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"Gao, Chang"
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From global to national: The role of urban agglomerations in China’s new development paradigm
Urban agglomerations (UAs), which serve as pivotal hubs for economic and innovative convergence, play a crucial role in enhancing internal circulation and strengthening external linkages. This study utilizes the China city-level multi-regional input-output tables, incorporating the Dagum Gini coefficient and kernel density estimation methods, to perform a thorough quantitative analysis. Disparities within the national and global value chains (\"dual value chains\") of Chinese UAs from 2012 to 2017 were assessed. Additionally, the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method was applied to disaggregate the drivers of both national and global intermediate inputs (NII and GII). The study’s key findings include the following: (1) The national value chain (NVC) within UAs exhibits robust growth, contrasting with the decline in the global value chain (GVC). (2) The inter-UA disparity contribution rate significantly surpasses the combined rates of intra-UA contribution and super-variation density. (3) Distinct evolutionary peak trends are discerned among various UAs within the \"dual value chains\", highlighting diverse spatial polarization characteristics and expansiveness. (4) The growth of the NVC has transitioned from a negative to a positive impact on NII, while the decline in GVC has substantially counteracted GII growth. Economic and demographic factors notably drive positive improvements in both NII and GII, whereas the efficiency of outflows presents a negative driving effect. Based on these findings, this study offers strategic recommendations to facilitate the effective integration of UAs into the new development paradigm, thereby providing a scientific basis for related decision-making processes.
Journal Article
A seamlessly integrated device of micro-supercapacitor and wireless charging with ultrahigh energy density and capacitance
Microdevice integrating energy storage with wireless charging could create opportunities for electronics design, such as moveable charging. Herein, we report seamlessly integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitors by taking advantage of a designed highly consistent material system that both wireless coils and electrodes are of the graphite paper. The transferring power efficiency of the wireless charging is 52.8%. Benefitting from unique circuit structure, the intact device displays low resistance and excellent voltage tolerability with a capacitance of 454.1 mF cm
−2
, superior to state-of-the-art conventional planar micro-supercapacitors. Besides, a record high energy density of 463.1 μWh cm
−2
exceeds the existing metal ion hybrid micro-supercapacitors and even commercial thin film battery (350 μWh cm
−2
). After charging for 6 min, the integrated device reaches up to a power output of 45.9 mW, which can drive an electrical toy car immediately. This work brings an insight for contactless micro-electronics and flexible micro-robotics.
Miniaturized energy storage devices integrated with wireless charging bring opportunities for next generation electronics. Here, authors report seamlessly integrated wireless charging micro-supercapacitors with high energy density capable of driving a model electrical car.
Journal Article
Pan-genome analysis and expression verification of the maize ARF gene family
Auxin transcription factors regulate auxin responses and play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. Utilizing the maize pan-genome data, this study identified 35 ARF family members in maize, comprising 21 core genes, 10 near-core genes, and 4 non-essential genes; no private genes were detected. The construction of a phylogenetic tree using Arabidopsis thaliana revealed that the G3 subfamily comprises the highest number of core genes, with a total of 10, and exhibits relative stability throughout the evolution of maize. The calculation of the Ka/Ks ratios for ARF family members across 26 genomes indicated that, aside from ARF8 and ARF11 , which were subjected to positive selection, the remaining genes underwent purifying selection. Analysis of structural variation revealed that the expression level of the ARF4 gene significantly differed as a result of this variation. Simultaneously, the structural variation also influenced the conserved domain and cis-acting elements of the gene. Further combining the transcriptome data and RT-qPCR found that, The expression levels of ARF family members in maize were higher at the early stage of embryo and grain development, and the expression levels of each member in embryo and grain were complementary, and the ARF4 plays an important role in abiotic stress. In summary, this study utilizes the maize pan-genome and bioinformatics methods to investigate the evolutionary relationships and functional roles of ARF family members in maize, thereby providing a novel theoretical framework for further research on the maize ARF family.
