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Religious leaders’ perceptions of the identification and referral of people with mental health problems in a Peruvian city
Religious leaders have the potential to play a significant role in the identification and referral of individuals with mental health problems.
This study sought to understand the perceptions of religious leaders in regards to identifying and referring parishioners with mental health issues to healthcare professionals, in Chimbote, Peru.
We performed a cross-sectional study that covered religious leaders of different religious groups in Chimbote. The leaders completed a survey that assessed their characteristics, past experiences of detecting and referring those with mental health problems to healthcare professionals, and perceptions of four clinical cases (for which we used the Clergy's Perception of Mental Illness Survey instrument).
We included 109 religious' leaders of four religious groups (11 Catholics, 70 Evangelicals, 21 Mormons, and 7 Adventists). Of these, 50.5% had received at least one request for help with mental health issues from a parishioner in the previous month, over 85% expressed a desire for training in identifying mental health problems, and 22-30% reported receiving any training. While the majority of leaders were able to correctly identify cases of depression, alcohol dependence, and drug problems, only 62% correctly classified a case of schizophrenia. Despite this, 80% stated that they would refer their parishioners to healthcare professionals.
Parishioners tend to consult their religious leaders regarding their mental health and approximately 80% stated they would refer such cases to a healthcare professional. However, less than one-third of the leaders had received training to detect mental health problems. These results suggest that there is a need for training programs to improve the ability of religious leaders to identify and refer individuals with mental health issues.
Journal Article
Recent perspectives on task-based language learning and teaching
The last three decades have witnessed a growth of interest in research on tasks from various perspectives and numerous books and collections of articles have been published focusing on the notion of task and its utility in different contexts. Nevertheless, what is lacking is a multi-faceted examination of tasks from different important perspectives. This edited volume, with four sections of three chapters each, views tasks and Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) from four distinct (but complementary) vantage points. In the first section, all chapters view tasks from a cognitive-interactionist angle with each addressing one key facet of either cognition or interaction (or both) in different contexts (CALL and EFL/ESL). Section two hinges on the idea that language teaching and learning is perhaps best conceptualized, understood, and investigated within a complexity theory framework which accounts for the dynamicity and interrelatedness of the variables involved. Viewing TBLT from a sociocultural lens is what connects the chapters included in the third section. Finally, the fourth section views TBLT from pedagogical and curricular vantage points.
Book
The Apoplast: A Key Player in Plant Survival
The apoplast comprises the intercellular space, the cell walls, and the xylem. Important functions for the plant, such as nutrient and water transport, cellulose synthesis, and the synthesis of molecules involved in plant defense against both biotic and abiotic stresses, take place in it. The most important molecules are ROS, antioxidants, proteins, and hormones. Even though only a small quantity of ROS is localized within the apoplast, apoplastic ROS have an important role in plant development and plant responses to various stress conditions. In the apoplast, like in the intracellular cell compartments, a specific set of antioxidants can be found that can detoxify the different types of ROS produced in it. These scavenging ROS components confer stress tolerance and avoid cellular damage. Moreover, the production and accumulation of proteins and peptides in the apoplast take place in response to various stresses. Hormones are also present in the apoplast where they perform important functions. In addition, the apoplast is also the space where microbe-associated molecular Patterns (MAMPs) are secreted by pathogens. In summary, the diversity of molecules found in the apoplast highlights its importance in the survival of plant cells.
Journal Article
The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder, defined as the growth of endometrial stromal cells and glands at extrauterine sites. Endometriotic lesions are more frequently located into the abdominal cavity, although they can also be implanted in distant places. Among its etiological factors, the presence of immune dysregulation occupies a prominent place, pointing out the beneficial and harmful outcomes of macrophages in the pathogenesis of this disease. Macrophages are tissue-resident cells that connect innate and adaptive immunity, playing a key role in maintaining local homeostasis in healthy conditions and being critical in the development and sustainment of many inflammatory diseases. Macrophages accumulate in the peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis, but their ability to clear migrated endometrial fragments seems to be inefficient. Hence, the characteristics of the peritoneal immune system in endometriosis must be further studied to facilitate the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In this review, we summarize recent relevant advances obtained in both mouse, as the main animal model used to study endometriosis, and human, focusing on peritoneal macrophages obtained from endometriotic patients and healthy donors, under the perspective of its future clinical translation to the role that these cells play on this pathology.
