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Description of the subject. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed waste, from the date industry in Mexico, is an attractive source of biomass for bioenergy due to its renewability, availability, and not being otherwise usable. Objectives. In this research project, we calculated and determined the amount of biofuel that could potentially be used from the thermal energy recovery of raw date seed (RDS) and processed date seed (PDS) through oil extraction. Method. The physicochemical composition and thermal behavior of RDS and PDS was determined to evaluate their usefulness for thermal energy production. Proximate and thermogravimetric analyses, Scanning Electron Microscope imaging, and different fuel properties such as Higher Heating Value (HHV), bulk, and energetic density and Fuel Value Index (FVI), were determined. Furthermore, the potential energy production from seed waste of the Mexican date industry was estimated. Results. The RDS presented better HHV 19.33 MJ.kg-1 and energetic density 14.42 MJ.m-3, however, PDS has lower moisture 5.12% and ash content 5.89%. The FVI of PDS is more favorable than RDS, 363.81 and 208.43 respectively. Conclusions. The potential energy production from date seeds produced in Mexico in 2018 was calculated RDS 10.17 TJ, PDS 8.04 TJ and Biodiesel 2.01 TJ and with a tendency to increase every year.

The shrub Ricinus communis, originally from Asia, has adapted to different regions of Mexico. The main value of this crop lies in the production of non-edible vegetable oil. In this work, extracts from the leaves of R. communis were obtained using various solvents: methanol, ethanol, and water; as well as 80:20 mixtures of methanol:water and ethanol:water. The extraction yield ranged between 1.00 and 2.10 g of extract per 100 g of plant material. The aqueous extract showed the highest yield, while the methanol: water mixture had the lowest. A SEM-EDS analysis was applied to the leaves before and after the extraction. The extracts were tested as antioxidants through free radical scavenging assays, ferric reducing capacity, and total phenolic content. The extract that exhibited the highest IC50 value was the water, followed by ethanol, with values of 38.94 and 331.01, respectively. The extract from the leaves of R. communis, demonstrated antioxidant properties. This suggests that this biomass can serve as a source of natural antioxidants, thus utilizing this by product of the crop. The SEM-EDS results indicate that the leaves were not contaminated with metals or other sources, supporting the use of these extracts in applications such as biodiesel.

Antibiotic resistance remains a major public health concern, particularly in regions with high rates of hospital- and community-acquired infections. This study aimed to quantify multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains in northern Mexico and to identify the most prevalent resistance phenotypes, the antibiotic classes with the highest resistance and susceptibility rates, the predominant MDR species, and the specimen types yielding the greatest number of isolates. Clinically relevant strains were collected from patients with confirmed infections. Microorganism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test-ing were performed using the Vitek 2 Compact system (bioMérieux), and the results were analyzed descriptively. Of the 1544 strains analyzed, 761 (49.29%) exhibited multidrug resistance. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated MDR species, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acinetobacter baumannii showed the highest resistance rate, with 95.55% of its strains classified as MDR, whereas P. aeruginosa had the lowest MDR proportion at 30.73%. These findings underscore the urgent need for rational antibiotic use and the development of new therapeutic agents, particularly those targeting Gram-negative bacilli, to mitigate the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance in this region.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global public health problem. It is a disease of multifactorial origin, and with this characteristic, having an accurate diagnosis of its incidence is a problem that health personnel face every day. That is why having all the indispensable tools to achieve optimal results is of utmost importance. Time is an essential factor when identifying heart problems, specialists look for and develop options to improve this aspect, which requires a thorough analysis of the patient, electrocardiograms being the factor standard for diagnosis and monitoring of patients. In this paper, we review patents and combined systems for the analysis of existing electrocardiogram signals, specific to cardiovascular diseases. All these methods and equipment have the purpose of giving an accurate diagnosis and a prediction of the presence of CVD in patients with positive risk factors. These are considered as the first diagnostic option, based on the guidelines already established in the field of preventive cardiology. The methodology consists of the searching of specific electrocardiography and cardiovascular disease subjects, taking as a reference the use of various patent databases. A total of 2634 patents were obtained in the consulted databases. Of that total, only 30 patents that met all the previous criteria were considered; furthermore, a second in-depth review of their information was conducted. It is expected that studying and reviewing these patents will allow us to know the variety of tools available for the different pathologies that make up CVD, not only for its immediate diagnosis because, as mentioned, the time factor is decisive for the best forecast but also to allow us to follow up on all the cases that arise, being able to provide a better quality of life to patients with CVD or even being able to lead them to a full recovery.

