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Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is a highly contagious tumor virus that causes detrimental outbreaks in poultry. Since its initial description, the virus’s virulence and acuteness have progressively increased. During this study, we investigated suspected tumorigenic cases of MDV-1 infection among different avian species (chicken, ducks, and turkey) in various Egyptian governorates, including Al-Sharqia, Gharbia, Dakahlia, Port Said, Damietta, and Fayoum, between 2020 and 2023. A molecular study targeting the virulent oncogenic Meq gene revealed that the tumorigenic masses in chicken and duck tissues were identified as virulent MDV-1, but turkeys with cauliflower-like ovarian tumors showed negative results. The isolated MDV-1 strain of chicken origin was given the designation YLE2021 and the sequence was submitted to GenBank with accession number PQ59985. Sequence analysis revealed a partial Meq open reading frame encoding 296 amino acids and contains seven proline motifs, three of them are interrupted (187 PLQPP 191, 195 PAPP198, 224 PPQPP 228). Experimental infection of one-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with a strain recovered from a chicken tumor resulted in 40% of infected birds showing the classical neural form of MDV infection. No parenchymal tumors were observed, and the virus could be molecularly detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNCs) of infected and neighboring uninfected SPF birds. In conclusion, this is the first report to identify the presence of MDV-1 in Egyptian ducks. Further investigations are recommended to detect the main cause of the turkeys’ tumor. Continuous molecular monitoring of circulating field viruses is crucial to investigate the mechanisms behind the increase in virus evolution, which could lead to increased virus virulence and allow the virus to evade vaccine protection.

Astrovirus infection significantly impacts poultry production due to its fatal effect on young birds and their ability to be transmitted by horizontal and vertical routes. In the current study, eight Egyptian duckling farms from different breeds (Moulard, Muscovy, and Pekin) with a history of sudden death accompanied by neurological signs with marked hepatitis lesions at Al-Qalyubia, Al-Sharqia, and Assuit governorates from 2022 to 2023 have been investigated. All the examined freshly dead ducklings have a history of vaccination with the live attenuated duck hepatitis vaccine. During the laboratory investigations, DAstV was successfully isolated on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) and designated as DAstV- VSVRI-CLEVB-2022 and showed the characteristic star-shaped six-point end of astrovirus when examined under the electron microscope. Molecular identification showed positive PCR amplification targeting the 434 bp of the ORF1b encoding non-structural proteins and is highly conserved of the G4260 Avastrovirus 2, sequence analysis showed that the isolated strain showed 100% similarity with duck astrovirus strain HBGT-China-2014 (KX290465.1). Pathogenicity testing of the isolated astrovirus in susceptible one-day-old ducklings, showed typical death signs of astrovirus at 31, 38, and 50 h post-infection (PI) with paint brush hemorrhagic liver surface. The above-mentioned results showed that DAstV could be one of the causative agents of acute duck hepatitis in Egypt and further investigations are recommended to prepare a local autogenous vaccine from the isolated strain with the application of strict biosecurity measures and evaluate its efficacy against the field challenge to control such a problem.

Background Duck virus hepatitis (DVH) is highly fatal disease that predominantly affects young ducklings, causing substantial losses due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. A severe outbreak occurred in young Pekin ducklings on a commercial farm in Benha, Egypt. Results The affected birds exhibited neurological signs, including lethargy, ataxia, and opisthotonus, leading to a high mortality rate. The livers and kidneys of ducklings showed various degrees of gross and histopathological lesions. Virus isolation trials in embryonated duck eggs revealed the characteristic greenish discoloration of the allantoic fluid, along with hepatitis and embryonic mortality. Furthermore, RT-PCR confirmed the presence of suspected duck hepatitis A virus type 1(DHAV-1). This study presents the first complete genome sequence of DHAV-1 from Egypt using next generation sequencing (NGS). Sequence analysis revealed that DHAV-1 exhibits the characteristic genomic organization of Avihepatovirus . The whole nucleotide sequence of Du/Egy/Benha/2020/DHAV-1 showed a high similarity to viruses isolated from Hungary in 2004, with a 99.9% identity in both the complete genome and structural genes (VP0, VP3, VP1). Antigenic analysis revealed a unique escape mutation, S178Y, related to conserved antigenic determinants on VP1 of DHAV-1 isolate. The cross-neutralization assay was utilized to assess the antigenic diversity between the field strain and the locally used live attenuated vaccine strain. Conclusion The results revealed minimal antigenic variation, highlighting the potential for immune evasion. These findings suggest that the currently administered vaccines in Egypt remain effective in controlling DHAV-1 infections. However, continuous surveillance is essential to monitor any emerging genetic or antigenic changes that could compromise vaccine efficacy in the future.

