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In this article, we explore why conservation schemes that have positive outcomes through the participation of local communities cannot necessarily be deemed as just. We observe that recognition (understood as inclusion and respect) of local communities’ value‐systems, a key factor towards environmental justice, is not often achieved in conservation governance. We build our argument on the authors’ extensive research on four Mexican forest areas and contrast our insights with the literature on environmental justice and conservation. All four cases are characterised by positive conservation outcomes as well as the inclusion of local communities in conservation governance, and as such are typically considered best‐practice conservation initiatives in Mexico. Yet, in all cases, our engagement with local community members leads us to believe that their value‐systems fail to be recognised in conservation governance. Three main factors appear to hinder recognition: (a) the dominant knowledge‐system underpinning conservation action prevails in legal frameworks; (b) financial resources heavily determine power relations in decision‐making, and (c) a lack of sensitiveness to local cultural norms affects local stakeholders’ capacity to communicate with external actors that design and implement conservation action. We conclude that achieving meaningful recognition of local communities’ value‐systems requires: (a) developing awareness of the structural political and economic factors impacting on decision‐making in conservation, and (b) an epistemological transformation, permeating conservation governance, in which local communities’ value‐systems are considered one of various legitimate knowledge‐systems. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. Resumen En este artículo, exploramos por qué los esquemas de conservación exitosos gracias a la participación de las comunidades locales no necesariamente se pueden considerar como justos. Observamos que el reconocimiento (que se entiende como la inclusión y el respeto) de los sistemas de valores de las comunidades locales es un factor clave para la justicia ambiental, y muchas veces no se logra en la gobernanza de las iniciativas de conservación. Construimos nuestro argumento basado en la amplia investigación de los autores en cuatro bosques mexicanos, que contrastamos con la literatura sobre justicia ambiental y conservación. Los casos presentados se caracterizan por logros en la conservación de la biodiversidad local, así como en la inclusión de las comunidades locales en procesos de gobernanza; y por lo tanto, se consideran típicamente como casos de mejores prácticas en el ámbito de conservación en México. Sin embargo, en cada uno de los casos, nuestro involucramiento con miembros de la comunidad local nos hace concluir que sus sistemas de valores no se toman en cuenta en la gobernanza de la conservación. Tres factores limitan el reconocimiento de los sistemas de valores de las comunidades locales: (a) el sistema dominante de conocimiento en torno a la conservación prevalece en el marco legal, (b) los recursos económicos determinan las relaciones de poder en los procesos de toma de decisión y (c) la falta de sensibilidad a las normas culturales locales afecta la capacidad de los actores locales de comunicar con actores externos que diseñan e implementan las acciones de conservación. Concluimos que lograr el reconocimiento de los sistemas de valores de las comunidades locales requiere: (a) desarrollar conciencia de los factores políticos y económicos que afectan la toma de decisión para la conservación; y (b) una transformación epistemológica permeando el ámbito de la conservación, en la cual los sistemas de valores de las comunidades locales se consideren como uno de varios sistemas de conocimientos legítimos. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

The complexity of urban areas has motivated the search for integrative approaches. This paper addresses three topics—human habitat, urban metabolism, and urban entropy—to explore their links within the context of urban territory and sustainability. The lack of approaches, outlooks, and synergies motivates the search for an integrated conceptual framework, what I originated as a review of published works to contribute an interdisciplinary and multiscale outlook. From reviewing 41 articles, published from 1960 to 2020, definitions were extracted, original concepts were identified, synthetic definitions were formulated, and basic elements were identified to be integrated into a first synthetic approach, both illustrative and schematic. Eighteen binding key concepts, which were derived from 83 definitions, were incorporated into the proposed conceptual framework. We suggest that the human habitat, urban metabolism, and urban entropy are strongly interrelated, confirming the utility of the proposed conceptual framework and showing the potential to generate methodological approaches that integrate one or several conceptual elements that comprise it. Demonstrating the explicit bond between definitions, concepts, and components integrated systematically into the proposed conceptual framework is innovative in the field of scientific investigation, considering its applicability to public policy, resource management, or sustainable urban planning.

