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Cereals, in addition to being a major ingredient in daily meals, also play a role in the preparation of foodstuffs for ritual purposes. This paper deals with finds that may correspond to such ritual preparations retrieved from the hillfort site of Stillfried an der March. The site, spreading across an area of ca. 23 ha, held a very important position among settlements of Late Urnfield period (particularly during the 10th- 9th c. BCE), acting as a central place where large scale storage of grain as well as textile and metal production took place under the control of local elites. Three incomplete ring-shaped charred organic objects, found together with 14 rings and ring fragments made of clay were discovered in a secondary filled silo pit, excavated among a total of about 100 pits of this kind at the site. The overall good state of preservation of the organic ring fragments suggests that they were deposited intact on the bottom of the pit and covered well so that no re-deposition or damage occurred. This could be indicate their intentional placement in this position. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the charred organic rings are cereal products containing hulled barley and a wheat species. Indications that the objects were shaped from a wet cereal mixture and had been subsequently dried without baking are discussed, as well as the possible significance of the find assemblage. The annular objects are put in context with the contemporary cereal spectrum as well as other cereal preparations from Stillfried, outlining their different chaînes opératoires for handling cereal food.

IntroductionIt is unclear whether routine testing of women for group B streptococcus (GBS) colonisation either in late pregnancy or during labour reduces early-onset neonatal sepsis, compared with a risk factor-based strategy.Methods and analysisCluster randomised trial.Sites and participants320 000 women from up to 80 hospital maternity units.StrategiesSites will be randomised 1:1 to a routine testing strategy or the risk factor-based strategy, using a web-based minimisation algorithm. A second-level randomisation allocates routine testing sites to either antenatal enriched culture medium testing or intrapartum rapid testing. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis will be offered if a test is positive for GBS, or if a maternal risk factor for early-onset GBS infection in her baby is identified before or during labour. Economic and acceptability evaluations will be embedded within the trial design.OutcomesThe primary outcome is all-cause early (<7 days of birth) neonatal sepsis, defined as either a positive blood/cerebrospinal fluid culture, early neonatal death from infection or a negative/unknown culture status with ≥3 agreed clinical signs or symptoms, who receive intravenous antibiotics ≥5 days. All women giving birth ≥24 weeks’ gestation, regardless of mode of birth, and all her babies will be included in the dataset. Cost-effectiveness will be expressed in terms of incremental cost per case of early neonatal sepsis avoided and incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year associated with each strategy.Ethics and disseminationThe trial received a favourable opinion from Derby Research Ethics Committee on 16 September 2019 (19/EM/0253). The allocated testing strategy will be adopted as standard clinical practice by the site. Women in the routine testing sites will give verbal consent for the test. The trial will use routinely collected data retrieved from National Health Service databases, supplemented with limited participant-level collection of process outcomes. Individual written consent will not be sought. The trial results, and parallel economic, qualitative, implementation and methodological results, will be published in the journal Health Technology Assessment.Trial registration number ISRCTN49639731.

Precision medicine can significantly improve outcomes for patients with cancer, but implementation requires comprehensive characterization of tumor cells to identify therapeutically exploitable vulnerabilities. Here, we describe somatic biallelic TET2 mutations in an elderly patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that was chemoresistant to anthracycline and cytarabine but acutely sensitive to 5'-azacitidine (5'-Aza) hypomethylating monotherapy, resulting in long-term morphological remission. Given the role of TET2 as a regulator of genomic methylation, we hypothesized that mutant TET2 allele dosage affects response to 5'-Aza. Using an isogenic cell model system and an orthotopic mouse xenograft, we demonstrate that biallelic TET2 mutations confer sensitivity to 5'-Aza compared with cells with monoallelic mutations. Our data argue in favor of using hypomethylating agents for chemoresistant disease or as first-line therapy in patients with biallelic TET2-mutated AML and demonstrate the importance of considering mutant allele dosage in the implementation of precision medicine for patients with cancer.

We examined the successional community of insect fauna on exposed carrion in shade and sun in the Boreal Forest Region of Canada, near Edmonton, Alberta, over a 3-year period. This paper focuses on results obtained in the final year of study. Recently killed pigs (Sus domesticus L.) were clothed and placed in direct sunlight or shade on 18 and 20 May 1999. There was no difference in start time or duration of decomposition stages between the two habitats. Species abundance differed between the sun and shade habitats for Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-desvoidy) larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Necrobia sp. adults (Coleoptera: Cleridae), Catops basilaris Say adults (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), Onthophagus nuchicornis (L.) adults (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Heterosilpha ramosa (Say) adults and larvae (Coleoptera: Silphidae), Creophilus maxillosus (L.) adults (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), and Ontholestes cingulatus (Gravenhorst) adults and larvae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The orders Diptera and Coleoptera were important components of all communities and had the greatest diversity at both the family and the species level throughout succession. Overall species abundance within families was greater in the sun habitat than in the shade. Similar species dominated the sun and shade carcasses during early succession, but dominance was not clearly evident later in succession. Nous avons examiné durant une période de 3 ans la succession des communautés d'insectes sur de la charogne exposée à l'ombre ou au soleil dans la région de la forêt boréale du Canada, près d'Edmonton, Alberta. Nous présentons principalement les résultats de la dernière année de l'étude. Le 18 et le 20 mai 1999, nous avons recouvert de vêtements des cochons domestiques (Sus domesticus L.) fraîchement tués et les avons placés soit en plein soleil, soit à l'ombre. Il n'y a pas de différence temporelle dans le début ni la durée des divers stades de décomposition dans les deux habitats. L'abondance des espèces diffère entre les habitats d'ensoleillement et d'ombre en ce qui regarde les larves de Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-desvoidy) (Diptera : Calliphoridae), les adultes de Necrobia sp. (Coleoptera : Cleridae), les adultes de Catops basilaris Say (Coleoptera : Leiodidae), les adultes de Onthophagus nuchicornis (L.) (Coleoptera : Scarabaeidae), les adultes et les larves de Heterosilpha ramosa (Say) (Coleoptera : Silphidae), les adultes de Creophilus maxillosus (L.) (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae) et les adultes et les larves d'Ontholestescingulatus (Gravenhorst) (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae). Les diptères et les coléoptères sont des composantes importantes de toutes les communautés et possèdent la diversité la plus grande, tant au niveau des familles que des espèces tout au cours de la succession. Le nombre global d'espèces dans les familles est plus élevé dans l'habitat ensoleillé que dans l'habitat d'ombre. Des espèces semblables prédominent dans les carcasses à l'ombre et au soleil au début de la succession, mais la dominance est moins claire plus tard dans le processus. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

We report on scientific analyses of the only well-preserved ancient human body ever recovered from a North American glacier. The body was found high in the mountains of northwest British Columbia at about 80 km from the nearest point of the strongly indented coast of southern Alaska. The geographical location suggests that the young man, aged about 20 years, could have lived either on the mild coast or in the continental interior. Preliminary environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and light microscope studies of the contents of the digestive tract reveal pollen of an intertidal salt-marsh plant and pieces of a marine crustacean. Remains of coastal zone plants (a fruit of a flowering plant and a needle of a coniferous tree) had adhered to the deceased's robe. Stable isotope analyses of bone and muscle show that more than 90% of the dietary protein was from marine sources. We conclude that this individual had strong coastal connections during his life and had been on the coast shortly before he died about 550 to 600 years ago.

ISBN 0-86505-956-X (pbk.), ISBN 0-86505-979-9 ISBN 0-86505-955-1 (pbk.), ISBN 0-86505-978-0 ISBN 0-86505-893-8 (pbk.), ISBN 0-86505-881-4