As artificial intelligence (AI) transforms nursing education, AI literacy is becoming a critical necessity for increasing the career potential and talent of nursing students. Additionally, fostering an innovation mindset promotes adaptability, creativity and openness to new approaches, further boosting students' confidence in their careers. However, few studies have examined the impact of these competencies on nursing students' career and talent self-efficacy, underscoring the need for further investigation. To examine the moderating effect of AI literacy on the associations between an innovation mindset and nursing students’ career and talent self-efficacy. Cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 596 nursing students who were enrolled in the College of Nursing at Alexandria University, Egypt. Three scales, namely, innovative thinking competencies, assessment of nonexperts’ AI literacy and career and talent development self-efficacy, were used. Data were collected during the academic year 2023–2024. Hypotheses were tested via correlation and regression analyses. This study revealed that nursing students had moderate levels of AI literacy, innovation mindset and career and talent self-efficacy. Nursing students' career and talent self-efficacy were significantly predicted by their innovative mindset and AI literacy. AI literacy significantly moderates the relationship between nursing students' innovation mindset and their career and talent self-efficacy, making it more positive. This study highlighted that fostering awareness with AI-driven tools could cultivate innovative thinking among nursing students and augment confidence in their talents. This study underscores that encouraging nursing talent and career aspirations requires the integration of AI literacy and innovative thinking as core competencies in nursing curricula. •Nursing students showed moderate levels of AI literacy, innovation mindset, and career and talent self-efficacy.•AI literacy and innovation mindset strongly predict nursing students' career and talent self-efficacy.•AI literacy positively moderates the relationship between nursing students’ innovation mindset and talent self-efficacy.•Promoting AI literacy and innovation mindset is essential for nursing students' career success.

Despite intensive vaccination efforts, Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV) remains a formidable threat to the Egyptian poultry industry, primarily through the emergence of vaccine-escape variants. While most studies have focused on Northern Egypt, there is a critical knowledge gap regarding the viral landscape in the Southern provinces. This study provides the most extensive surveillance to date, spanning 10 diverse Egyptian governorates with a strategic focus on Upper Egypt (2024–2025). Out of 400 collected samples, TaqMan-based qPCR revealed a high prevalence of 30% (120/400). Five representative isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing and molecular characterization. The isolates were classified as Genotype II by phylogenetic analysis, showing a notable genetic divergence (85–87% amino acid similarity) from traditional Genotype I vaccine strains. Notably, comprehensive recombination analysis identified isolate PX96998 as a mosaic variant, with breakpoints indicating intra-genotypic recombination between closely related genotype II lineages, highlighting complex evolutionary dynamics in the field. Furthermore, 3D homology modeling of the VP1 protein identified critical structural alterations in functional loop regions, potentially hindering the binding affinity of neutralizing antibodies and facilitating immune evasion. In an experimental setting, the genotype II isolate demonstrated hypervirulence in SPF chickens, causing severe development retardation and extensive atrophy of lymphoid organs (p < 0.0001). Pathognomonic pale, fatty bone marrow with a sharp drop in PCV% to 18 ± 0.58% indicated severe aplastic anemia. By the fifth week after infection, there was a complete humoral collapse with undetectable ELISA titers due to the huge systemic replication revealed by viral load measurement, which peaked in the thymus (9.50 ± 0.25 log₁₀) and bone marrow (9.00 ± 0.22 log₁₀). These results were supported by histopathology, which revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies and systemic lymphocyte depletion. These findings support the highly pathogenic genotype II CIAV’s dominance and aggressive evolution in Egypt. The emergence of recombinant variants with altered structural epitopes underscores the urgent need to replace outdated vaccination plans with genotype-matched immunogens in order to lessen the severe consequences on Egypt’s poultry industry.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between digital competence and chronic disease management self-efficacy in older adults, with a focus on the mediating role of telemonitoring readiness. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 196 older adults with chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia. Participants completed validated measures assessing digital competence, telemonitoring readiness, and chronic disease management self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and mediation analysis via the PROCESS macro. Results: Significant positive relationships were found between digital competence and telemonitoring readiness (r = 0.35, p < .01), digital competence and self-efficacy (r = 0.68, p < .01), and telemonitoring readiness and self-efficacy (r = 0.43, p < .01). Telemonitoring readiness significantly mediated the relationship between digital competence and self-efficacy, contributing 14.7% of the total effect. Conclusion: Enhancing digital competence and telemonitoring readiness is crucial for improving chronic disease management self-efficacy among older adults. Health care strategies should focus on digital literacy programs and increasing telemonitoring readiness to foster better health outcomes. Digital literacy programs, nurse-led support, and policy initiatives should prioritize telemonitoring adoption to enhance self-efficacy among older adults.

