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HighlightsMo–MXene/Mo–metal sulfides with semiconductor junctions and Mott–Schottky junctions are designed.Built-in electric field are constructed in semiconductor–semiconductor–metal heterostructure, enhancing dielectric polarization and impedance matching.Density functional theory calculations and Radar cross-section simulations confirmed the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption ability of heterostructures.The exploration of novel multivariate heterostructures has emerged as a pivotal strategy for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials. However, the loss mechanism in traditional heterostructures is relatively simple, guided by empirical observations, and is not monotonous. In this work, we presented a novel semiconductor–semiconductor–metal heterostructure system, Mo–MXene/Mo–metal sulfides (metal = Sn, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cu), including semiconductor junctions and Mott–Schottky junctions. By skillfully combining these distinct functional components (Mo–MXene, MoS2, metal sulfides), we can engineer a multiple heterogeneous interface with superior absorption capabilities, broad effective absorption bandwidths, and ultrathin matching thickness. The successful establishment of semiconductor–semiconductor–metal heterostructures gives rise to a built-in electric field that intensifies electron transfer, as confirmed by density functional theory, which collaborates with multiple dielectric polarization mechanisms to substantially amplify EMW absorption. We detailed a successful synthesis of a series of Mo–MXene/Mo–metal sulfides featuring both semiconductor–semiconductor and semiconductor–metal interfaces. The achievements were most pronounced in Mo–MXene/Mo–Sn sulfide, which achieved remarkable reflection loss values of − 70.6 dB at a matching thickness of only 1.885 mm. Radar cross-section calculations indicate that these MXene/Mo–metal sulfides have tremendous potential in practical military stealth technology. This work marks a departure from conventional component design limitations and presents a novel pathway for the creation of advanced MXene-based composites with potent EMW absorption capabilities.

HighlightsOptimization strategies for high-performance Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) cathode material are well summarized and discussed, including carbon coating or modification, foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology design.The foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted, involving the Na, V, and PO43− sites, which include single-site doping, multiple-site doping, single-ion doping and multiple-ion doping.Challenges and future perspectives for high-performance NVP cathode material are presented.Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity, superior ion conductivity and high structural stability. However, the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density, which strictly confine its further application in SIBs. Thus, it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode material. Up to now, many methods have been developed to optimize the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material. In this review, the latest advances in optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material are well summarized and discussed, including carbon coating or modification, foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology design. The foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted, involving Na, V, and PO43− sites, which include single-site doping, multiple-site doping, single-ion doping, multiple-ion doping and so on. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of high-performance NVP cathode material are also put forward. It is believed that this review can provide a useful reference for designing and developing high-performance NVP cathode material toward the large-scale application in SIBs.

The excellent dielectric properties and tunable structural design of metal sulfides have attracted considerable interest in realizing electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption. However, compared with traditional monometallic and bimetallic sulfides that are extensively studied, the unique physical characteristics of solid‐solution‐type sulfides in response to EMW have not been revealed yet. Herein, a unique method for preparing high‐purity solid‐solution‐type sulfides is proposed based on solid‐phase in situ exsolution of different metal ions from hybrid precursors. Utilizing CoAl‐LDH/MIL‐88A composite as a precursor, Fe0.8Co0.2S single‐phase nanoparticles are uniformly in situ formed on an amorphous substrate (denoted as CoAl), forming CoAl/Fe0.8Co0.2S heterostructure. Combing with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and wave absorption simulations, it is revealed that Fe0.8Co0.2S solid solution has stronger intracrystal polarization and electronic conductivity than traditional monometallic and bimetallic sulfides, which lead to higher dielectric properties in EM field. Therefore, CoAl/Fe0.8Co0.2S heterostructure exhibits significantly enhanced EMW absorption ability in the low‐frequency region (2–6 GHz) and can achieve frequency screening by selectively absorbing EMW of specific frequency. This work not only provides a unique method for preparing high‐purity solid‐solution‐type sulfides but also fundamentally reveals the physical essence of their excellent EMW absorption performance. In situ exsolution strategy is developed to construct CoAl/Fe0.8Co0.2S heterostructures, in which solid‐solution‐type sulfides inherit internal crystal polarization and outstanding dielectric loss ability.

