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Background Self-efficacy perception and strategy use are two key processes for achieving self-regulated learning. Based on the perspective of self-regulated learning theory, this study explores the mediating mechanism of self-regulated learning efficacy, and strategy use (self-control and emotion regulation strategies) between resilience and online learning emotional engagement. Methods The study was conducted on 2182 college students from China using questionnaires, and a structural equation model was established to test the mediating effects. Results The results showed that: firstly, resilience, self-regulated learning efficacy, self-control, cognitive reappraisal, and online learning emotional engagement were all significantly positively correlated with each other, while expressive suppression was significantly negatively correlated with resilience and self-control. Secondly, resilience can individually mediate online learning emotional engagement through self-regulated learning efficacy, self-control, and cognitive reappraisal. Additionally, it can indirectly predict emotional engagement in online learning by way of the chain mediating effect of self-regulated learning efficacy, self-control, and cognitive reappraisal, but the direct effect of resilience on online learning emotional engagement is not significant. Lastly, there are differences in the mediating effects between urban and rural areas. Conclusion The results of this study provide new intervention perspectives and procedural learning support suggestions for enhancing learners’ emotional engagement and optimizing their online learning experience.

In this work, a new generation of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was prepared using eugenol (as hydrogen bond donor) and benzyltriethylammonium bromide, benzyltributylammonium bromide, benzyltriethylammonium chloride and benzyltributylammonium chloride (as hydrogen bond acceptor) in different molar ratios. These DESs were applied to vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of Sudan dyes from food samples, followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic determination. The influencing parameters, including the type of DES, amount of DES, extraction time, solution pH and salt addition, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a linear range of 2–1000 ng mL−1 with determination coefficients of <0.999 was obtained. Limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.5 to 1 ng mL−1 and 2 to 3 ng mL−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully used in the determination of Sudan dyes in chili sauce, chili powder and ketchup, and satisfactory recoveries of between 89.9 and 119.3% were obtained, with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.1–6.8%. The proposed method is simple, green and efficient, and can be applied to determine Sudan dyes in complex matrices.

Hybrid plasmonic nano-emitters based on the combination of quantum dot emitters (QD) and plasmonic nanoantennas open up new perspectives in the control of light. However, precise positioning of any active medium at the nanoscale constitutes a challenge. Here, we report on the optimal overlap of antenna’s near-field and active medium whose spatial distribution is controlled via a plasmon-triggered 2-photon polymerization of a photosensitive formulation containing QDs. Au nanoparticles of various geometries are considered. The response of these hybrid nano-emitters is shown to be highly sensitive to the light polarization. Different light emission states are evidenced by photoluminescence measurements. These states correspond to polarization-sensitive nanoscale overlap between the exciting local field and the active medium distribution. The decrease of the QD concentration within the monomer formulation allows trapping of a single quantum dot in the vicinity of the Au particle. The latter objects show polarization-dependent switching in the single-photon regime. The authors study, on hybrid plasmonic nano-emitters, the spatial overlap between the exciting optical near-field and the nanoscale active medium whose position is controlled via surface plasmon-triggered two-photon polymerization. They also demonstrate such systems down to the single photon level.

Background The medical record homepage represents the core and quintessential distillation of the entire medical record. This study aims to investigate the problems with the medical record homepages data quality after the upgrade of the electronic medical record system, while simultaneously proposing practical and feasible measures to catalyze substantive improvements in data quality standards. Methods A retrospective analysis of data extracted from the medical record homepage system was conducted at a Chinese tertiary hospital affiliated with a medical university between January and December 2021. Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) was used to construct a structural equation model, with the aim of elucidating the influence of individual variables on dependent variables. Furthermore, a fish bone diagram analysis was utilized to systematically analyze the underlying causes of quality defects. Results Among the 2,731 medical record homepages subjected to scrutiny, a substantial proportion of 1,531 records (56.1%) exhibited quality issues. The structural equation model revealed that patient demographic information exerted the most profound influence on data quality, as evidenced by the greatest value of the standardized total effects (β = -0.729), followed by surgery (β = -0.606) and diagnosis information (β = -0.363). Moreover, the fish-bone diagram analysis was employed to systematically dissect the underlying causes of quality defects in the medical record homepages, encompassing human factors, surroundings, regulatory system, and machinery. Conclusions The predominant factor contributing to the poor data on the medical record homepage was inaccuracies in demographic information, closely followed by errors in surgical and diagnosis information. It is helpful to improve the data quality of the medical record homepages by establishing a coder qualification certification system, strengthening the construction of medical informatization, and adding data validation and prompt functions.

