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"Geisler, Joyce"
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A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Demonstrates Sodium Oxybate Is Effective for the Treatment of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Narcolepsy
Assess the efficacy of sodium oxybate for the treatment of narcolepsy with an emphasis on excessive daytime sleepiness.
Eight-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Forty-two sleep clinics in the United States, Canada, and Europe.
Two hundred twenty-eight adults with narcolepsy with cataplexy.
Patients were withdrawn from antidepressant treatment and then randomly assigned to receive 4.5 g, 6 g, or 9 g of sodium oxybate nightly or placebo for 8 weeks. Six-gram and 9-g doses were titrated in weekly 1.5-g increments. Patients who were receiving placebo underwent a mock dose-titration schedule. Stimulant use continued unchanged. Excessive daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Maintenance of Wakefulness Test. The Clinical Global Impression of Change was used to measure changes in disease severity. Changes in narcolepsy symptoms and adverse events were recorded in daily diaries.
After 8 weeks, patients treated with 9 g of sodium oxybate nightly displayed a significant median increase of > 10 minutes in the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (p < .001). Patients displayed dose-related decreases in median Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores and frequency of weekly inadvertent naps, which were significant at the 6-g and 9-g doses (for each, p < .001). The improvements in excessive daytime sleepiness were incremental to those achieved by concomitant stimulants alone. Significant improvements in the Clinical Global Impression of Change were noted for each group treated with sodium oxybate (p < or = .001). Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of sodium oxybate.
When combined with its previously demonstrated anticataplectic effects, the results of the current study indicate sodium oxybate is the first drug to demonstrate efficacy for the 2 major symptoms of narcolepsy.
Journal Article
Analysis of the physical nature of 22 New VVV Survey Globular Cluster candidates in the Milky Way Bulge
In order to characterize 22 new globular cluster (GC) candidates in the Galactic bulge, we present their colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and Ks-band luminosity functions (LFs) using the near-infrared VVV database as well as Gaia-DR2 proper motion dataset. CMDs were obtained, on one hand, after properly decontaminating the observed diagrams from background/foreground disc stars and other sources. On the other hand, CMDs were also obtained based upon star selection in proper motion diagrams. Taking into account our deep CMDs and LFs analyses, we find that 17 out of 22 new GC candidates may be real and should therefore be followed-up, while 5 candidates were discarded from the original sample. We also search for RR Lyrae and Mira variable stars in the fields of these new GC candidates. In particular, we confirm that Minni 40 may be a real cluster. If confirmed by further follow-up analysis, it would be the closest GC to the Galactic centre in projected angular distance, located only 0.5 deg away from it. We consider that it is very difficult to confirm the physical reality of these small, poorly-populated bulge GCs so in many cases alternative techniques are needed to corroborate our findings.
Paper
FSR 1716: A new Milky Way Globular Cluster confirmed using VVV RR Lyrae stars
We use deep multi-epoch near-IR images of the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) Survey to search for RR Lyrae stars towards the Southern Galactic plane. Here we report the discovery of a group of RR Lyrae stars close together in VVV tile d025. Inspection of the VVV images and PSF photometry reveals that most of these stars are likely to belong to a globular cluster, that matches the position of the previously known star cluster FSR\\,1716. The stellar density map of the field yields a \\(>100\\) sigma detection for this candidate globular cluster, that is centered at equatorial coordinates \\(RA_{J2000}=\\)16:10:30.0, \\(DEC_{J2000}=-\\)53:44:56; and galactic coordinates \\(l=\\)329.77812, \\(b=-\\)1.59227. The color-magnitude diagram of this object reveals a well populated red giant branch, with a prominent red clump at \\(K_s=13.35 \\pm 0.05\\), and \\(J-K_s=1.30 \\pm 0.05\\). We present the cluster RR Lyrae positions, magnitudes, colors, periods and amplitudes. The presence of RR Lyrae indicates an old globular cluster, with age \\(>10\\) Gyr. We classify this object as an Oosterhoff type I globular cluster, based on the mean period of its RR Lyrae type ab, \\(=0.540\\) days, and argue that this is a relatively metal-poor cluster with \\([Fe/H] = -1.5 \\pm 0.4\\) dex. The mean extinction and reddening for this cluster are \\(A_{K_s}=0.38 \\pm 0.02\\), and \\(E(J-K_s)=0.72 \\pm 0.02\\) mag, respectively, as measured from the RR Lyrae colors and the near-IR color-magnitude diagram. We also measure the cluster distance using the RR Lyrae type ab stars. The cluster mean distance modulus is \\((m-M)_0 = 14.38 \\pm 0.03\\) mag, implying a distance \\(D = 7.5 \\pm 0.2\\) kpc, and a Galactocentric distance \\(R_G=4.3\\) kpc.
Paper