Values play an important role in farmers’ land management decisions, becoming increasingly relevant when designing environmental policy. One key element that influences farming decisions is the land tenure under which farmers and their land are embedded, which represents different sets of rights for farmers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elicit farmers’ values regarding the social and ecological attributes of the landscape, and determine how these values vary according to differences in land rights. We performed this exercise in the two most important land tenure systems in rural Mexico. We carried out a choice experiment to understand preferences for different landscape attributes such as vegetation cover, surface water, terrain slope, and type of property. Then, we probed how these preferences change according to the land rights that farmers hold. We found that surface water was consistently the most important landscape attribute. However, there were clear differences that were related to land rights for some values, such as for example, vegetation cover. Institutional mechanisms such as boundary rules and conflicting values are part of the explanation of these differences. These results provide a bridge to understanding farmers’ management decisions, and in the future, improving sustainable development.

Food security is an increasingly important issue in an era where a growing population of this planet lives in urban areas. In this sense, little is known about the issue in medium--and small-size cities. That is why this article focuses on understanding the implications of food security in relation to the origin, preference and availability of food consumed in the municipality of Autlan de Navarro, in the South of the state of Jalisco in Western Mexico. For the compilation of information on the agricultural production of the municipality, official databases were analyzed. In addition, 25 interviews were carried out with key actors in the area of food production and marketing, as well as 200 surveys to consumers and food merchants in the municipal capital. Main results indicate that the agri-food system in Autlan de Navarro has undergone major transformations that have had an impact on the dynamics of food production, distribution and consumption (for example, food diversity decreased with eight crops from 2002 to 2015). In the Municipality, the main economic activity maintains to be agriculture, but the crops with the 8 9 highest production correspond to products that are not related to the supply for local consumption in terms of food. On the other hand, corn (considered one of the main sources of food in Mexico), has increased its production, but is mostly destined to foreign markets. Crops of minor importance are being sold in the supply centre of the state capital of Guadalajara, or exported to other states, while most of the local vendors purchase their products to supply said supply centre. On the other hand, several of the products produced locally are almost exclusively for export. Even when consumers show a marked preference for acquiring fresh food products in local establishments, such as markets and groceries, the products that the tenants offer are mostly purchased outside the Municipality. This denotes a clear deficiency in the commercial networks between local producers and merchants of the municipality, which generates a greater external dependence on food (i.e., loss of food security), due to the necessity to purchase an increasing number of foods outside the municipality.

El turismo es una de las actividades más importantes para la economía internacional, con mayor crecimiento e impactos en el mundo. Sin embargo, su capacidad para contribuir al desarrollo regional y lograr distribuir equitativamente los beneficios del turismo ha sido limitada por lo que se analizan algunos procesos de gobernanza que influyen en la gestión turística de la región Costa Sur en Jalisco, México. Su principal oferta es el turismo de sol y playa, dado el extenso patrimonio natural y cultural existente. Sin embargo, esta ha generado la explotación de recursos naturales, pérdida de identidad, privatización y conflictos sociales. El análisis desarrolló a partir del Marco Analítico de la Gobernanza (MAG), para sistematizar la complejidad social, política e institucional de los procesos de formulación e implementación de decisiones colectivas. Se encontró que, no existe una estrategia de gobernanza regional que abone al desarrollo de manera articulada, sin embargo, a nivel local los actores han sido capaces de lograr avances significativos en materia de turismo y desarrollo

Tourism is one of the most important activities for the international economy, with the highest growth and impact in the world. Notwithstanding, its capacity to contribute to regional development and achieve equitable distribution of benefits has been limited. This research analyses the characteristics of current tourism activity, and governance processes that influence tourism management in the South Coast region of the state of Jalisco, Mexico, where the main offer is 3S‑tourism. The resource exploitation in the area has generated natural disasters, loss of identity, territorial privatisation, and social conflicts among other problems. Governance processes were studied using the Governance Analytical Framework (GAF) as a tool to systematise the social, political, and institutional complexity of the formulation,and implementation of collective decision processes. It was found that there are governmental strategies related to the gover‑ nance of tourism, however, they have not contributed to development in an articulated manner. At the local level, the Stakeholders have been able to adopt governance processes for tourism management. However, governance processes based on government strategies have made inclusive tourism management difficult.