ObjectivesTo assess the association between depression and suicide attempt (SA) by age and region.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2021 to January 2022.ParticipantsHospitalised patients.Primary outcome measuresSA was the primary outcome and data on SA was obtained from the electronic medical records of hospitalised patients.Methods and analysisIn this study, data on inpatients of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January 2021 to January 2022 were extracted from the medical record system using the convenience sampling method. According to the exclusion criteria, 7593 eligible research subjects were obtained. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between depression and SA, combining age and region. Subgroup analyses were carried out to assess the relationship between age, region and SA in depressed patients, after excluding non-depressed patients, and to inspect the interaction of age and region. Finally, further comparisons of the disparities in suicide patterns among different age groups and regional groups were made.ResultsAmong 7593 patients (3630 males), 655 (8.6%) patients with SA were observed. We found that depression was significantly associated with SA by age and region (all p<0.05). Specifically, depressed juveniles and adults had a higher risk of SA compared with non-depressed adults, and ORs (95% CIs) were 2.62 (1.59 to 4.30) and 1.67 (1.30 to 2.13), respectively. Furthermore, rural individuals with depression, urban individuals without depression and urban individuals with depression had a higher risk of SA compared with rural participants without depression, and ORs (95% CIs) were 1.60 (1.22 to 2.12), 1.29 (1.04 to 1.61) and 2.53 (1.83 to 3.49), respectively. In subgroup analyses, we further found that depression was strongly associated with SA in juveniles (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.19 to 6.76, p=0.018) and urban patients (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.40, p=0.006). Notably, the predominant methods of suicide among individuals with depression were the utilisation of sleeping pills or antidepressants.ConclusionOur study found individuals with depression are at higher risk of SA, especially juveniles and urban individuals. Effective integration of mental health and urban–rural services could mitigate the risk of suicide and contribute to better outcomes.

Objective This study aimed to examine the changes and significance of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), MMP2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), and TIMP2 in rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (injected with saline) and an ALI group (injected with LPS), then subdivided into four time points (2, 6, 12, and 24 hours). Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels were detected by ELISA to investigate the inflammatory reaction after LPS injection. The degree of ALI was determined by hematoxylin–eosin staining of lung tissue, the lung wet/dry weight ratio, and pulmonary permeability index. Changes in lung MMP and TIMP protein and mRNA levels were detected by western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Changes in the ratios of MMP9/TIMP1 and MMP2/TIMP2 were consistent with and strongly positively associated with the lung wet/dry weight ratio, the pulmonary permeability index, and serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels in the ALI group. Conclusion ALI induced by LPS may be related to upregulation of MMP9/TIMP1 and MMP2/TIMP2 ratios.

Background Asthma is the most common allergic disease characterized by an inflammatory response in the airways. Mechanismly, urban particulate matter (PM) is the most widely air pollutant associated with increased asthma morbidity and airway inflammation. Current research found that vitamin D is an essential vitamin with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and other medical efficacy. Inadequate or deficient vitamin D often leads to the pathogenesis and stability of asthma. NGF exacerbates airway inflammation in asthma by promoting smooth muscle cell proliferation and inducing the Th2 immune response. Activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway can exert a protective effect on the inflammatory response in bronchial asthma. However, the specific mechanism of this pathway in PM-involved asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells remains unclear. Methods Mice were sensitized and challenged with Ovalbumin (OVA) to establish an asthma model. They were then exposed to either PM, vitamin D or a combination of both, and inflammatory responses were observed. Including, acetylcholine stimulation at different concentrations measured airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were collected for TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Nerve growth factor (NGF) analysis. Additionally, lung tissues underwent histopathological examination to observe alveolar structure and inflammatory cell infiltration. Specific ELISA kits were utilized to determine the levels of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and Nerve growth factor (NGF). Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways were examined by western blot analysis. Meanwhile, we constructed a cell system with low HO-1 expression by lentiviral transfection of airway smooth muscle cells. The changes of Nrf2, HO-1, and NGF were observed after the treatment of OVA, PM, and Vit D were given. Results The in vivo results showed that vitamin D significantly alleviated pathological changes in lung tissue of PM-exposed mice models. Mechanismly, vitamin D decreased substantial inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, as well as the number of inflammatory cells in BALF. Furthermore, vitamin D reduced the heightened inflammatory factors including of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NGF caused by PM exposure, and triggered the activity of nucleus Nrf2 and HO-1 in PM-exposed asthmatic mice. Notably, knockdown HO-1 weakens the Vitamin D- mediated inhibition to pollution toxicity in asthma. Importantly, in vitro experiments on OVA-stimulated mice airway smooth muscle cells, the results showed that OVA and PM, respectively, reduced Nrf2/HO-1 and increased NGF’s expression, while vitamin D reversed the process. And in the HO-1 knockdown cell line of Lenti-si-HO-1 ASMCs, OVA and PM reduced Nrf2’s expression, while HO-1 and NGF’s expression were unchanged. Conclusions The above results demastrate that vitamin D downregulated the inflammatory response and the expression of NGF by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in airway smooth muscle cells, thereby showing potent anti-inflammatory activity in asthma.