Journal Article
Association between anthropometric indices and chronic kidney disease: Insights from NHANES 2009–2018
The strong association between obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been empirically validated, yet traditional measures like the Body Mass Index (BMI) fail to accurately assess the extent of obesity due to CKD's characteristics, such as reduced muscle mass and increased visceral fat. This study investigates the association between CKD and several anthropometric indices, including A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), and the Conicity Index (C-index), to determine their predictive capabilities.
Based on the datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2018, weighted multivariable regression analyses were carried out to examine the independent relationship between two anthropometric indices and CKD. Also, subgroup analyses, restricted cubic spline regression (RCS), and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were conducted for further data analyses.
A total of 24,162 participants were enrolled in this study. After adjusting for confounding factors, ABSI, BRI, WHtR, and the C-index were significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD, while BMI was not. Height showed a protective effect against CKD. ABSI and the C-index demonstrated the highest areas under the curve (AUCs), indicating superior predictive capabilities compared to traditional measures like BMI and waist circumference (WC). Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions between the anthropometric indices and factors such as age, disease status, dietary intake, and physical activity levels.
This study highlights the significant associations between various anthropometric indices (including ABSI, BRI, WHtR, and C-index) and the risk of CKD. ABSI and the C-index demonstrated the strongest predictive capabilities for CKD, with the highest AUC values.
Journal Article
Genome‐wide analysis of the AP2/ERF gene family in Rheum officinale Baill.: Evolution and expression profiling during plant development, abiotic stresses, and exogenous hormone responses
The APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (AP2/ERF) superfamily plays a central role in plant metabolism, stress responses, and hormone signaling. Rheum officinale Baill. is an important traditional medicinal plant whose roots and rhizomes are rich in anthraquinones and other secondary metabolites. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying its development and secondary metabolism remain unclear, and systematic analyses of its AP2/ERF family are lacking. This study aimed to characterize the genomic features, expression patterns, and potential functions of the AP2/ERF family in R. officinale. A total of 167 RoAP2/ERF genes were identified, unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. Gene family expansion was mainly driven by segmental and tandem duplications, with extensive collinearity observed between R. officinale and related species. Phylogenetic, conserved domain, gene structure, and motif analyses classified these genes into five subfamilies (ERF, dehydration reaction element binding factor; AP2, related to abscisic acid insensitive 3/viviparous 1; and Soloist), with similar sequence characteristics within each subfamily. RNA‐seq analysis revealed tissue‐specific expression patterns, with Cluster 5 genes preferentially expressed in roots and rhizomes. RT‐qPCR of 18 representative genes confirmed their involvement in various signaling pathways. RoERF065 and RoERF079 were exclusively nuclear‐localized and strongly responsive to stress and hormone treatments. Functional assays indicated that RoERF079 acts as a C‐terminal‐dependent transcriptional activator, whereas RoERF065 may function as a repressor due to two EAR motifs. These genes may regulate root and rhizome development and secondary metabolism in R. officinale. This study provides a basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of organ development and bioactive compound biosynthesis and identifies candidate genes for molecular breeding. Plain Language Summary The APETALA2/ethylene‐responsive factor (AP2/ERF) gene family helps plants grow, handle stress, and regulate hormone signaling. Rheum officinale is a medicinal plant, and its dried roots and rhizomes contain valuable anthraquinones. We identified 167 RoAP2/ERF genes in the genome, which were divided into five groups and expanded via gene duplication. Some of these genes are highly expressed in the roots and rhizomes. Among them, RoERF065 and RoERF079 respond to stress and hormone signals: one activates genes while the other suppresses them, which may play a role in plant growth and anthraquinone biosynthesis. This study helps in understanding these biological processes and identifying genes for improving plant breeding.
Journal Article
Correlation analysis between disease severity and clinical and biochemical characteristics of 143 cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan and has quickly spread across the world. The mortality rate in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is high. This study analyzed clinical and biochemical parameters between mild and severe patients, helping to identify severe or critical patients early.
Methods
In this single center, cross-sectional study, 143 patients were included and divided to mild/moderate and sever/critical groups. Correlation between the disease criticality and clinical features and peripheral blood biochemical markers was analyzed. Cut-off values for critically ill patients were speculated through the ROC curve.