Journal Article
Non-coding RNA regulates phage sensitivity in Listeria monocytogenes
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained increasing attention as their diverse roles in virulence and environmental stress in Listeria monocytogenes have become clearer. The ncRNA rliB is an atypical member of the CRISPR family, conserved at the same genomic locus in all analyzed L . monocytogenes genomes and also in other Listeria species. In this study, rliB defective mutants (Lm3-22-Δ rliB ) were constructed by homologous recombination. The growth cycle of Lm3-22-Δ rliB mutants was slower than that of wild-type Lm3-22. The sensitivity of Lm3-22-Δ rliB to the Listeria phage vB-LmoM-SH3-3 was significantly increased, and the efficiency of plaque formation was enhanced by 128 fold. Compared with wild type, the adhesion and invasion of Lm3-22-Δ rliB decreased significantly (9.3% and 1.33%, respectively). After 4 hours of infection, the proliferation of Lm3-22-Δ rliB in RAW264.7 cells also decreased significantly. Transcription level of invasion-related surface proteins showed that the internalin genes lmo0610 and lm0514, and the peptidoglycan binding protein gene lmo1799 in Lm3-22-Δ rliB were significantly increased. In addition, after interaction with phage, the transcription levels of inlA , lmo0610, lmo1799, lmo2085, and lmo0514 in Lm3-22-Δ rliB cells were significantly upregulated, while inlB was downregulated, compared with Lm3-22 control group with phage treatment. Therefore, rliB deletion effectively regulated the interaction between Listeria and phage, weaken its invasion ability, and provided a new theoretical basis for biocontrol of phage.
Journal Article
Impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 pandemic on the morbidity and mortality of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients in Valencia, Spain
Background and purpose The purpose was to describe the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and related death and to assess the impact of the pandemic in the survival of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Methods The risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, hospitalization for COVID‐19 and related death was assessed in ALS patients alive between March 2020 and July 2022. To evaluate its impact in the overall survival of ALS patients, the survival of patients who died before and during the pandemic was compared. Results Amongst 263 ALS patients alive during the pandemic, 62 got infected during the study period (infection rate 14.34 per 100 person‐years). Most infections (68%) occurred during the sixth wave (November 2021 to January 2022) and most patients (67%) were vaccinated at the time of infection. The hospitalization rate due to COVID‐19 was 4.16 per 100 person‐years. The multivariable model confirmed non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) use prior to infection as a risk factor for hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 7.96, p = 0.003) and COVID‐19 vaccination as a protective factor (OR = 0.093, p = 0.025) independent of age, sex and gastrostomy. Within 30 days after infection, 7% of non‐ventilated patients started NIV and five patients (8.06%) died, of whom four were previously ventilated. The median survival of ALS patients was similar before and during the pandemic and no effect was found in the Cox regression model (hazard ratio 1.02, p = 0.89). Conclusions This study shows a high risk of severe COVID‐19 amongst ALS patients requiring NIV. Nevertheless, the pandemic showed no impact in the overall survival of ALS patients, probably due to a high vaccination rate and an adequate access to healthcare resources.
Journal Article
Advances in endophytic fungi research: a data analysis of 25 years of achievements and challenges
Research on fungal endophytes has demonstrated the ability to improve crop performance and protect host plants against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Yet, despite the exponential growth of this topic, a whole outline to reflect the relevance and extent of each study type is missing. Hence, we performed an analysis of all available literature to expose the characteristics and limitations of this research field. Our results suggested that, overall, there is still a tendency to study the most known models in plant-fungal-stress combinations (ascomycetous fungi, grasses, abiotic stress). Fungal endophytes in dicot plants or against biotic stress, though promising, are still quite unexplored. All these data could lead future studies to assess less considered study factors that might help discern the beneficial effects of fungal endophytes with more extent and accuracy.
Journal Article
