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"Gao, Ling"
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Nicorandil in improving angina pectoris and vascular endothelial function in elderly diabetes mellitus patients with coronary heart disease
Objective
To explore the clinical efficacy of nicorandil in treating elderly angina pectoris with diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD), and the effect on improving vascular endothelial function (VEF).
Methods
110 elderly diabetic patients with CHD and angina pectoris who were treated in our hospital from April 2019 to March 2022 were chose as samples. All the subjects were distributed into 2 groups, namely A and B, and 55 people in each. B group were treated with secondary preventive drugs for CHD, and the A group were treated with nicorandil and secondary preventive drugs for CHD. After one month, the clinical efficacy, prethrombotic state, VEF, inflammatory factor levels, cardiac function were compared.
Results
The bg, DD, PAI-1, vWF, ET-1, TNF-α and hs-CRP in A group after the treatment were below those in B (
P
< 0.05), t-PA, FMD, The NO content was significantly exceeded that of the B group. The LVEF and RHI indexes in A were exceed the data in B (
P
< 0.05), and the LVEDD and LVPWd were below the data in B (
P
< 0.05). The effective rate of clinical treatment in A was significantly exceed B’s data.
Conclusion
Nicorandil can significantly improve angina pectoris in elderly patients with DM and CHD.
Journal Article
Evaluation of the mediating role of physical activity self-efficacy in the relationship between knowledge, social support, and physical activity in pregnant women with a high risk for gestational diabetes
Objective
This study aimed to examine the associations between knowledge, social support, and physical activity and explore the mediating role of physical activity self-efficacy in pregnant women with a high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou, China, from July 2022 to May 2023. Five hundred thirty-seven pregnant women with a high risk for GDM completed the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, Pregnancy Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale, Pregnancy Physical Activity Knowledge Scale, Physical Activity Social Support Scale, and a socio-demographic data sheet. The mediation effect was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) and the bootstrap method.
Results
42.5% of pregnant women did not meet the current physical activity guidelines. Physical activity self-efficacy (
β
, 0.16;
P
<0.001), knowledge (
β
, 0.15;
P
= 0.001), social support (
β
, 0.10;
P
= 0.019), education, and type of conception were predictors of physical activity. The SEM results found that physical activity self-efficacy mediated the association between physical activity and knowledge (
β
, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.32) and social support (
β
, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.39). The data fit of the model (RMSEA = 0.067, CFI = 0.851, TLI = 0.828, χ
2
/df = 3.440) was acceptable.
Conclusion
This study found that the prevalence of being physically inactive was high in pregnant women with a high risk for GDM. The present study’s findings suggested that healthcare providers should try to enhance physical activity self-efficacy, knowledge, and social support of pregnant women with a high risk for GDM to improve their physical activity with a focus on physical activity self-efficacy.
Journal Article
Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Review
Vitiligo is a multifactorial reversible skin disorder characterized by distinct white patches that result from melanocyte destruction. Activated CXCR3 + CD8 + T cells promote melanocyte detachment and apoptosis through interferon-gamma (IFN-γ secretion and chemokines secreted by keratinocytes through the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 signaling pathway results in further recruitment of CXCR3 + CD8 + T cells and the formation of a positive-feedback loop. JAK inhibitors target the JAK/STAT pathway and are now approved to treat many immune-related diseases. In the treatment of vitiligo, JAK inhibitors, including ruxolitinib, baricitinib, and tofacitinib, are effective, supporting the implication of the IFN-γ-chemokine signaling axis in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, more studies are required to determine the ideal dosage of JAK inhibitors for the treatment of vitiligo, and to identify other inflammatory pathways that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition.
Journal Article
A comprehensive draft genome sequence for lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), an emerging health food: insights into plant–microbe interactions and legume evolution
Summary Lupins are important grain legume crops that form a critical part of sustainable farming systems, reducing fertilizer use and providing disease breaks. It has a basal phylogenetic position relative to other crop and model legumes and a high speciation rate. Narrow‐leafed lupin (NLL; Lupinus angustifolius L.) is gaining popularity as a health food, which is high in protein and dietary fibre but low in starch and gluten‐free. We report the draft genome assembly (609 Mb) of NLL cultivar Tanjil, which has captured >98% of the gene content, sequences of additional lines and a dense genetic map. Lupins are unique among legumes and differ from most other land plants in that they do not form mycorrhizal associations. Remarkably, we find that NLL has lost all mycorrhiza‐specific genes, but has retained genes commonly required for mycorrhization and nodulation. In addition, the genome also provided candidate genes for key disease resistance and domestication traits. We also find evidence of a whole‐genome triplication at around 25 million years ago in the genistoid lineage leading to Lupinus. Our results will support detailed studies of legume evolution and accelerate lupin breeding programmes.
Journal Article
A drug-eluting Balloon for the trEatment of coronarY bifurcatiON lesions in the side branch: a prospective multicenter ranDomized (BEYOND) clinical trial in China
Treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions remains challenging; a simple strategy has been preferred as of late, but the disadvantage is ostium stenosis or even occlusion of the side branch (SB). Only a few single-center studies investigating the combination of a drug-eluting stent in the main branch followed by a drug-eluting balloon in the SB have been reported. This prospective, multicenter, randomized study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of a paclitaxel-eluting balloon (PEB) compared with regular balloon angioplasty (BA) in the treatment of non-left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions.
