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Penetrating injuries of the cranium are relatively uncommon, only 0.4% of all head injuries. In patients with disturbed conscious level, an extensive examination should be performed in the emergency unit to rule out transorbital penetrating brain injury. A 25-year-old male was attacked with a dagger. He presented with ethylic intoxication and the physical examination demonstrated a small skin injury on the lateral canthus of the left eye with a large periocular hematoma which prevented eyelid opening. Cranial CT scan showed a metallic intraorbital foreign body consisting of a fragment of a dagger which perforated the eyeball, and penetrated through the superomedial wall of the orbit into the anterior cranial fossa. Reconstruction of the eyeball was performed and the fragment was removed. Orbital injuries with a knife in situ are very unusual. Early identification and removal of retained foreign bodies are essential.

In this paper, liner - fuel mass diffusion and the effect of the liner material on mass ablation, energy and magnetic flux losses are studied in a MagLIF fusion-like plasma. The analysis performed in [García-Rubio and Sanz, Phys. Plasmas 24, 072710 (2017)] is extended to liner materials of an arbitrary atomic number. The liner ablates and penetrates into the hot spot, compressing and cooling down the fuel. The magnetic flux in the fuel is lost by Nernst convection through the ablated liner - fuel interface, called ablated border. Increasing the liner atomic number leads to a reduction of both energy and magnetic flux losses in the fuel for a small and moderate magnetization values. Mass diffusion is confined within a thin layer at the ablated border. Concentration gradient and baro-diffusion are the predominant mechanisms leading to liner - fuel mixing. The width of the diffusion layer may be comparable to the turbulent mixing layer resulting from the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the ablated border. An asymptotic analysis performed for large liner atomic number Z_{2} shows that mass ablation, energy and magnetic flux losses and liner - fuel mass diffusion scale as 1/\\sqrt{Z_{2}}.

Energy partition between ions and electrons in collisionless shocks has long been an unsolved fundamental physical problem. We show that kinetic simulations of moderate Alfvénic Mach number, magnetized, collisionless shocks reveal rapid, faster-than-Coulomb, energy exchange between ions and electrons when the plasma is sufficiently magnetized. Using kinetic and multi-fluid models with counter-streaming ions, we identify resonances between electron whistler and ion magnetohydrodynamic waves that account for this rapid energy exchange.

Two experiments on the OMEGA Laser System used oblique proton radiography to measure magnetic fields in cylindrical implosions with and without an applied axial magnetic field. Although the goal of both experiments was to measure the magnitude of the compressed axial magnetic field in the core of the implosion, this field was obfuscated by two features in the coronal plasma produced by the compression beams: an azimuthal self-generated magnetic field and small length scale, high-amplitude structures attributed to collisionless effects. In order to understand these features, synthetic radiographs are generated using fields produced by 3-D HYDRA simulations. These synthetic radiographs reproduce the features of the experimental radiographs with the exception of the small-scale structures. A direct inversion algorithm is successfully applied to a synthetic radiograph, but is only partially able to invert the experimental radiographs in part because some protons are blocked by the field coils. The origins of the radiograph features and their dependence on various experimental parameters are explored. The results of this analysis should inform future measurements of compressed axial magnetic fields in cylindrical implosions.

We introduce a novel algorithm for ℓ0-norm feature selection that formulates the task as a combinatorial optimisation problem solved through Simulated Annealing (SA) to optimise the Fisher Discriminant Ratio (FDR), which serves as a computationally efficient proxy for model quality in classification tasks. The resulting SA-FDR algorithm is evaluated on multiple publicly available datasets with up to hundreds of thousands of samples and hundreds of features, consistently achieving high predictive accuracy while selecting more compact feature subsets than other commonly used algorithms such as recursive feature elimination or Lasso. This ability to recover informative yet minimal sets of features stems from its capacity to capture inter-feature dependencies often missed by greedy optimisation approaches. Therefore, SA-FDR constitutes a flexible and effective approach for designing models in high-dimensional settings, particularly when model sparsity, interpretability, and performance are crucial.

Replication forks stall at different DNA obstacles such as those originated by transcription. Fork stalling can lead to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that will be preferentially repaired by homologous recombination when the sister chromatid is available. The Rrm3 helicase is a replisome component that promotes replication upon fork stalling, accumulates at highly transcribed regions and prevents not only transcription-induced replication fork stalling but also transcription-associated hyper-recombination. This led us to explore the possible role of Rrm3 in the repair of DSBs when originating at the passage of the replication fork. Using a mini-HO system that induces mainly single-stranded DNA breaks, we show that rrm3Δ cells are defective in DSB repair. The defect is clearly seen in sister chromatid recombination, the major repair pathway of replication-born DSBs. Our results indicate that Rrm3 recruitment to replication-born DSBs is crucial for viability, uncovering a new role for Rrm3 in the repair of broken replication forks.

