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"Ge, Cheng"
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Clinical analysis of fungal keratitis in patients with and without diabetes
We compared the clinical characteristics, treatments, and prognoses of fungal keratitis in patients with and without diabetes. Patients diagnosed with fungal keratitis at Shandong Eye Institute between January 2010 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed and classified as diabetic and nondiabetic groups. One-hundred-and-eleven patients (111 eyes) with diabetes and 740 patients (740 eyes) without diabetes were included. The diabetic patients showed significantly older (p< 0.05) and lower male:female ratio (p<0.05). Plants trauma was the primary risk factor in both groups, and there was no significant difference of pathogen type (the most common was Fusarium genus, followed by Alternaria and Aspergillus genera). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that diabetes and topical glucocorticoid use were the independent risk factors for the severity of fungal keratitis. The recurrent infection rate between the diabetic and nondiabetic patients during the follow-up (6 to 24 months) after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) was not significantly different. Although the recurrent epithelial defect, rejection, and best-corrected visual acuity were similar between the patients with matched bed/graft size (7.75/8.0 mm) in the two groups 1 year after PKP, the incidence of delayed re-epithelialization (>7 days) was significantly higher in diabetic patients (3/10 versus 2/43 in nondiabetic patients, p<0.05). More specially, the diabetic patients with the duration ≥10 years showed more significantly delayed re-epithelialization than those with the diabetic duration less than 10 years (3/5 versus 1/26, p<0.05). In conclusion, the diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor that affect the severity of fungal keratitis. Corneal re-epithelialization was significantly delayed after PKP in the diabetic patients, especially with the duration ≥10 years.
Journal Article
التحول الأخضر للمدن الصينية : تحديات التغير المناخي وآليات استجابة بكين
يتناول كتاب (التحول الأخضر للمدن لصينية : تحديات التغير المناخي وآليات استجابة بكين) والذي قام بتأليفه (دو شوو خو) في حوالي (334) صفحة من القطع المتوسط موضوع (التنمية الاقتصادية الصينية) مستعرضا المحتويات في الأبواب التالية : الأول : تحديات تغير المناخ وسبل الاستجابة لها، الباب الثاني : التنمية المستدامة للبيئة الإيكولوجية الحضرية، الباب الثالث : حماية ومعالجة البيئة الجوية الحضرية، الباب الرابع : بناء نظم مؤشرات تقييم مدن \"النوع الثالث\"
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Cryptanalyzing image encryption using chaotic logistic map
Chaotic behavior arises from very simple non-linear dynamical equation of logistic map which makes it was used often in designing chaotic image encryption schemes. However, some properties of chaotic maps can also facilitate cryptanalysis especially when they are implemented in digital domain. Utilizing stable distribution of the chaotic states generated by iterating the logistic map, this paper presents a typical example to show insecurity of an image encryption scheme using chaotic logistic map. This work will push encryption and chaos be combined in a more effective way.
Journal Article
Long-Lasting Antidepressant Action of Ketamine, but Not Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitor SB216763, in the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Mice
Clinical studies demonstrate that the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, ketamine, induces rapid antidepressant effects in patients with refractive major depressive disorder and bipolar depression. This rapid onset of action makes ketamine a highly attractive drug for patients, particularly those who do not typically respond to therapy. A recent study suggested that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 may underlie the rapid antidepressant action of ketamine, although the precise mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of ketamine and GSK-3 inhibitor SB216763 in the unpredictable, chronic mild stress (CMS) mouse model of mice.
Adult C57/B6 male mice were divided into 2 groups, a non-stressed control group and the unpredictable CMS (35 days) group. Then, either vehicle, ketamine (10 mg/kg), or the established GSK-3 inhibitor, SB216763 (10 mg/kg), were administered into mice in the CMS group, while vehicle was administered to controls. In the open field test, there was no difference between the four groups (control+vehicle, CMS+vehicle, CMS+ketamine, CMS+SB216763). In the sucrose intake test, a 1% sucrose intake drop, seen in CMS mice, was significantly attenuated after a single dose of ketamine, but not SB216763. In the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST), the increased immobility time seen in CMS mice was significantly attenuated by a single dose of ketamine, but not SB216763. Interestingly, the ketamine-induced increase in the sucrose intake test persisted for 8 days after a single dose of ketamine. Furthermore, a single administration of ketamine, but not SB216763, significantly attenuated the immobility time of the TST and FST in the control (non-stressed) mice.
These findings suggest that a single administration of ketamine, but not GSK-3 inhibitor SB216763, produces a long-lasting antidepressant action in CMS model mice.
Journal Article
Impaired visual, working, and verbal memory in first-episode, drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder in a Chinese population
Cognitive impairment has been observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it remains unclear whether the deficits in specific cognitive domains are present in first-episode, drug-naïve patients or medicated patients. In the present study, using the CogState battery (CSB) Chinese language version, we evaluated the visual, working, and verbal memory in first-episode drug-naive patients and medicated patients with MDD in a Chinese population. We measured the cognitive function in first-episode drug-naïve patients (n = 36), medicated MDD patients (n = 71), and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects (n = 59) in a Chinese population. The CSB composite scores in both first-episode drug-naive patients and medicated patients were significantly poorer than those in the healthy control subjects. The CSB sub-scores, including visual, working, and verbal memory were also significantly poorer in both patient groups than those in the healthy control subjects. In contrast, processing speed, attention/vigilance, executive function, spatial working memory, and social cognition were no different from healthy controls, whereas the executive function was significantly better in the medicated patients than in the healthy control subjects and first-episode drug-naïve patients. These findings suggest an impairment in the visual, working, and verbal memory in first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients in a Chinese population.
