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The development of low‐cost, green, and pollution‐free counter electrode materials with high catalytic activity plays a critical role in improving the photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In recent years, transition metal phosphides have been widely used in DSSCs due to their outstanding catalytic activity and stability. Herein, a novel binary phosphide is immobilized on carbon paper (CP) by a two‐step strategy. This strategy involves the preparation of WO3 precursor by the hydrothermal method, and synthesis of tungsten phosphide (WP) with the vapor deposition method, which finally leads to the uniform dispersion of WP on carbon paper. The acquired WP/CP counter electrode demonstrates high electrical conductivity and prefect catalytic ability for reducing triiodide, and the DSSCs assembled with WP/CP counter electrode achieve a high‐power conversion efficiency of 10.29%, which is superior to that of the Pt‐based (7.34%). These findings illustrate that the WP microsheets in‐situ grown on carbon paper are a potential candidate to replace Pt as an economical and efficient counter electrode for DSSCs. A counter electrode (CE) of anchor tungsten phosphide (WP) onto carbon fibers of carbon paper (CP) is designed to form a heterojunction structure and served as CE for DSSCs, and exhibits much higher photovoltaic performance of DSSC with WP/CP‐3 CE (10.29%) than that of the Pt configuration device (7.34%).

Objective To observe the expression of connexin 36 (Cx36) in the striatum and motor cortex of rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in order to explore whether gap junction is involved in the pathogenesis of the cortex-basal ganglia circuit disturbances in PD. Methods Hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by stereotaxically injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to right medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting analysis were used to observe the expression changes of Cx36 in the striatum and motor cortex. Double immunofluorescence labeling was used to analyze the expression of Cx36 in enkephalin (ENK) positive medium spiny neurons and Parvalbumin (PV) positive interneurons in the striatum. Results Immunohistochemical staining showed Cx36 expression was elevated in the right striatum as well as right motor cortex of PD group compared with normal control group (t = 2.474, P = 0.048; t = 2.614, P = 0.040). Double immunofluorescence labeling staining revealed that ENK-positive striatum neurons were elevated (t = 3.987, P = 0.007) and Cx36 expression was increased in ENK-positive striatum neurons (t = 3.271, P = 0.017) in PD group compared with normal control group. While PV-positive interneurons decreased (t = 2.777, P = 0.032) and Cx36 expression was down-regulated in PV-positive interneurons (t = 2.624, P = 0.039) compared with the normal control group. Western blotting indicated that the 6-OHDA lesion induced a significant upregulation of Cx36 to (119.31 ± 8.92)% in comparison with the normal group [(104.05 ± 3.82)%] in right striatum (t = 3.516, P = 0.024). In right motor cortex Cx36 increased to (138.20 ± 17.88)% , induced a significant upregulation of Cx36 in the right motor cortex in comparison with the normal control group [(105.27 ± 2.82)%; t = 4.068, P = 0.015]. Conclusion The Cx36 expression was generally increased in the striatum and motor cortex of PD rat model, with upregulation in ENK-positive striatum neurons but downregulation in PV-positive interneurons, suggesting that gap junction dysfunction may play an important role in the disturbance of cortex-basal ganglia pathway in PD.

Based on the current research status of intelligent library, this paper analyzed the obstacle factors in the construction of ecological intelligent university library, and put forward space construction concept, humanistic ecological concept, sustainable development concept, service management concept and function concept, and explored its natural ecological construction, ecological humanistic construction and sustainable development construction.

HSP47 (Heat Shock Protein 47) is a SERPIN (H1), which binds to procollagen, and is among several molecular chaperones involved in the assembly of the collagen triple helix. Inhibition of HSP47 function is anticipated to result in reduction in collagen secretion; therefore, hsp47 may be a therapeutic target for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. The structure of HSP47 has previously been determined using a C-terminal His-tag construct in the apo form (4AUA) and with several different collagen model peptides (3ZHA, 4AU2, 4AU3, 4AXY, 7BEE, 7BDU, and 7BFI; Widmer et al., 2012; Abraham et al., 2021). Despite a published protocol for growing HSP47 crystals, we encountered several challenges in obtaining crystals. Issues encountered included the C-terminal His-tag protein tended to precipitate at concentrations described and, moreover, crystallization was difficult. While we were able to obtain crystals, these structures were suboptimal, and we were never able to grow crystals with a C-terminal His-tag construct that replicated 4AU4 either in crystal form or diffraction limit. We describe three new apo crystal forms that we grew with the Widmer et al. 2012 construct, which all show association through the non-cleavable C-terminal-His-tag. Addressing suboptimal crystals, we describe construct design and a crystallization chaperone strategy and show that using a cleavable N-terminal tag led to a more tractable protein and higher resolution diffraction and that using crystallization chaperones in the form of Adnectins led to even better diffracting crystals.

