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This study uses largescale cross-national time-diary data from the Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) (N = 201,972) covering the period from 2005 to 2015 to examine gender differences in time use by age groups. The study compares ten industrialized countries across Asia, Europe, and North America. In all ten countries, gender differences in time use are smaller in personal care, sleeping and meals, followed by leisure time (including screen-based leisure and active leisure), and largest in housework, care work and paid work activities. Gender disparities in time use are higher in South Korea, Hungary, and Italy, followed closely by Spain, with moderate gender gaps in Western European countries like France and Netherlands, and lowest differences in Finland and Anglo-Saxon countries, including Canada, US, and the UK. Gender differences in housework and caring time increase from adolescence (10–17 years) to early adulthood (18–29 years), showing strong gender gaps in early/middle adulthood (30–44 years), but narrow again during late adulthood (65 years or older). However, the age gradient in care work and housework is most pronounced in Italy and South Korea, being less prominent in Canada and Finland. Gender gaps in paid work are larger in early/middle adulthood (30–44) and middle/late adulthood (45–64), with strongest age gradients observed in the Netherlands and weaker gradients for the US. Gender differences in active leisure increase by age, especially in Southern European countries, while screen-based leisure shows more stable gender gaps by age groups across different countries. Overall, this study shows that age and gender intersect strongly in affecting time-use patterns, but also that the national context plays an important role in shaping gender-age interactions in time use allocation.

Housework has long been associated with gender roles, with women traditionally burdened as the primary caregivers in many societies. However, most studies focus on the general population or on couples. This study explores the often overlooked domain of housework in one-person households, where the negotiation of tasks and roles is absent and individuals are solely responsible for their domestic chores. Drawing from data collected across 19 countries, the research examines the time allocated to housework by men and women, shedding light on gender disparities in one-person living situations. Data come from time-use surveys available in several harmonized databases. The analysis focuses on routine housework tasks, encompassing cleaning, food preparation, cooking, and laundry, which tend to show pronounced gender differences. The study is based on descriptive estimates by country and type of living arrangement, and multivariate regression to predicted gender gaps in routine housework in one-person households by country. The persistence of gender disparities in routine housework remains evident in one-person households, although it is less pronounced than in other living arrangements.

Objective: This study examined the differences in child and adolescent time use across the following three countries with distinct policy and cultural regimes: Finland, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Background: Studying children's time use cross-nationally is urgent to better understand how societal contexts influence children's daily lives in ways that affect their future lifestyles, development, and identity formation. Yet previous studies have largely omitted this important question. Method: The study used 2009 to 015 time-diary data on children aged 10 to 17 from Finland, Spain, and the United Kingdom (N = 3,491). Multivariate linear regression models examined (a) between-country and (b) within-country variations. Results: Finnish children spent 153 daily minutes less with parents, 128 more with \"others\" and 54 daily minutes more alone when compared with Spanish children. The United Kingdom fell between Finland and Spain in children's time allocated with parents and time with \"others.\" In family-oriented Spain, children spent more time eating; in individualistic Finland and United Kingdom, child screen-based time was highest. Parental education generally led to more time in educational activities, but with minor country variations. Maternal employment was generally not associated with child time use, except in Spain, where it led to less parent-child time. Conclusion: The strong cross-national differences in child and adolescent time use seem only partly driven by sociostructural factors. Cross-cultural variations in family values and parenting ideologies seem to critically influence children's daily activities.

Although most countries show a general convergence in men's and women's investment in domestic labor, women continue doing more housework, especially among couples with children. However, cross-national descriptive estimates have focused exclusively on routine tasks, thus overlooking potential change in gender inequality in non-routine tasks, as well as the total housework investment, which varies significantly across countries. Our aims are twofold: (1) to provide the most recent estimates of housework investments from time-use diaries across all tasks, (2) to describe the relationships between total housework investment, gender inequality, and gender task segregation. Using the Harmonized European Time Use Survey (HETUS), we focus on different-sex couples living with children under the age of 18 across 15 European countries (n = 74,630). We measure housework across six primary tasks: cooking, cleaning, laundry, maintenance, gardening and pet care, and household administration. Mothers continue doing more housework than fathers across all 15 countries. The gender gap in housework is higher in countries with higher levels of total housework investment. However, we also find descriptive evidence that non-routine 'male-typed' tasks might be becoming gender-neutral. Housework scholars should re-visit the typology of task segregation and focus on a comparative investigation of the meaning and standards of housework and their relationship with gender inequality.

The gender gap in education that has long favored men has reversed for young adults in most upper- and middle-income countries. This reversal has major implications for the composition of marriage markets, assortative mating, gender equality, and marital outcomes such as divorce and childbearing. We focus on the implications for assortative mating and, in particular, for educational hypergamy: the pattern in which husbands have more education than their wives. We present findings from an almost comprehensive world-level analysis using census and survey microdata from 420 samples and 120 countries for the period 1960-2011. The reversal of the gender gap in education is strongly associated with the end of hypergamy and increases in hypogamy (wives having more education that their husbands). We provide near universal evidence of this trend, examine whether women are more likely to be the breadwinners when they marry men with lower education than themselves, discuss recent research regarding divorce risks among hypogamous couples, and examine attitudes about women earning more than their husbands.

