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"Gaines, I"
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Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm
We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, \\(a_\\mu \\equiv (g_\\mu - 2)/2\\), from the Fermilab Muon \\(g\\!-\\!2\\) Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, \\(\\tilde{\\omega}'^{}_p\\), and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, \\(\\omega_a\\). From the ratio \\(\\omega_a / \\tilde{\\omega}'^{}_p\\), together with precisely determined external parameters, we determine \\(a_\\mu = 116\\,592\\,057(25) \\times 10^{-11}\\) (0.21 ppm). Combining this result with our previous result from the 2018 data, we obtain \\(a_\\mu\\text{(FNAL)} = 116\\,592\\,055(24) \\times 10^{-11}\\) (0.20 ppm). The new experimental world average is \\(a_\\mu (\\text{Exp}) = 116\\,592\\,059(22)\\times 10^{-11}\\) (0.19 ppm), which represents a factor of 2 improvement in precision.
Paper
Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 127 ppb
A new measurement of the magnetic anomaly \\(a_\\) of the positive muon is presented based on data taken from 2020 to 2023 by the Muon \\(g-2\\) Experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). This dataset contains over 2.5 times the total statistics of our previous results. From the ratio of the precession frequencies for muons and protons in our storage ring magnetic field, together with precisely known ratios of fundamental constants, we determine \\(a_ = 116\\,592\\,0710(162) 10^-12\\) (139 ppb) for the new datasets, and \\(a_ = 116\\,592\\,0705(148) 10^-12\\) (127 ppb) when combined with our previous results. The new experimental world average, dominated by the measurements at FNAL, is \\(a_(exp) =116\\,592\\,0715(145) 10^-12\\) (124 ppb). The measurements at FNAL have improved the precision on the world average by over a factor of four.
Paper
Detailed Report on the Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm
We present details on a new measurement of the muon magnetic anomaly, \\(a_\\mu = (g_\\mu -2)/2\\). The result is based on positive muon data taken at Fermilab's Muon Campus during the 2019 and 2020 accelerator runs. The measurement uses \\(3.1\\) GeV\\(/c\\) polarized muons stored in a \\(7.1\\)-m-radius storage ring with a \\(1.45\\) T uniform magnetic field. The value of \\( a_{\\mu}\\) is determined from the measured difference between the muon spin precession frequency and its cyclotron frequency. This difference is normalized to the strength of the magnetic field, measured using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The ratio is then corrected for small contributions from beam motion, beam dispersion, and transient magnetic fields. We measure \\(a_\\mu = 116 592 057 (25) \\times 10^{-11}\\) (0.21 ppm). This is the world's most precise measurement of this quantity and represents a factor of \\(2.2\\) improvement over our previous result based on the 2018 dataset. In combination, the two datasets yield \\(a_\\mu(\\text{FNAL}) = 116 592 055 (24) \\times 10^{-11}\\) (0.20 ppm). Combining this with the measurements from Brookhaven National Laboratory for both positive and negative muons, the new world average is \\(a_\\mu\\)(exp) \\( = 116 592 059 (22) \\times 10^{-11}\\) (0.19 ppm).
Paper
Looking Back, Moving Forward: How the Civil Rights Era Church Can Guide the Modern Black Church in Improving Black Student Achievement
As the operational center of the Civil Rights Movement, the Black church fostered community, functioned as an educative space, and promoted collaborative efforts among churches. Similarly, the modern Black church has the opportunity to invest in educating, organizing, and mobilizing people within the church and the local community. By investing in and encouraging congregants and community residents to seek positions on school boards and fostering educative relationships with students, the Black church can proactively engage the socio-political arena and ensure that the community has a voice in the education of Black children. Given the pronounced history of the Black church and the education of Black citizens, this article seeks to examine the ways in which the Black church of the civil rights era can inform the practices of the modern Black church for the purposes of improving Black student achievement.
Journal Article
How and Why the Chatham County Teachers Association Affiliated
About twelve years ago an attempt was made by some of the teachers of Savannah, Ga., to form an organization. The effort failed because of a very determined opposition by the administration. Because of the very unhappy experiences of the leaders of this first attempt there was for several years no definite effort made to renew the undertaking.
Journal Article