Con el paradigma de la bioculturalidad, la etnozoología puede considerar el marco conceptual y metodológico para el análisis del patrimonio zoocultural y abarcar además del estudio de conocimientos, cosmovisión y prácticas tradicionales, los productos culturales tangibles e intangibles que surgen de la interacción con la fauna. Con la finalidad de caracterizar el patrimonio zoocultural de los P´urhépecha se realizaron revisiones bibliográficas, entrevistas semiestructuradas y listados libres. Se describen y analizan los elementos del patrimonio zoocultural tangible e intangible; podemos destacar que en los resultados se encontró que el etnotaxón con mayor presencia en zooartesanías, festividades, música, danza y narrativa es el venado. Se concluye que el enfoque de patrimonio zoocultural es adecuado para estudiar la relación humanidad-fauna y que existe una compleja relación entre los P´urhépecha y la fauna la cual conserva una parte de la herencia de la época prehispánica y que se refleja en el patrimonio zoocultural actual. With the paradigm of bioculturality, ethnozoology can be considered as the conceptual and methodological framework for understanding the zoocultural heritage, in addition to the study of knowledge, worldview, and traditional practices, the tangible and intangible cultural products that arise from human-fauna interactions. To characterize the zoocultural heritage of the P’urhépecha, a bibliographic review, semi-structured interviews, and the construction of free lists were carried out. The elements of the tangible and intangible zoocultural heritage are described and analyzed; It was found that the ethnotaxaón with the greatest presence in zoocrafts, festivities, music, dance, and narrative is the deer. It is concluded that the biocultural heritage approach is adequate to study the human-fauna relationship and that the P’urhépechazoocultural heritage preserves a part of the heritage of the pre-Hispanic era, so it is pertinent to know, preserve, and disseminate.

Con el paradigma de la bioculturalidad, la etnozoología puede considerar el marco conceptual y metodológico para el análisis del patrimonio zoocultural y abarcar además del estudio de conocimientos, cosmovisión y prácticas tradicionales, los productos culturales tangibles e intangibles que surgen de la interacción con la fauna. Con la finalidad de caracterizar el patrimonio zoocultural de los P'urhépecha se realizaron revisiones bibliográficas, entrevistas semiestructuradas y listados libres. Se describen y analizan los elementos del patrimonio zoocultural tangible e intangible; podemos destacar que en los resultados se encontró que el etnotaxón con mayor presencia en zooartesanías, festividades, música, danza y narrativa es el venado. Se concluye que el enfoque de patrimonio zoocultural es adecuado para estudiar la relación humanidad-fauna y que existe una compleja relación entre los P'urhépecha y la fauna la cual conserva una parte de la herencia de la época prehispánica y que se refleja en el patrimonio zoocultural actual.

La agricultura familiar se basa en el trabajo de la familia para obtener productos tanto para el autoconsumo como para la comercializacion de excedentes. Su contribucion se considera fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria y las estrategias de adaptacion al cambio global. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar el entorno socioecologico de la agricultura familiar y la agrobiodiversidad, asi como analizar sus transformaciones en un area rural-urbana del municipio de Centro, Tabasco. Aplicando un enfoque metodologico mixto, se realizo una revision de literatura y mediante herramientas de percepcion remota se analizo el cambio en el uso del suelo y de la vegetacion de la region entre 1986 y 2023. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuras a 28 unidades de produccion para explorar las percepciones sobre las transformaciones socioproductivas en ese periodo, registrando tanto la produccion como la diversidad de cultivos. La historia social y economica del municipio esta marcada por los planes de desarrollo agricola y el crecimiento de la industria petrolera en la region, los cuales han transformado significativamente el entorno socioambiental del area. La urbanizacion y la actividad agropecuaria han aumentado un 2,32% y un 1,72% anual, respectivamente. Los agricultores atribuyen cambios en sus modos de vida a la urbanizacion y crecimiento economico, con impactos diferenciados en la agricultura familiar y en la agrobiodiversidad. A pesar de estos cambios, la agricultura familiar sigue siendo parte fundamental de la identidad campesina y una base solida para la diversificacion agroalimentaria, ya que proporciona alimentos tradicionales esenciales para la cultura alimentaria de la region. Palabras clave:: nueva ruralidad, agricultura periurbana, dinamica rural-urbana. Family Agriculture and Socio-Productive Transformations in the Rural-Urban System of the Municipality of Centro, Tabasco, in southern Mexico Family farming is based on the work of the family to obtain products both for self-consumption and for the commercialization of surpluses. Its contribution is considered fundamental to food security and global change adaptation strategies. The objective of this study was to characterize the socioecological environment of family farming and agrobiodiversity, as well as to analyze its transformations in a rural-urban area of the municipality of Centro, Tabasco. Applying a mixed methodological approach, a literature review was carried out and, using remote sensing tools, the change in land use and vegetation in the region between 1986 and 2023 was analyzed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 production units to explore perceptions of socio-productive transformations in that period, recording both production and crop diversity. The social and economic history of the municipality is marked by agricultural development plans and the growth of the oil industry in the region, which have significantly transformed the socio-environmental setting of the area. Urbanization and agricultural activity have increased by 2.32% and 1.72% annually, respectively. Farmers attribute changes in their livelihoods to urbanization and economic growth, with differentiated impacts on family farming and agrobiodiversity. Despite these changes, family farming continues to be a fundamental part of peasant identity and a solid base for agrifood diversification, as it provides traditional foods that are essential to the region's food culture. Keywords: New Rurality, Peri-Urban Agriculture, Rural-Urban Dynamics.