Objective This paper explores if re‐partnering leads to less traditional divisions of domestic work by comparing men and women in different European countries. Background Divorce and re‐partnering have become more common, and we question if they are opening the scope for more gender‐balanced arrangements at home and new theoretical approaches. Method Using the two available waves of the Gender and Generation Survey for Western (France, Germany, and Austria) and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Lithuania, and the Czech Republic) for dual‐earner couples, we ran a series of logistic regressions to measure the probability of having traditional divisions of housework. Results We found less traditional arrangements among re‐partnered individuals, although we observed different patterns in each country. Respondents in Western Europe were less likely to have traditional divisions after separation than those who never experienced a breakup, suggesting that men's and women's successive unions differ from the previous ones in terms of housework sharing. However, in Eastern Europe, this association was only significant for men and not for women. Conclusions We provided empirical support for a less traditional division of housework among re‐partnered individuals, but the West/East divide was only observed among females. Implications Our results support the three classic theories that attempted to explain the division of housework between men and women. Nonetheless, they also suggest that among re‐partnered couples, we can consider the additional hypothesis of adaptative strategy, especially among men. This has implications for gender equality and family theories, as it opens the door to consider new theoretical perspectives to explain gender dynamics after union dissolution.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors harboring mutations in EGFR ultimately relapse to therapy with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs). Here, we show that resistant cells without the p.T790M or other acquired mutations are sensitive to the Aurora B (AURKB) inhibitors barasertib and S49076. Phospho-histone H3 (pH3), a major product of AURKB, is increased in most resistant cells and treatment with AURKB inhibitors reduces the levels of pH3, triggering G1/S arrest and polyploidy. Senescence is subsequently induced in cells with acquired mutations while, in their absence, polyploidy is followed by cell death. Finally, in NSCLC patients, pH3 levels are increased after progression on EGFR TKIs and high pH3 baseline correlates with shorter survival. Our results reveal that AURKB activation is associated with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs, and that AURKB constitutes a potential target in NSCLC progressing to anti-EGFR therapy and not carrying resistance mutations. Non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations are known to develop resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, the authors show AURKB activation to be associated with resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells, and that AURKB is a therapeutic target in resistant tumours that lack the p.T790M or other acquired mutations.

This is a modification of the original retromuscular approach of Rives-Stoppa-Wantz for midline hernia reconstruction. This novel approach preserves the safety and efficacy of the original one while offering two key advantages: maintaining the anatomical and functional integrity of the cranial portion of the posterior rectus sheath and enabling a wider cranial dissection, essential for achieving greater overlap in M1-M2 hernias. Between January 2015 and September 2024, 100 patients underwent surgery (82 open, 18 laparoscopic). A total of 19 surgical site occurrences were recorded, of which 7 required procedural intervention. There were 5 cases of surgical site infection, 4 superficial and 1 deep. During a mean follow-up of 24,2 months, 3 CT-scan-confirmed recurrences and 4 cases of bulging were observed. The MR technique enables safe and effective retromuscular-preperitoneal reconstruction of midline hernias, minimizing recurrences and improving the long-term structural integrity of the abdominal wall. [Display omitted] •Modified retromuscular repair improves cranial mesh overlap in M1–M2 hernias.•Preperitoneal-prediaphragmatic plane enhances safety of epigastric dissection.•Technique preserves posterior rectus sheath and transversus abdominis insertion, improving cranial abdominal wall support.•3 ​% recurrence and 1 ​% symptomatic bulging after long-term follow-up.•Suitable for open and laparoscopic approaches in midline hernia repair.

Marriage is a central institution for social reproduction in East Asia. Until the 1970s and 1980s, marriage across much of East Asia was early and universal. In recent decades, though, this pattern has begun shifting to one of later and less marriage. We explore the long-term implications for universal marriage patterns of future demographic change in marriage markets in the context of prevailing marriage norms by projecting trends in late singlehood (ages 45 to 49) in four East Asian societies (China, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan). We estimate forces of attraction to characterize marriage matching norms by age and education across these different societies by drawing on large-scale population data. Next, we develop counterfactual scenarios in which we apply contemporary norms to future population structures in these societies, as well as scenarios based on more gender-symmetrical matching norms to examine how populations who have never been married by ages 45 to 49 would evolve. Our projections indicate that in the coming decades there will be a substantial increase in late singlehood across all these societies relative to their 2010 levels. These increases in singlehood are driven by forthcoming demographic changes in the marriage market that intensify the effects of prevailing matching norms. These increases are notable in Taiwan and South Korea, where recent data indicate generalized weak propensities to marry in current norms. While a shift toward greater gender symmetry in matching norms would reverse gender gaps between men and women in nonmarriage, it would have little impact on the overall projected proportions of singles by ages 45 to 49. If prevailing norms in each of these contexts continue, the universality of marriage will be substantially eroded in the coming decades, even if norms become more gender symmetrical. The extent to which nonmarital cohabitation and childbearing emerge in the future will determine how marriage will influence fertility trends, population growth, aging, and social reproduction.

Cancer progression and metastases are frequently related to changes of cell motility. Amongst others, the microRNA-200c (miR-200c) was shown to maintain the epithelial state of cells and to hamper migration. Here, we describe two miR-200c inducible breast cancer cell lines, derived from miR-200c knock-out MCF7 cells as well as from the miR-200c-negative MDA-MB-231 cells and report on the emerging phenotypic effects after miR-200s induction. The induction of miR-200c expression seems to effect a rapid reduction of cell motility, as determined by 1D microlane migration assays. Sustained expression of miR200c leads to a changed morphology and reveals a novel mechanism by which miR-200c interferes with cytoskeletal components. We find that filamin A expression is attenuated by miRNA-200c induced downregulation of the transcription factors c-Jun and MRTF/SRF. This potentially novel pathway that is independent of the prominent ZEB axis could lead to a broader understanding of the role that miR200c plays in cancer metastasis.