HighlightsMn-based electrode materials, including oxides, Prussian blue analogues and polyanion compounds, are introduced systematically for aqueous sodium-ion batteries.The composition, crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of Mn-based electrode materials are reviewed.The improvement methods of electrochemical performance, such as electrolyte optimization, element doping or substitution, morphology optimization and carbon modification, are discussed.Aqueous sodium-ion batteries have attracted extensive attention for large-scale energy storage applications, due to abundant sodium resources, low cost, intrinsic safety of aqueous electrolytes and eco-friendliness. The electrochemical performance of aqueous sodium-ion batteries is affected by the properties of electrode materials and electrolytes. Among various electrode materials, Mn-based electrode materials have attracted tremendous attention because of the abundance of Mn, low cost, nontoxicity, eco-friendliness and interesting electrochemical performance. Aqueous electrolytes having narrow electrochemical window also affect the electrochemical performance of Mn-based electrode materials. In this review, we introduce systematically Mn-based electrode materials for aqueous sodium-ion batteries from cathode and anode materials and offer a comprehensive overview about their recent development. These Mn-based materials include oxides, Prussian blue analogues and polyanion compounds. We summarize and discuss the composition, crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of Mn-based electrode materials. The improvement methods based on electrolyte optimization, element doping or substitution, optimization of morphology and carbon modification are highlighted. The perspectives of Mn-based electrode materials for future studies are also provided. We believe this review is important and helpful to explore and apply Mn-based electrode materials in aqueous sodium-ion batteries.

Blood-based protein biomarkers have recently shown as simpler diagnostic modalities for colorectal cancer, while their association with clinical pathological characteristics is largely unknown. In this study, we not only examined the sensitivity and reliability of single/multiple serum markers for diagnosis, but also assessed their connection with pathological parameters from a total of 279 colorectal cancer patients. Our study shown that glycoprotein carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) owns the highest sensitivity among single marker in the order of CEA > cancer antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) > cancer antigen 19-9 9 (CA19-9) > ferritin > cancer antigen 125 (CA125), while the most sensitive combined-markers for two to five were: CEA + CA72-4; CEA + CA72-4 + CA125; CEA + CA19-9 + CA72-4 + CA125; and CEA + CA19-9 + CA72-4 + CA125 + ferritin, respectively. We also demonstrated that patients who had positive preoperative serum CEA, CA19-9, or CA72-4 were more likely with lymph node invasion, positive CA125 were prone to have vascular invasion, and positive CEA or CA125 were correlated with perineural invasion. In addition, positive CA19-9, CA72-4, or CA125 was associated with poorly differentiated tumor, while CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, CA125 levels were positively correlated with pathological tumor-node-metastasis stages. We here conclude that combined serum markers can be used to not only diagnose colorectal cancer, but also appraise the tumor status for guiding treatment, evaluation of curative effect, and prognosis of patients.

There is a critical need for developing medical grade polymer filament to be used for 3D printing. In this work, a new filament made by medical grade thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) was produced by a single-screw extruder, and then tensile dumbbell specimens were printed by a fused deposition modeling (FDM) machine. In the FDM process, the effects of the orientation angle and printing temperature on part quality were studied. For each process, we aimed to achieve good quality parts by evaluating their tensile strength and break elongation. Microstructure analyses were performed on the dumbbell center and fracture surface of the tensile specimens, through the use of USB dignity microscopy. TPU specimens with the best mechanical properties made by FDM have 46.7 MPa tensile strength and 702% break elongation; they were processed under the condition of 215 °C temperature and a 45° orientation angle.