To investigate the relationships between digital competence, AI readiness and pedagogical innovation among nurse educators, with a specific focus on the moderating role of AI readiness. Digital competence is vital for nurse educators, supporting technology integration and promoting pedagogical innovation. AI readiness further enhances this innovation, fostering dynamic learning environments. However, research on how digital competence and AI readiness together have an impact on pedagogical innovation among nurse educators remains limited. Cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 600 nurse educators across various nursing faculties in Egypt. Validated scales measured digital competence, AI readiness and pedagogical innovation. Pearson correlation, multiple regression and moderation analyses were used to test study hypotheses. Significant positive correlations were found between pedagogical innovation, digital competence (r = 0.546, p < 0.01) and AI readiness (r = 0.530, p < 0.01). Digital competence (B = 0.558, p < 0.001) and AI readiness (B = 0.580, p < 0.001) significantly predicted pedagogical innovation. AI readiness moderated this relationship (B = 0.199, p < 0.001, ΔR² = 0.0057), amplifying the effect at higher levels of AI readiness (B = 0.66, p < 0.001). Digital competence and AI readiness play critical roles in promoting pedagogical innovation. Strengthening AI readiness through targeted training can enhance digital tools adoption in nursing education. It is crucial to revise academic standards for curricula and nurse educators to include AI competence, ensuring effective integration of AI and digital tools in nursing education through targeted training and infrastructure improvements. •Digital competence significantly enhances pedagogical innovation among nurse educators.•High levels of AI readiness enhance the adoption of technology-integrated teaching strategies among nurse educators.•AI readiness positively moderates the relationship between digital competence and pedagogical innovation.•Digital skills and AI readiness catalyze pedagogical transformation in nursing education.•Professional development programs should focus on strengthening digital and AI competencies among nurse educators.

Background Perioperative missed nursing care is a serious issue that can compromise patient safety and quality of care. However, little is known about the factors that influence perioperative missed nursing care. Aim This study aimed to examine the effects of job embeddedness and polychronicity on perioperative missed nursing care as well as to test the mediating role of polychronicity on the relationship between job embeddeness and perioperative missed nursing care. Method This was a cross-sectional correlational study that used a convenience sample of 210 operating room nurses from nine hospitals in Egypt. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires that measured job embeddedness, polychronicity, and perioperative missed nursing care. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships among the variables. Results The findings demonstrated a significant negative and moderate association between missed perioperative care and both nurses’ job embeddedness and polychronicity. Moreover, there was a moderately positive and significant correlation between polychronicity and job embeddedness. Path analysis revealed a significant positive causal effect between job embeddedness and polychronicity. The results of mediation revealed that the indirect effect of job embeddedness on missed care through polychronicity was statistically significant; suggesting that polychronicity partially mediated this relationship. Conclusion This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between nurses’ job embeddedness, missed care, and polychronicity in the operating theater context. By enhancing job embeddedness and fostering polychronicity among nurses, healthcare organizations can reduce perioperative missed care and ultimately improve patient care outcomes in this critical healthcare setting.

Increasing healthcare costs, particularly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like Egypt, highlight the need for rational economic strategies. Clinical pharmacy interventions offer potential benefits by reducing drug therapy problems and associated costs, thereby supporting healthcare system sustainability. This study evaluates the economic impact and clinical benefits of clinical pharmacy interventions in four tertiary hospitals in Egypt by implementing an innovative tool for medication management, focusing on cost avoidance and return on investment (ROI), while accounting for case severity and drug therapy problem (DTP) resolution. Utilizing a digital tool, cost avoidance was assessed by considering the severity of patient cases and the effectiveness of clinical pharmacists' interventions in resolving identified DTPs. Additionally, ROI was calculated by incorporating both full-time equivalent (FTE) and non-FTE costs to evaluate the overall economic impact of clinical pharmacy services over a six-year period across four tertiary care hospitals in Egypt. Over six years, a total of 492,612 patients were reviewed, leading to 19,240 comprehensive clinical pharmacy interventions. These interventions achieved an 88.63% resolution of DTPs, significantly reducing patient risk by preventing adverse DTP consequences, resulting in a total cost avoidance of EGP 265.32 million (USD 8.60 million) and an average ROI of 7.6 (760%). This underscores the substantial economic impact of clinical pharmacy services, particularly in LMICs and countries transitioning to universal health insurance coverage, where cost efficiency and patient safety are critical. This study underscores the importance of clinical pharmacy interventions in improving healthcare outcomes and generating significant economic benefits, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. By accounting for case severity and the level of DTP consequences, along with the efficiency of clinical pharmacist-led interventions in resolving DTPs, the economic impact of these services can be more accurately evaluated. These findings are essential for informing policy decisions, highlighting the critical role of clinical pharmacy services in supporting healthcare systems facing economic constraints.