Journal Article
Identification of microbiota in peri-implantitis pockets by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
The purpose of this study was to identify the microbial communities that colonize peri-implantitis pockets using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Subjects having at least one implant with peri-implantitis, no diabetes, and not taking antibiotics in the previous 3 months were selected. Peri-implantitis was defined when surrounding bone loss ≥0.5 mm and bleeding on probing was found. Microbial samples were collected from peri-implantitis pockets using paper points. After incubation and isolation, the colonies were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 126 isolates were cultivated and identified from 12 samples, in identification rates of 82.5% at the species level and 12.72% at the genus level. Although the compositions were highly variable, major habitants in different peri-implant pockets could be identified. Among them the most distinguished were
Neisseria flavescens
(87%),
Streptococcus constellatus
(56%),
Slackia exigua
(46%),
Streptococcus intermedius
(45%),
Fusobacterium nucleatum
(45%) and
Gemella morbillorum
(43%). This preliminary study provides comprehensive and reliable data for future study designs involving MALDI-TOF MS and peri-implantitis in a more specific, easy, rapid and economical way. MALDI-TOF MS could be a new clinical method to evaluate and monitor oral microbiota associated with the disease.
Journal Article
Hippocampus‐prefrontal cortex inputs modulate spatial learning and memory in a mouse model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture
Aims Sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) often leads to cognitive impairments. However, the pathophysiology of SAE is complex and unclear. Here, we investigated the role of hippocampus (HPC)‐prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive dysfunction in sepsis induced by cecal ligation puncture (CLP) in mice. Methods The neural projections from the HPC to PFC were first identified via retrograde tracing and viral expression. Chemogenetic activation of the HPC‐PFC pathway was shown via immunofluorescent staining of c‐Fos‐positive neurons in PFC. Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Barnes maze (BM) were used to evaluate cognitive function. Western blotting analysis was used to determine the expression of glutamate receptors and related molecules in PFC and HPC. Results Chemogenetic activation of the HPC‐PFC pathway enhanced cognitive dysfunction in CLP‐induced septic mice. Glutamate receptors mediated the effects of HPC‐PFC pathway activation in CLP mice. The activation of the HPC‐PFC pathway resulted in significantly increased levels of NMDAR, AMPAR, and downstream signaling molecules including CaMKIIa, pCREB, and BDNF in PFC. However, inhibition of glutamate receptors using 2,3‐dihydroxy‐6‐nitro‐7‐sulphamoyl‐benzo (F)quinoxaline (NBQX), which is an α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR inhibitor), or D‐2‐amino‐5‐phosphonopentanoate (D‐AP5), which is an NMDA receptor antagonist abolished this increase. Conclusion Our study reveals the important role of the HPC‐PFC pathway in improving cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of CLP sepsis and provides a novel pathogenetic mechanism for SAE. The proposed mechanism of sepsis‐associated encephalopathy. HPC‐PFC pathway plays an important role in cognitive dysfunction in sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE). Specifically, CaMKII/CREB/BDNF pathway in the glutamate receptor‐mediated downstream signaling appears to be an important molecular mechanism linking the HPC‐mPFC pathway with impairing spatial memory in SAE.
Journal Article
Dearomatization of 3-Aminophenols for Synthesis of Spirochromane-3,1′-cyclohexane-2′,4′-dien-6′-ones via Hydride Transfer Strategy-Enabled 5+1 Annulations
The Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed dearomative [5+1] annulations between readily available 3-aminophenols and O-alkyl ortho-oxybenzaldehydes were developed for synthesis of spiro[chromane-3,1′-cyclohexane]-2′,4′-dien-6′-ones. The “two-birds-with-one-stone” strategy was disclosed by the dearomatization of phenols and direct α-C(sp3)–H bond functionalization of oxygen through cascade condensation/[1,5]-hydride transfer/dearomative-cyclization process. In addition, the antifungal activity assay and derivatizations of products were conducted to further enrich the utility of the structure.
Journal Article
ConoGPT: Fine-Tuning a Protein Language Model by Incorporating Disulfide Bond Information for Conotoxin Sequence Generation
Conotoxins are a class of peptide toxins secreted by marine mollusks of the Conus genus, characterized by their unique mechanism of action and significant biological activity, making them highly valuable for drug development. However, traditional methods of acquiring conotoxins, such as in vivo extraction or chemical synthesis, face challenges of high costs, long cycles, and limited exploration of sequence diversity. To address these issues, we propose the ConoGPT model, a conotoxin sequence generation model that fine-tunes the ProtGPT2 model by incorporating disulfide bond information. Experimental results demonstrate that sequences generated by ConoGPT exhibit high consistency with authentic conotoxins in physicochemical properties and show considerable potential for generating novel conotoxins. Furthermore, compared to models without disulfide bond information, ConoGPT outperforms in terms of generating sequences with ordered structures. The majority of the filtered sequences were shown to possess significant binding affinities to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) targets based on molecular docking. Molecular dynamics simulations of the selected sequences further confirmed the dynamic stability of the generated sequences in complex with their respective targets. This study not only provides a new technological approach for conotoxin design but also offers a novel strategy for generating functional peptides.
Journal Article