Simultaneous detection of different biomarkers from a single specimen in a single test, allowing more rapid, efficient, and low-cost analysis, is of great significance for accurate diagnosis of disease and efficient monitoring of therapy. Recently, developments in microfabrication and nanotechnology have advanced the integration of nanomaterials in microfluidic devices toward multiplex assays of biomarkers, combining both the advantages of microfluidics and the unique properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we focus on the state of the art in multiplexed detection of biomarkers based on nanomaterial-assisted microfluidics. Following an overview of the typical microfluidic analytical techniques and the most commonly used nanomaterials for biochemistry analysis, we highlight in detail the nanomaterial-assisted microfluidic strategies for different biomarkers. These highly integrated platforms with minimum sample consumption, high sensitivity and specificity, low detection limit, enhanced signals, and reduced detection time have been extensively applied in various domains and show great potential in future point-of-care testing and clinical diagnostics. Graphical abstract

The lysosome-targeting chimera (LYTAC) strategy provided a very powerful tool for the degradation of membrane proteins. However, the synthesis of LYTACs, antibody-small molecule conjugates, is challenging. The ability of antibody-based LYTACs to penetrate solid tumor is limited as well, especially to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we propose a covalent chimeric peptide-based targeted degradation platform (Pep-TACs) by introducing a long flexible aryl sulfonyl fluoride group, which allows proximity-enabled cross-linking upon binding with the protein of interest. The Pep-TACs platform facilitates the degradation of target proteins through the mechanism of recycling transferrin receptor (TFRC)-mediated lysosomal targeted endocytosis. Biological experiments demonstrate that covalent Pep-TACs can significantly degrade the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, especially under acidic conditions, and markedly enhance the function of T cells and tumor phagocytosis by macrophages. Furthermore, both in anti-PD-1-responsive and -resistant tumor models, the Pep-TACs exert significant anti-tumor immune response. It is noteworthy that Pep-TACs can cross the BBB and prolong the survival of mice with in situ brain tumor. As a proof-of-concept, this study introduces a modular TFRC-based covalent peptide degradation platform for the degradation of membrane protein, and especially for the immunotherapy of brain tumors. LYTAC strategies often face challenges in solid tumor penetration and synthesis. Here, the authors introduce Pep-TACs, a modular TFRC-based covalent peptide degradation platform that effectively degrades membrane protein PD-L1. This approach significantly suppresses both anti-PD-1-responsive and -resistant tumor growth, particularly in brain tumors.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with multiphase, multielement crystals such as transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) (based on V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pt and Pd) and transition metal phosphorous chalcogenides (TMPCs) offer a unique platform to explore novel physical phenomena. However, the synthesis of a single-phase/single-composition crystal of these 2D materials via chemical vapour deposition is still challenging. Here we unravel a competitive-chemical-reaction-based growth mechanism to manipulate the nucleation and growth rate. Based on the growth mechanism, 67 types of TMCs and TMPCs with a defined phase, controllable structure and tunable component can be realized. The ferromagnetism and superconductivity in FeXy can be tuned by the y value, such as superconductivity observed in FeX and ferromagnetism in FeS2 monolayers, demonstrating the high quality of as-grown 2D materials. This work paves the way for the multidisciplinary exploration of 2D TMPCs and TMCs with unique properties.A competitive-chemical-reaction-based growth mechanism by controlling the kinetic parameters can easily realize the growth of transition metal chalcogenides and transition metal phosphorous chalcogenides with different compositions and phases.

We report gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) doped iron-based metal-organic frameworks (GIM) which displays near-infrared light (NIR)-enhanced cascade nanozyme against hypoxic tumors. Due to the strong protein adsorption-induced surface passivation, AuNPs suffer from the loss of glucose oxidase (GOx) activity. However, GIM could protect the GOx-like activity of AuNPs with the satisfactory shield capability. In addition, GIM exhibited excellent photothermal conversion ability and unique NIR light-enhanced GOx-like activity, which could efficiently increase the endogenous H 2 O 2 production. Meanwhile, as the produced H 2 O 2 is converted by GIM into O 2 and highly toxic OH. Thus, GIM-catalyzed cascade reactions with NIR light irradiation not only offer the O 2 but also promote the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at tumor sites. The produced O 2 could be further applied to AuNPs catalytic oxidation of glucose and relieve hypoxic condition of tumor microenvironment (TME). As a proof-of-concept study, GIM demonstrates the admirable tumor ablation under NIR irradiation in vivo .