase (PSY1) directs metabolic flux towards carotenoid synthesis. Through TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes), we have identified two point mutations in the
Psy1
gene. The first mutation is a knockout allele (W180*) and the second mutation leads to an amino acid substitution (P192L). Plants carrying the
Psy1
knockout allele show fruit with a yellow flesh colour similar to the
r, r
mutant, with no further change in colour during ripening. In the line with P192L substitution, fruit remain yellow until 3 days post-breaker and eventually turn red. Metabolite profiling verified the absence of carotenoids in the W180* line and thereby confirms that PSY1 is the only enzyme introducing substrate into the carotenoid pathway in ripening fruit. More subtle effects on carotenoid accumulation were observed in the P192L line with a delay in lycopene and β-carotene accumulation clearly linked to a very slow synthesis of phytoene. The observation of lutein degradation with ripening in both lines showed that lutein and its precursors are still synthesised in ripening fruit. Gene expression analysis of key genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis revealed that expression levels of genes in the pathway are not feedback-regulated by low levels or absence of carotenoid compounds. Furthermore, protein secondary structure modelling indicated that the P192L mutation affects PSY1 activity through misfolding, leading to the low phytoene accumulation.
Journal Article
Implementation of two high through-put techniques in a novel application: detecting point mutations in large EMS mutated plant populations
Background
The establishment of mutant populations together with the strategies for targeted mutation detection has been applied successfully to a large number of organisms including many species in the plant kingdom. Considerable efforts have been invested into research on tomato as a model for berry-fruit plants. With the progress of the tomato sequencing project, reverse genetics becomes an obvious and achievable goal.
Results
Here we describe the treatment of
Solanum lycopersicum
seeds with 1% EMS and the development of a new mutated tomato population. To increase targeted mutant detection throughput an automated seed DNA extraction has been combined with novel mutation detection platforms for TILLING in plants. We have adapted two techniques used in human genetic diagnostics: Conformation Sensitive Capillary Electrophoresis (CSCE) and High Resolution DNA Melting Analysis (HRM) to mutation screening in DNA pools. Classical TILLING involves critical and time consuming steps such as endonuclease digestion reactions and gel electrophoresis runs. Using CSCE or HRM, the only step required is a simple PCR before either capillary electrophoresis or DNA melting curve analysis. Here we describe the development of a mutant tomato population, the setting up of two polymorphism detection platforms for plants and the results of the first screens as mutation density in the populations and estimation of the false-positives rate when using HRM to screen DNA pools.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that CSCE and HRM are fast, affordable and sensitive techniques for mutation detection in DNA pools and therefore allow the rapid identification of new allelic variants in a mutant population. Results from the first screens indicate that the mutagen treatment has been effective with an average mutation detection rate per diploid genome of 1.36 mutation/kb/1000 lines.
Journal Article
The Alexander-Orbach conjecture holds in high dimensions
We examine the incipient infinite cluster (IIC) of critical percolation in regimes where mean-field behavior has been established, namely when the dimension
d
is large enough or when
d
>6 and the lattice is sufficiently spread out. We find that random walk on the IIC exhibits anomalous diffusion with the spectral dimension
, that is,
p
t
(
x
,
x
)=
t
−2/3+
o
(1)
. This establishes a conjecture of Alexander and Orbach (J. Phys. Lett. (Paris) 43:625–631,
1982
). En route we calculate the one-arm exponent with respect to the intrinsic distance.
Journal Article