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Objective: As one of the most valuable genetic resources of Ongole beef cattle globally, the Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle population is being studied in this investigation of myostatin (MSTN) gene polymorphism and its association with growth traits. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 161 SO cattle were collected and analyzed. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated. The DNA was electrophoresed and extracted, and finally, the annealing temperature was optimized, followed by amplification and sequencing. Next, we used a Basic local alignment search tool to assess the sequencing data. Results: The analysis revealed 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MSTN gene in this region that showed genetic variation. Two SNPs, c.424 G > A, and c.467 G > C, were found to be significantly associated with SO cattle phenotypes of wither height, heart girth, and hip height (p < 0.05) but not with body weight or body length (p > 0.05). Conclusion: As a result of our findings, the MSTN gene polymorphism and its correlation with growth traits in SO cattle may be employed as a candidate marker in SO cattle and other beef cattle breeds.

Camplong II is one of the villages in the Kupang regency dominated by cattle farmers with limited knowledge and skill in managing animal waste. These farmers have the habit of burning organic material that can be used as a fertilizer source, which adversely affects the environment. Therefore, this study aims to improve the knowledge and skills of farmers by training them to make organic fertilizer from a natural compound such as animal manure. Furthermore, the purpose of implementing this community service is to manufacture organic bokashi using organic fertilizers and vegetable products. Other important aspects affecting this community are the level of education, the role of farmers, and the source of information. The result showed that community service activities have provided positive benefits on organic fertilizer and skills in the form of increased knowledge by producing bokashi fertilizer. The final product has benefited from improving household income for farmers in Camplong II village in Kupang, NTT.

Genetic diversity is a crucial resource in livestock, determining their traits and ability to respond to selection. Indonesian cattle are unique due to their history of admixture involving both zebu ( Bos indicus ) and banteng ( B. javanicus ), and may therefore contain novel cattle genetic resources. We generated whole genome sequences from 126 Indonesian cattle, 51 domesticated banteng and three captive banteng. We show that Indonesian cattle have very high genetic diversity, especially the Madura breed due to introgression from banteng and possibly other Bos species, contributing up to 36.6% of the Madura’s genome. We find that Indonesian zebu ancestry can be traced to at least three distinct ancestral populations, two of which were introduced more than 1345 years ago from mainland Southeast or eastern Asia. Peaks and valleys in banteng ancestry across the genome in admixed breeds suggest that both negative and positive selection act on introgressed haplotypes. Despite adaptive introgression being mainly breed-specific, we found evidence that some phenotypes, such as coat color, have experienced convergent adaptive introgression. Overall, our results provide insights into the historical movement of cattle in Asia, and showcase the potential for genetic improvement of cattle by identifying ~3.5 million novel SNPs introgressed into Indonesian cattle. Indonesian cattle are unique due to their history of admixture involving both zebu and banteng. Here, Wang et al. identify ~3.5 million novel introgressed SNP variants and provide a genomic map of banteng introgression within and across many cattle breeds, each with unique introgression histories.