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The cumulative effects of adversity and unhappiness affect life satisfaction and quality of life in the growing older adult population. Most of the interventions aimed at improving the health and quality of life of older adults have adopted a problem-oriented or weakness-focused approach. However, a positive or strengths-focused approach can also have a virtuous but more effective capacity to contribute to the well-being and life satisfaction of older adults. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of positive thinking training on improving resilience and life satisfaction among older adults. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 100 older adults with simple random sampling. The intervention group received 90-min weekly sessions for eight weeks on positive thinking training through written homework for reflection, group discussion, and media. The data were collected using Ingram and Wisnicki Positive Thinking Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Tobin Life Satisfaction Questionnaire at baseline and one week and two months after the training. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software 26. P values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Positive thinking training led to better thinking ( p  < 0.001), higher resilience ( p  < 0.001), and greater life satisfaction ( p  < 0.001). The study's findings showed the effectiveness of the positive thinking training approach in improving resilience and life satisfaction in older adults. It is recommended to evaluate the long-term outcome in populations with different social, economic, and cultural statuses in future studies.

Background Diabetes self-management education is necessary to improve patient outcomes and reduce diabetes-related complications. According to the theory of behavioral reasoning, the likelihood of performing a behavior is predicted by the link between beliefs, motivation, intention, and behavior. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention based on the Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT) on self-management behaviors in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Methods A randomized controlled trial based on BRT was conducted on 113 patients with type 2 diabetes, with a control group and an intervention group followed for 3and 6 months. Data were collected using a researcher-made demographic questionnaire based on the constructs of BRT and behaviors related to self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the intervention group were provided, 8 sessions of diabetes self-management education based on BRT. The control group only received the usual training of the center. Data was analyzed using SPSS26 software. Results After the educational interventions in the intervention group, there were statistically significant changes observed in the mean scores of all constructs, fasting blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin. On the other hand, no statistically significant change was observed in the mean grades of the control group. All the observed changes were significant at the 0.05 level. Conclusions The results of this study were in favor of the effectiveness of an educational intervention that promotes diabetes self-management behaviors, using the principles of the behavioral reasoning theory. Which can be used in the design of health promotion programs for patients with diabetes. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20131014015015N21.

Job stress, including the influential factors on the health of employees and, reduces employee productivity. Inadequate health literacy has a negative effect on people’s quality of life, and social support, can effect on stress and probably upgrade the quality of Work life (QWL). This study aimed to examine the relationship between job stress, health literacy and social support with the QWL in a steel plant in Dezful 2018. A cross-sectional analytic study, 418 steel plant workers were selected by a systematic random sampling. Data were collected by demographic characteristics, Walton’s Quality of Work Life Questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Health and Safety Executive Institute Job Stress Questionnaire, and Health Literacy Questionnaire, and were analyzed by spss using descriptive and inferential statistics. The relationship between job stress and QWL was significant (p < 0.001), but about health literacy and the QWL was insignificant (p = 0.756). The relationship between Social support with QWL was significant (p < 0.001), Job stress has a negative relationship with the QWL, and social support can reduce job stress and increasing their QWL.

Background The promotion of a healthy lifestyle among preschool children is essential for establishing their future habits. Evidence indicates that the incorporation of philosophical thinking—encompassing critical, creative, and compassionate thought—can significantly contribute to children’s cognitive and moral growth, thereby positively affecting their health-related decisions. This research evaluated the effects of imparting healthy lifestyle practices through philosophical thinking to preschool children. Methods This randomized controlled trial involved 120 preschoolers, who were randomly assigned to intervention groups for children, parents, and a control group. Educational sessions were conducted in the intervention groups of preschool children and parents using various educational tools such as films, narratives, and games. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and JAMOVI software. Results The present study provides evidence that instruction in healthy lifestyle behaviors grounded in philosophical thinking significantly enhances the healthy lifestyle practices of preschool children and their parents. The statistical analyses indicate that the improvements achieved are statistically significant, with both children and parents demonstrating enhancements in healthy lifestyle behavior scores two and four months following the intervention. While the effect sizes may be relatively small, the significance of the results underscores the potential for philosophical thinking interventions to foster positive behavior changes over time. Conclusions This research showed that teaching healthy lifestyle practices through philosophical thinking improved healthy behaviors in preschool-aged children. The results were more pronounced in children than in their parents. Future studies should focus on longer interventions and explore the effects across different age groups. Trial registration The international trial code is IRCT20230703058651N1 (date of registration 03/07/2023).