An improved expression protocol is proposed for amino acid type-specific [ 13 C], [ 15 N]-isotope labeling of proteins in baculovirus-infected (BV) insect cell cultures. This new protocol modifies the methods published by Gossert et al. (J Biomol NMR 51(4):449–456, 2011) and provides efficient incorporation of isotopically labeled amino acids, with similar yields per L versus unlabeled expression in rich media. Gossert et al. identified the presence of unlabeled amino acids in the yeastolate of the growth medium as a major limitation in isotope labeling using BV-infected insect cells. By reducing the amount of yeastolate in the growth medium ten-fold, a significant improvement in labeling efficiency was demonstrated, while maintaining good protein expression yield. We report an alternate approach to improve isotope labeling efficiency using BV-infected insect cells namely by replacing the yeast extracts in the medium with dialyzed yeast extracts to reduce the amount of low molecular weight peptides and amino acids. We report the residual levels of amino acids in various media formulations and the amino acid consumption during fermentation, as determined by NMR. While direct replacement of yeastolate with dialyzed yeastolate delivered moderately lower isotope labeling efficiencies compared to the use of ten-fold diluted undialized yeastolate, we show that the use of dialyzed yeastolate combined with a ten-fold dilution delivered enhanced isotope labeling efficiency and at least a comparable level of protein expression yield, all at a scale which economizes use of these costly reagents.

Selecting the literature collection data of Hohai University in recent years as sample, this paper analyzed the present situation and main problems of its literature collection, and discussed the introduction of new concept in the literature collection mechanism of HoHai University Library.

The Flexible track automatic drilling equipment is widely used in aircraft assembly because of the low cost, high efficiency and high quality of holes. This paper constructs a new flexible track drilling system for large-size aircraft assembly. The system structure is introduced, and the transformation algorithm between product/device coordinate system and axes position parameters is proposed. The experimental results show that the transformation algorithm has the merits of high computational efficiency and high stability, and can meet the requirement of precision drilling.

In order to realize automatic flexible drilling with high efficiency and good quality, a drilling system was established, which integrates the technology of laser measurement, off-line programming, computer control and robotics. In this system, the key coordinate frames are established by the laser tracker, the drilling programs are generated by the off-line programming and simulation system, the communication between the automatic drilling control system and the robot control system is based on the socket technique. By running drilling program, the moving platform, robot and the end effector can work automatically and harmoniously. In addition, the deviation compensation methods of hole position and its normal vector are proposed. The experimental results show that the efficiency of drilling can achieve 6 holes per minute, the position accuracy can be effectively controlled within 0.3mm, and the normal accuracy is better than 0.5°.

Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MRP1) is a broad-specificity, primary active transporter of organic anion conjugates that confers a multidrug resistance phenotype when transfected into drug sensitive cells. MRP1 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transmembrane transporters and contains three membrane-spanning domains (MSDs) and two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). To facilitate studies on the structure and function of MRP1, I have expressed MRP1, as well as a number of MRP1 polypeptides, in Spodoptera frugiperda cells using a baculovirus expression system. The full length protein transported leukotriene C4 (LTC4) with kinetic parameters very similar to those of MRP1 produced in transfected HeLa cells. Furthermore, co-expression of a combination of two half molecules or polypeptides corresponding to amino acids 1–281 and the remainder of the protein, reconstituted a functional transporter with characteristics similar to those of the full-length MRP1. In addition, I have shown that a major part of the cytoplasmic region linking the NH2-proximal NBD of the protein to the COOH-proximal MSD is not required for active transport of LTC 4. To investigate the role of NBDs in MRP1's function, I have compared the ability of each NBD to be photoaffinity labeled with 8-azido-[32P]ATP and to trap 8-azido-[32P]ADP in the presence of orthovanadate. NBD1 binds 8-azido-[32P]ATP preferentially while trapping of 8-azido-[32P]ADP occurred predominantly at NBD2. The functional nonequivalency of the two NBDs of MRP1 was supported by data obtained from analysis of Walker A lysine mutant proteins.

Background：The diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS）,especially hypoplastic MDS,and MDS with low blast counts or normal karyotype may be problematic.This study characterized ID4 gene methylation in patients with MDS and aplastic anemia （AA）.Methods：The methylation status ofID4 was analyzed by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR （MethyLight PCR） in 100 patients with MDS and 31 patients with AA.Results：The MDS group had a higher ID4 gene methylation positivity rate （22.22%） and higher methylation levels （0.21 [0-3.79]） than the AA group （P 〈 0.05）.Furthermore,there were significant differences between the hypoplastic MDS and AA groups,the MDS with low blast count and the AA groups,and the MDS with normal karyotype and the AA groups.The combination of genetic and epigenetic markers was used in much more patients with MDS （62.5% [35/56]） than the use of genetic markers only （51.79% [29/56]）.Conclusions：These results showed that the detection ofID4 methylation positivity rates and levels could be a useful biomarker for MDS diagnosis.