Influenza vaccination is annually recommended for specific populations at risk, such as older adults. We estimated the 2018/2019 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) overall, by influenza subtype, type of vaccine, and by time elapsed since vaccination among subjects 65 years old or over in a multicenter prospective study in the Valencia Hospital Surveillance Network for the Study of Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses (VAHNSI, Spain). Information about potential confounders was obtained from clinical registries and/or by interviewing patients and vaccination details were only ascertained by registries. A test-negative design was performed in order to estimate IVE. As a result, IVE was estimated at 46% (95% confidence interval (CI): (16%, 66%)), 41% (95% CI: (-34%, 74%)), and 45% (95% CI: (7%, 67%)) against overall influenza, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2), respectively. An intra-seasonal not relevant waning effect was detected. The IVE for the adjuvanted vaccine in ≥75 years old was 45% (2%, 69%) and for the non-adjuvanted vaccine in 65-74 years old was 59% (-16%, 86%). Thus, our data revealed moderate vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) and not significant against A(H1N1)pdm09. Significant protection was conferred by the adjuvanted vaccine to patients ≥75 years old. Moreover, an intra-seasonal not relevant waning effect was detected, and a not significant IVE decreasing trend was observed over time.

Backgorund: Textbook outcome (TO) is a composite measure that reflects the most desirable surgical results as a single indicator. The aim of this study was to assess the achievement of TO at a hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery unit in a Spanish tertiary hospital. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of all consecutive patients who underwent HPB surgery over a 4-year period. Morbidity according to the Clavien-Dindo classification at 30 days, hospital stay, risk of morbidity and mortality according to the POSSUM, and mortality and readmissions at 90 days were recorded. TO was considered when a patient presented no major complications (≥IIIA), no mortality, no readmission, and no prolonged length of stay (≤75th). Results: 283 patients were included. Morbidity >IIIA was reported in 21.6%, and 5.7% died; the median postoperative stay was 4 days. TO was achieved in 56.2% of patients. Comparing patients who presented TO with those who did not, significant differences were recorded for the type of procedure and the expected risk of morbidity and mortality calculated according to the POSSUM scale. There were significant differences between patients with major resections (TO rates: major hepatectomy (46.3%) and major pancreatectomy (52.5%)) and those with minor resections (TO rates minor hepatectomy (67.7%) and minor pancreatectomy (40.4%)). Conclusions: TO is a useful management tool for assessing postoperative results.

Purpose This study evaluated the in vitro anthelmintic (AH) activity against Haemonchus contortus of ten extracts obtained from coffee pulp waste ( Coffea canephora (Co)), maize comb waste ( Zea mays (Zm)), pangola grass hay ( Digitaria eriantha Steud (Di) and different mixtures of those materials . Methods Three batches prepared with individual feedstuffs (T1, T2 and T3), 3 batches formed with 2 feedstuffs (50:50 proportion; T4, T5 and T6), a batch combining 3 feedstuffs (T7) and 3 batches combining 3 feedstuffs (T8, T9 and T10). The batches of individual feedstuffs and mixtures were used to determine their chemical composition as well as preparing 10 methanol–water (70–30%) extracts. The in vitro tests used against H. contortus were egg hatch test (EHT), larval mortality test (LMT) and larval exsheathment inhibition test (LEIT). Results Chemical composition suggested that the nutritional value of Co and the batches including Co (T1, T4, T6 to T10) could be used for ruminant nutrition, but the Di and Zm showed very poor nutritional potential unless they are combined with Co. Extracts showing activity against eggs were T4 and T8 (P < 0.05). Significant L 3 mortality was reported for extracts T1, T3, T4 and T8 (P < 0.05). Extracts of T3, T4, T7, T8 and T10 showed an EC50 < 1000 μg/mL for the L 3 exsheathment inhibition (P < 0.05). Chemical analyses showed the presence of coumarins and flavonoids in all the extracts. Conclusion Extracts obtained from T4 and T8 showed the best overall activity in the three in vitro tests against H. contortus and a good nutritional quality that could be suited for ruminant nutrition. Graphical Abstract

Background/Objectives: Like many other countries, the management of pancreatic cancer in Spain has developed in a fragmented manner. This study analyzes clinical outcomes related to patient volume at different centers after left pancreatectomy (LP). Our goal is to determine whether our practices align with the standards established in the literature and assess whether centralization’s advantages significantly outweigh its disadvantages. Methods: The SPANDISPAN Project (SPANish DIStal PANcreatectomy) is an observational, prospective, multicenter study focused on LP conducted in Spanish Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery Units from 1 February 2022 to 31 January 2023. HPB units were defined as high volume if they performed more than 10 LPs annually. Results: This study included 313 patients who underwent LP at 42 centers across Spain over the course of a year. A total of 40.3% of the procedures were performed in high-volume centers. Significant differences in preoperative variables were only observed in ASA scores, which were higher in the high-volume group. Intraoperatively, minimally invasive surgical techniques were performed more frequently in high-volume centers. Postoperatively, the administration of somatostatin, major complications, and B and C postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) were more frequent in low-volume hospitals. Conclusions: The findings revealed that high-volume centers had a higher rate of minimally invasive surgery, lower intraoperative bleeding, fewer complications, and reduced POPFs compared to low-volume centers. However, it is important to note that low-volume centers still demonstrated acceptable outcomes. Thus, the selective referral of more complex laparoscopic procedures could initiate a gradual centralization of surgical practices.