The aim of this study was the characterization of fatty acids, antioxidant activity, some physical properties, nutrient content, sugars, and minerals in the pulp and seeds of the date cultivar ‘Medjool’ ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) grown in Mexico. The samples were obtained at maturity (Tamar) in the 2017 harvest season in the valleys of San Luis Rio Colorado and Mexicali, Mexico. The following average values were obtained on a % dry weight basis for pulp and seeds, respectively: protein, 3.14% and 4.84%; lipids, 0.75% and 9.94%; fiber, 6.34% and 66.79%; total sugars, 75.32% and 5.88%; reducing sugars, 70.26% and 4.40%; and sucrose, 5.06% and 1.46%. Analysis of the minerals revealed that the most abundant elements for the pulp were: potassium, 851.98 mg/100 g; magnesium, 142.97 mg/100 g; and phosphorus, 139.40 mg/100 g, whereas for the seeds, they were potassium, 413.36 mg/100 g; sulfur, 151.36 mg/100 g; and phosphorus, 92.42 mg/100 g. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the major unsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid, at 52.34% and 45.92%, respectively, for pulp and seeds. The main saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (6.75%) and lauric acid (17.24%) in pulp and seeds, respectively. The total phenolic content was 1.16 and 13.73 mg GAE/100 g for pulp and seeds, respectively. Finally, the antioxidant activities were: b-carotene, 65.50% and 47.75%; DPPH, 0.079 IC 50 g/L and 0.0046 IC 50 g/L; and ABTS, 13.72 IC 50 g/L and 0.238 IC 50 g/L, respectively. The results obtained in this study confirm that the ‘Medjool’ cultivar grown in Mexico has the same quality of nutrients and antioxidants as those grown in the other main date-producing countries.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pollen source on the nutritional composition of seeds of the ‘Medjool’ date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under conditions of northwest Mexico. The content of nutrients (protein, lipids, fiber, and ash), sugars (total, reducing, and non-reducing), and most abundant minerals, were evaluated, as well as antioxidant activities. The pollen of four cultivars (‘Deglet Noor’, ‘Khadrawy’, ‘Medjool’, and ‘Zahidi’) was selected. Four groups of three bunches were pollinated in each of the female palms. For the four treatments, the following ranges were obtained: Seeds had a weight of 1.32–1.41 g and low concentrations of protein (4.44–5.49 g/100 g) and lipids (9.62–10.19 g/100 g). The content of dietary fiber and ash was 59.65–72.59 g/100 g and 1.09–1.42 g/100 g, respectively. Total sugars content was 4.50–6.96 g/100 g, while the insoluble solids were 92.21–96.03 g/100 g. The predominant mineral was potassium with 399.97–459.79 mg/100 g dry weight, followed by sulfur with 135.51–162.67 mg/100 g dry weight. Finally, for antioxidant activities, DPPH (2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay results were 0.0014–0.0094 IC50 g/L and 0.176–0.299 IC50 g/L, respectively. The pollen sources had an effect on the physicochemical properties of the seeds of the ‘Medjool’ cultivar date. However, some of the parameters (diameter, total acidity, pH) did not show statistically significant differences. The pollen sources from the ‘Khadrawy’ and ‘Medjool’ cultivars were the ones that induced differences in physical, proximate, and nutritional parameters, while pollen from the ‘Zahidi’ source induced the largest differences for minerals. The results suggest that selection of the source of pollen has a significant effect on the nutritional properties of the date seed from the cultivar ‘Medjool’, and that its use could be feasible as a functional food or by-product of the date production.