Food security is an increasingly important issue in an era where a growing population of this planet lives in urban areas. In this sense, little is known about the issue in medium--and small-size cities. That is why this article focuses on understanding the implications of food security in relation to the origin, preference and availability of food consumed in the municipality of Autlan de Navarro, in the South of the state of Jalisco in Western Mexico. For the compilation of information on the agricultural production of the municipality, official databases were analyzed. In addition, 25 interviews were carried out with key actors in the area of food production and marketing, as well as 200 surveys to consumers and food merchants in the municipal capital. Main results indicate that the agri-food system in Autlan de Navarro has undergone major transformations that have had an impact on the dynamics of food production, distribution and consumption (for example, food diversity decreased with eight crops from 2002 to 2015). In the Municipality, the main economic activity maintains to be agriculture, but the crops with the 8 9 highest production correspond to products that are not related to the supply for local consumption in terms of food. On the other hand, corn (considered one of the main sources of food in Mexico), has increased its production, but is mostly destined to foreign markets. Crops of minor importance are being sold in the supply centre of the state capital of Guadalajara, or exported to other states, while most of the local vendors purchase their products to supply said supply centre. On the other hand, several of the products produced locally are almost exclusively for export. Even when consumers show a marked preference for acquiring fresh food products in local establishments, such as markets and groceries, the products that the tenants offer are mostly purchased outside the Municipality. This denotes a clear deficiency in the commercial networks between local producers and merchants of the municipality, which generates a greater external dependence on food (i.e., loss of food security), due to the necessity to purchase an increasing number of foods outside the municipality. Key words: Autlan de Navarro, consumption, distribution, Jalisco, production, food security, Mexico La seguridad alimentaria tiene cada vez mayor importancia en una era donde la poblacion que habita en las zonas urbanas crece cada vez mas a nivel mundial. En este sentido, actualmente muchos debates giran en torno a como proveer de alimentos a las grandes urbes. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el tema en las ciudades medianas y pequenas. Por ello, este articulo analiza el sistema agroalimentario y la seguridad alimentaria en el municipio de Autlan de Navarro, ubicado al suroeste del estado de Jalisco, en el Occidente de Mexico. Se recopilo informacion sobre la produccion agropecuaria del Municipio y se analizaron bases de datos oficiales para los anos 2002, 2010 y 2016. Ademas, se aplicaron 25 entrevistas a actores clave, en relacion con aspectos clave de la produccion y comercializacion de alimentos y se aplicaron 200 encuestas a comercializadores de alimentos y consumidores en la cabecera municipal. Los resultados indican que el sistema agroalimentario en Autlan ha tenido grandes transformaciones, reflejados en ingentes cambios en la dinamica de produccion, distribucion y consumo de alimentos (por ejemplo, la diversidad de alimentos producidos ha disminuido con ocho alimentos entre los anos 2002 y 2015). La agricultura sigue siendo la principal actividad economica, pero los cultivos con mayor produccion corresponden a productos que no estan relacionados con el abastecimiento para consumo local. Por otro lado, se observa un aumento en la produccion de maiz, aunque esta se destina principalmente al mercado extranjero. Los cultivos de menor extension estan siendo comercializados en la central de abastos de la capital del estado (Guadalajara), o bien se exportan a otros estados, mientras que la mayoria de los vendedores locales compran sus productos para abastecimiento en dicha central de abastos. Aun cuando los consumidores muestran una marcada preferencia por adquirir productos alimenticios frescos en comercios locales, como el mercado y tiendas de abarrotes, los productos que los locatarios ofrecen son adquiridos en su mayoria fuera del Municipio. Esto denota una clara deficiencia en las redes comerciales de productores locales y comerciantes del Municipio, lo que genera a su vez una mayor dependencia