Background The short-term effects of particulate matter (PM) exposure on childhood asthma exacerbation and disease control rate is not thoroughly assessed in Chinese population yet. The previous toxic effects of PM exposure are either based on long-term survey or experimental data from cell lines or mouse models, which also needs to be validated by real-world evidences. Methods We evaluated the short-term effects of PM exposure on asthma exacerbation in a Chinese population of 3106 pediatric outpatientsand disease control rate (DCR) in a population of 3344 children using case-crossover design. All the subjects enrolled are non-hospitalized outpatients. All data for this study were collected from the electronic health record (EHR) in the period between January 1, 2016 and June 30, 2018 in Xiamen, China. Results We found that exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 within the past two weeks was significantly associated with elevated risk of exacerbation (OR = 1.049, p  < 0.001 for PM 2.5 and OR = 1.027, p  < 0.001 for PM 10 ). In addition, exposure to PM 10 was associated with decreased DCR (OR = 0.976 for PM 10 , p  < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that exposure to both PM 10 and PM 2.5 has significant short-term effects on childhood asthma exacerbation and DCR, which serves as useful epidemiological parameters for clinical management of asthma risk in the sensitive population.

Importance Although studies have examined the link between microbiota and airways, the understanding of microbial imbalances in the upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) in pediatric pneumonia remains limited. Objective To elucidate the microbial communities within these areas, shedding light on the microbiota's contribution to pneumonia progression and the underlying metabolic shifts. Methods Pharyngeal swabs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were gathered from children with pneumonia and sequenced for 16S rDNA gene. Microbiota composition and differences between URT and LRT were analyzed. Results Proteobacteria (40.91%), Firmicutes (25.61%), and Actinobacteria (12.77%) were the three most abundant phyla in the airways of the children with pneumonia. Richness (P = 0.003), Chao1 (P = 0.003), and abundance‐based coverage estimator (P = 0.003) indices were significantly higher in the LRT than URT. Streptococus infantis was more abundant in the URT, whereas Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, Alphaproteobacteria and Chloroplast at the class level, Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiales, and Streptophyta at the order level, Moraxellaceae and Corynebacteriaceae at the family level, Moraxella and Corynebacterium at the genus level were more prevalent in the LRT. Multiple pathways such as d‐glutamine and d‐glutamate metabolism (P = 0.0032) were significantly activated in the URT, whereas inorganic ion transport metabolism (P = 0.0239) and tryptophan metabolism (P = 0.0284) were significantly activated in the LRT. Streptococcus genus negatively impacted blood indicators in those children. Interpretation Our study characterizes the LRT and URT microbiota in pediatric pneumonia children and links them to clinical features, enhancing our understanding of the disease's pathogenesis. Differences in microbial communities in the upper and lower respiratory tract in patients with pneumonia were investigated in this study by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes in pharyngeal swabs and alveolar lavage fluid. Forty‐three subjects were enrolled in the study, and one upper and one lower respiratory tract sample were collected from each subject, resulting in a total of 86 samples. A total of 86 samples were collected in the study, excluding 24 samples with failed RNA quality control (QC), 62 samples were sequenced on the machine, and after sequencing, 6 samples were excluded from sequencing quality QC, and finally, 56 samples were included in the group for analysis. A total of 56 samples consisted of 28 from alveolar lavage fluid (LRT) and 28 from pharyngeal swabs (URT) of 28 children with pneumonia.

Urban sludge is an extensive volume with a prominent environmental impact. The research explored an application technology for converting urban sludge into a usable improved soil resource by using industrial waste, providing a new reference for the reuse of industrial waste. In this study, three industrial wastes, namely ground granulated blast slag, calcium carbide residue, and desulfurized gypsum, were used as curing agents to solidify the urban sludge. Based on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and chamber analysis, the effects of curing agent dosing and maintenance age of sludge-cured soil on the UCS and stress- strain were studied. The results showed that with the increase of curing agent, the UCS of cured soil first increased and then decreased, and the breaking strain showed a decreasing trend. The optimum ratio of materials was sludge: calcium carbide residue: ground granulated blast slag: desulfurization gypsum = 100:15:15:5, record this material ratio as C15G15D5. Moreover, trials showed that C15G15D5 cured the sludge soil better than the cement alone, which achieved the purpose of reusing the three industrial wastes and urban sludge. It was analyzed that the hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H), calcium aluminate (C-A-H) and ettringite (AFt) in the hydration products were produced to make the soil skeleton stronger and enhance the strength of the sludge-cured soil.