Description of the subject. Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) seed waste, from the date industry in Mexico, is an attractive source of biomass for bioenergy due to its renewability, availability, and not being otherwise usable. Objectives. In this research project, we calculated and determined the amount of biofuel that could potentially be used from the thermal energy recovery of raw date seed (RDS) and processed date seed (PDS) through oil extraction. Method. The physicochemical composition and thermal behavior of RDS and PDS was determined to evaluate their usefulness for thermal energy production. Proximate and thermogravimetric analyses, Scanning Electron Microscope imaging, and different fuel properties such as Higher Heating Value (HHV), bulk, and energetic density and Fuel Value Index (FVI), were determined. Furthermore, the potential energy production from seed waste of the Mexican date industry was estimated. Results. The RDS presented better HHV 19.33 MJ·kg-1 and energetic density 14.42 MJ·m-3, however, PDS has lower moisture 5.12% and ash content 5.89%. The FVI of PDS is more favorable than RDS, 363.81 and 208.43 respectively. Conclusions. The potential energy production from date seeds produced in Mexico in 2018 was calculated RDS 10.17 TJ, PDS 8.04 TJ and Biodiesel 2.01 TJ and with a tendency to increase every year. Valeur bioénergétique des déchets de grains provenant de l'industrie mexicaine des dattes (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Description du sujet. Les déchets de grains de dattes (Phoenix dactylifera L.), provenant de l'industrie des dattes au Mexique, sont une source de biomasse intéressante étant donné leur contenu énergétique. En plus, ils représentent une ressource renouvelable et disponible qui n’est pas valorisée actuellement. Objectifs. Dans le présent travail, la récupération d'énergie thermique des grains de dattes brutes (GDB) et des grains de dattes transformées (GDT) a été calculée. Et aussi, nous avons estimé la quantité de biocarburant qui pourrait potentiellement être utilisée. Méthode. La composition physico-chimique et le comportement thermique du GDB et du GDT ont été déterminés pour évaluer leur utilité pour la production d'énergie thermique. Des analyses proximales et thermogravimétriques, une imagerie au microscope électronique à balayage et différentes propriétés du carburant telles que pouvoir calorifique supérieur (PCS), densité apparente et énergétique et indice de valeur du carburant (FVI) ont été déterminées. Ensuite, la production potentielle d'énergie à partir des déchets de grains de l'industrie mexicaine des dattes a été estimée. Résultats. Le GDB a présenté un meilleur PCS de 19,33 MJ·kg-1 et une densité énergétique de 14,42 MJ·m-3 ; cependant, le GDT a une humidité plus faible de 5,12 % et une teneur en cendres de 5,89 %. Le FVI du GDT est plus favorable que le GDB, 363,81 et 208,43 respectivement. Conclusions. La production d'énergie potentielle à partir des grains de dattes produites au Mexique en 2018 a été calculée en 10,17 TJ de GDB, 8,04 TJ de GDT et 2,01 TJ de biodiesel et avec une tendance à augmenter chaque année.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el uso de herramientas de la industria 4.0 por parte del personal directivo y gerencial en empresas manufactureras de la ciudad de Mexicali, por lo que ha sido importante elaborar evaluaciones del uso de las principales tecnologías como lo son el uso de internet de las cosas (loT), la Inteligencia Artificial, el Computo en la Nube, el Maciūne Learning y el Big Data. La metodología apficada fue cuasi-experimental con un enfoque longitudinal descriptivo mixto por encuesta. Para realizar el análisis se utilizó el análisis ANOVA. Entre los principales resultados se demuestra que en un incremento entre el 70% al 90% en la productividad y calidad evaluando si es de importancia el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas en la industria de Mexicali.

The efficacy of licensed direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens is assumed to be the same for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-monoinfected patients (HCV-Mono) and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (HCV-Co). However, the high sustained viral response (SVR) rates of DAA regimens and the small number of HIV-infected patients included in registration trials have made it difficult to identify predictors of treatment failure, including the presence of HIV. We compared treatment outcomes for ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) against HCV G1 in treatment-naïve HCV-Mono and HCV-Co without cirrhosis in a prospective registry of individuals receiving DAAs for HCV. Up to September 2017, a total of 17 269 patients were registered, and 1358 patients (1055 HCV-Mono/303 HCV-Co) met the inclusion criteria. Significant differences between HCV-Mono and HCV-Co were observed for age, gender, and G1 subtype distribution. Among HCV-Co, 99.0% were receiving antiretroviral therapy. SVR rates for LDV/SOF at 8 weeks did not differ significantly between HCV-Mono and HCV-Co (96.9% vs 94.0%; = .199). However, the SVR rate for LDV/SOF at 12 weeks was significantly higher for HCV-Mono than HCV-Co (97.2% vs 91.8%; = .001). A multivariable logistic regression model including age, sex, liver stiffness, G1 subtype, HCV-RNA, HIV, and treatment duration showed the factors associated with treatment failure to be male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-4.91; = .008) and HIV infection (aOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.13-4.38; = .020). The results of this large prospective study analyzing outcomes for LDV/SOF against HCV G1 in treatment-naïve noncirrhotic patients suggest that HIV infection is a predictor of treatment failure in patients with chronic hepatitis C.