Results
Significantly, disease severity was associated with age (
r
= 0.458,
P
< 0.001), comorbidities (
r
= 0.445,
P
< 0.001), white cell count (
r
= 0.229,
P
= 0.006), neutrophil count (
r
= 0.238,
P
= 0.004), lymphocyte count (
r
= − 0.295,
P
< 0.001), albumin (
r
= − 0.603,
P
< 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (
r
= − 0.362,
P
< 0.001), serum potassium (
r
= − 0.237,
P
= 0.004), plasma glucose (
r
= 0.383,
P
< 0.001), total bilirubin (
r
= 0.340,
P
< 0.001), serum amyloid A (
r
= 0.58,
P
< 0.001), procalcitonin (
r
= 0.345,
P
< 0.001), C-reactive protein (
r
= 0.477,
P
< 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (
r
= 0.548,
P
< 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (
r
= 0.342,
P
< 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (
r
= 0.264,
P
= 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (
r
= 0.284,
P
= 0.001) and D-dimer (
r
= 0.477,
P
< 0.001) .
Conclusions
With the following parameters such as age > 52 years, C-reactive protein > 64.79 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase > 245 U/L, D-dimer > 0.96 μg/mL, serum amyloid A > 100.02 mg/L, or albumin < 36 g/L, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. Lymphocyte count, serum potassium, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and procalcitonin may also be a prognostic indicator.
Journal Article
Tumor-associated-fibrosis and active collagen-CD44 axis characterize a poor-prognosis subtype of gastric cancer and contribute to tumor immunosuppression
Background
Tumor-associated fibrosis modifies the tumor microenvironment (TME), hinders the infiltration and activity of cytotoxic immune cells, and is a critical pathological process leading to the ineffectiveness of tumor immunotherapy in gastric cancer (GC). However, the specific mechanisms and interventions are yet to be fully explored.
Methods
Our study included 375 gastric cancer samples from TCGA, 1 single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset comprising of 15 gastric cancer samples from GEO, 19 cohorts of immunotherapy and 2 GWAS datasets. Consensus clustering identified a gastric cancer subtype characterized primarily by fibrosis, and various methods such as pseudotime analysis, CellChat analysis and Colocalization analysis were used to explore its mechanisms.
Results
A subtype of gastric cancer was identified with poor prognosis, characterized by higher malignancy, drug resistance, and poor immune infiltration, associated with elevated expression of genes related with Extracellular matrix (ECM). Single-cell transcriptome analysis showed active Collagen-CD44 signaling axis between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells in gastric cancer, with ECM-related genes upregulated during tumor progression. The expression of CD44 was significantly elevated in the subtype, associated with poor prognosis and tumor immune suppression in gastric cancer, potentially involved in the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells such as M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the upregulation of multiple immune checkpoints including PD-1/PD-L1.
Conclusion
Our study identified a new subtype of gastric cancer, revealing that fibrosis is a critical mechanism driving immune suppression in gastric cancer and emphasizing the central role of the Collagen-CD44 signaling axis. The Collagen-CD44 signaling axis has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic target for gastric cancer by enhancing immune cell-mediated tumor suppression. By combining it with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), it may improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for gastric cancer and offer new hope for treatment.
Journal Article
Exploiting neuro-inspired dynamic sparsity for energy-efficient intelligent perception
Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides towards efficient online processing of sensory signals at the edge through the use of deep neural networks with ever-expanding size. However, this trend has brought with it escalating computational costs and energy consumption, which have become major obstacles to the deployment and further upscaling of these models. In this Perspective, we present a neuro-inspired vision to boost the energy efficiency of AI for perception by leveraging brain-like dynamic sparsity. We categorize various forms of dynamic sparsity rooted in data redundancy and discuss potential strategies to enhance and exploit it through algorithm-hardware co-design. Additionally, we explore the technological, architectural, and algorithmic challenges that need to be addressed to fully unlock the potential of dynamic-sparsity-aware neuro-inspired AI for energy-efficient perception.
Edge AI enables intelligent perception in sensory devices, yet at excessive energy costs. This Perspective outlines a neuro-inspired vision for efficient edge perception, sketching the design space of data-driven and stateful dynamic sparsity to selectively activate sensors, memory, and compute.
Journal Article