Between December 2014 and November 2015, a total of 222 consecutive patients with bifurcation lesions were enrolled in this study at ten Chinese centers. Patients were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to a PEB group (n = 113) and a BA group (n = 109). The primary efficacy endpoint was angiographic target lesion stenosis at 9 months. Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints included target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, target lesion failure, major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCEs), all-cause death, cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and thrombosis in target lesions. The main analyses performed in this clinical trial included case shedding analysis, base-value equilibrium analysis, effectiveness analysis, and safety analysis. SAS version 9.4 was used for the statistical analyses.
At the 9-month angiographic follow-up, the difference in the primary efficacy endpoint of target lesion stenosis between the PEB (28.7% ± 18.7%) and BA groups (40.0% ± 19.0%) was -11.3% (95% confidence interval: -16.3% to -6.3%, Psuperiority <0.0001) in the intention-to-treat analysis, and similar results were recorded in the per-protocol analysis, demonstrating the superiority of PEB to BA. Late lumen loss was significantly lower in the PEB group than in the BA group (-0.06 ± 0.32 vs. 0.18 ± 0.34 mm, P < 0.0001). For intention-to-treat, there were no significant differences between PEB and BA in the 9-month percentages of MACCEs (0.9% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.16) or non-fatal myocardial infarctions (0 vs. 0.9%, P = 0.49). There were no clinical events of target lesion revascularization, target vessel revascularization, target lesion failure, all-cause death, cardiac death or target lesion thrombosis in either group.
In de novo non-left main coronary artery bifurcations treated with provisional T stenting, SB dilation with the PEB group demonstrated better angiographic results than treatment with regular BA at the 9-month follow-up in terms of reduced target lesion stenosis.
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02325817; https://clinicaltrials.gov.
Journal Article
Knowledge domain and emerging trends in Alzheimer's disease: a scientometric review based on CiteSpace analysis
Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. It is an increasingly serious global health problem and has a significant impact on individuals and society. However, the precise cause of Alzheimer's disease is still unknown. In this study, 11,748 Web-of-Science-indexed manuscripts regarding Alzheimer's disease, all published from 2015 to 2019, and their 693,938 references were analyzed. A document co-citation network map was drawn using CiteSpace software. Research frontiers and development trends were determined by retrieving subject headings with apparent changing word frequency trends, which can be used to forecast future research developments in Alzheimer's disease.
Journal Article
Self-healing and superstretchable conductors from hierarchical nanowire assemblies
It is still a great challenge to improve deformability and fatigue-resistance of stretchable conductors when maintaining their high-level conductivity for practical use. Herein, a high-performance stretchable conductor with hierarchically ternary network and self-healing capability is demonstrated through in situ polymerizing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) on well-defined sulfur-containing molecule-modified Ag nanowire (AgNW) aerogel framework. Owing to hierarchical architecture from nanoscale to microscale and further to macroscale and strong interactions of polymer chains and AgNWs, the composite exhibits good conductivity of 93 S cm
−1
, excellent electromechanical stability up to superhigh tensile strain of 800% and strong fatigue-resistant ability through well accommodating the applied deformations and sharing external force in the network. Furthermore, the composite delivers a fast and strong healing capability induced by reversible Ag–S bonds, which enables the healed conductor to hold an impressive electromechanical property. These prominent demonstrations confirm this material as top performer for use as flexible, stretchable electronic devices.
Stretchable conductors are important for further developments in the electronics industry, but improving the deformability when maintaining the high-level conductivity is still challenging. Here the authors demonstrate a ternary self-healing silver nanowire/polymer network as high-performance stretchable conductor.
Journal Article
Internal structure of hairy rotating black holes in three dimensions
A
bstract
We construct hairy rotating black hole solutions in three dimensional Einstein gravity coupled to a complex scalar field. When we turn on a real and uniform source on the dual CFT, the black hole is stationary with two Killing vectors and we show that there is no inner horizon for the black hole and the system evolves smoothly into a Kasner universe. When we turn on a complex and periodic driving source on the dual CFT with a phase velocity equal to the angular velocity of the black hole, we have a time-dependent black hole with only one Killing vector. We show that inside the black hole, after a rapid collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge, oscillations of the scalar field follow. Then the system evolves into the Kasner epoch with possible Kasner inversion, which occurs in most of the parameter regimes. In both cases, one of the metric fields obeys a simple relation between its value at the horizon and in the Kasner epoch.
Journal Article
The role of neurovascular coupling dysfunction in cognitive decline of diabetes patients
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is an important mechanism to ensure adequate blood supply to active neurons in the brain. NVC damage can lead to chronic impairment of neuronal function. Diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar and is considered an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. In this review, we provide fMRI evidence of NVC damage in diabetic patients with cognitive decline. Combined with the exploration of the major mechanisms and signaling pathways of NVC, we discuss the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on the cellular structure of NVC signaling, including key receptors, ion channels, and intercellular connections. Studying these diabetes-related changes in cell structure will help us understand the underlying causes behind diabetes-induced NVC damage and early cognitive decline, ultimately helping to identify the most effective drug targets for treatment.
Journal Article