externa en el abastecimiento (aumentando la inseguridad alimentaria), debido a que son cada vez mas los alimentos que deben traerse desde el exterior. Palabras clave: Autlan de Navarro, consumo, distribucion, Jalisco, produccion, seguridad alimentaria, Mexico La securite alimentaire est de plus en plus importante, a une epoque ou, a l'echelle mondiale, la population qu'habite dans de zones urbaines ne cesse pas d'augmenter. Face a cette situation-ci, de nombreux debats ont lieu dans le monde actuel sur la question de comment nourrir la population vivant dans les grandes villes. Cependant, les discussions et les apprentissages sur la dite problematique sont moins abondants pour le cas des villes petites et moyennes, Dans l'interet d'explorer la problematique de la securite alimentaire des villes petites et moyennes, cet article vise a l'etude et l'analyse du systeme alimentaire et la securite alimentaire dans la municipalite d'Autlan de Navarro, situee au sud-ouest de Jalisco, a l'ouest du Mexique. Pour ce faire, nous employons les informations officielles de la production agricole pour cette municipalite-ci, correspondantes aux annees 2002, 2010 et 2016. Egalement, nous avons soutenu d'entretiens avec les consommateurs et les principaux intervenants dans la production, les commercialisations et le marketing. Les resultats obtenus indiquent que le systeme alimentaire d'Autlan de Navarro a eu de changements importants dans la production, la distribution et la consommation, pendant la periode a l'etude. L'agriculture est la principale activite economique de la ville, mais les cultures les plus productives, correspondent a de produits qui ne sont pas destines a la consommation locale. D'autre part, on observe une augmentation de la production de mais, destinee au marche etranger. Les consommateurs font preuve d'une preference pour la consommation de produits frais offerts dans les magasins locaux tels que le marche publique ou les petites epiceries (tienda de abarrotes). Cependant, les produits offerts par les marchands locaux sont principalement achetes par ceux-ci, en dehors de la municipalite Cela montre une coupure evidente dans les reseaux commerciaux, entre les producteurs locaux et les commercants de la ville, un probleme que pese negativement sur la securite alimentaire a l'echelle locale. Mots-cle : Autlan de Navarro, consommation, distribution, Jalisco, production, Mexique, securite alimentaire Numa epoca em que cresce a populacao que habita nas zonas urbanas a questao da seguranca alimentar ganha cada vez maior importancia. Neste sentido, atualmente, muitas investigacoes estao focadas em como fornecer alimentos as grandes cidades. Porem, pouco se sabe sobre o que ocorre no ambito das cidades medianas e pequenas em relacao a essa materia. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo analisa o sistema agroalimentar e a seguranca alimentar no municipio de Autlan de Navarro, situado a sudoeste de Jalisco, no ocidente do Mexico. Foi compilada informacao sobre a producao agropecuaria nesta localidade, havendo sido analisadas bases de dados oficiais relativas aos anos de 2002, 2010 e 2016. Alem disso, foram aplicadas entrevistas a atores-chave, em materia de producao e comercializacao de alimentos, bem como junto a comerciantes de alimentos e a consumidores da sede do municipio. Os resultados indicam que o sistema agroalimentar em Autlan sofreu grandes transformacoes no que tange a dinamica de producao, distribuicao e consumo de alimentos. A agricultura e a principal atividade economica, mas os cultivos mais expressivos correspondem a produtos que nao estao relacionados com o abastecimento para consumo local. Por outro lado, foi observado um aumento na producao de milho, sendo que este se destina, na sua grande maioria, ao mercado externo. Os cultivos de menor extensao cultivada sao comercializados no centro de abastecimento de Guadalajara, ou sao exportados a outros estados. Mesmo quando os consumidores mostram uma marcada preferencia por adquirir produtos frescos junto ao comercio local, a exemplo de mercado e lojas, a maior parte dos produtos disponibilizados e comercializada fora do municipio em questao. Tal fato evidencia uma clara deficiencia das redes comerciais, seja do ponto de vista dos produtores, seja no que tange ao comercio local, fato que gera uma perda em termos dos objetivos de soberania alimentar, dado que e cada vez maior a dependencia de alimentos vindos do exterior. Palavras-chave: Autlan de Navarro, consumo, distribuicao, Jalisco, producao, seguranca alimentar, Mexico