Objective To assess the impact of family social support (FSS) on postpartum quality of life (PQOL). Methods This analytical cross-sectional study enrolled postpartum women and asked them to complete the PQOL and FSS questionnaire (FSSQ) between October 2021 and February 2022 in three urban health centres in Shiraz, Iran. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and multiple regression were used to determine the relationship between the FSS and PQOL variables. Structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationship pathways of the impact of FSS on PQOL. Results A total of 240 women were enrolled in the study. The mean ± SD scores of PQOL and FSSQ were 61.63 ± 9.59 and 69.80 ± 11.19, respectively. Family support seeking (7.95) and emotional support seeking (−6.80) were two factors affecting PQOL. Conclusion Women should be empowered to seek support through education and actions from health workers, especially nurses and midwives, during routine regular prenatal care.

Introduction Breast cancer disease is known as the most common cancer among women. Lack of knowledge and awareness is a leading cause of breast cancer, and since nearly all women are increasingly susceptible to this disease, training screening behaviors for early detection is proven essential in order to reduce breast cancer mortality. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Action Model in improving breast cancer screening behaviors in women aged 30 to 69 in Kashan, Iran. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 162 women aged 30–69 years old among the clients of Comprehensive health service centers in Kashan, Iran and they were assigned to intervention and control groups. The research instrument included a questionnaire assessed within three phases: baseline, 3-months, and 6-months, containing Health Action Model (HAM) structures and also three screening behaviors. The intervention consisted of a model-based education package and was carried out over 2 months. To evaluate the effect of the intervention, the mean of model structures and proportion screening behaviors in the third and sixth months were compared with the baseline phase. All analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 22. Results The intervention and control groups were homogeneous regarding the structures of the HAM and the proportion of screening behaviors in the baseline phase ( p  > 0.05). In the 3-month ( p  < 0.05) and 6-month ( p  < 0.05) phases, the mean scores of the HAM constructs in the intervention group were found higher compared with the control group. Moreover, the proportion of clinical breast examinations in the intervention group was statistically higher than in the control group in the 3-month ( p  < 0.001) and 6-month ( p  < 0.001) phases. In addition, the proportion of mammography performed in the 3-month ( p  = 0.002) and 6-month ( p  < 0.001) phases were reported to be higher in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusion Overall, these results provide important insight into the effectiveness of the interventions based on the Health Action Model in promoting breast cancer screening behaviors and the determinants of such behaviors.

Background Professional occupations for the healthcare workers are usually rife with occupational stress, especially when job demand exceeds the capabilities of the worker and workplace support. The effects of this condition include burnout, low well-being, and low-quality care. Accordingly, using self-efficacy theory of Bandura, the study appraises the impact of self-efficacy-based education intervention on stress management among health center employees of Ramhormoz County in Iran. Methods The quasi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of 103 employees drawn from urban and rural health centers, who were clustered for randomization into an intervention group ( n  = 49) and a control group ( n  = 54). The intervention constituted eight weekly 45-minute face-to-face self-efficacy sessions spread over two months. Before and two months after the intervention, data were collected with the Parker and DeCotiis Occupational Stress Questionnaire and the Schwarzer’s General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Data analyses were conducted using paired, independent t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U-test using SPSS 27; a level of significance was set at p  < 0.05. Results Before the educational intervention, there were no significant differences in terms of job stress ( p  = 0.107), occupational anxiety ( p  = 0.280), occupational stress ( p  = 0.181), and self-efficacy ( p  = 0.176) between experimental and control groups. But after the intervention, there were significant differences between the groups in terms of job stress ( p  = 0.012), occupational stress ( p  = 0.034), and self-efficacy ( p  = 0.038). No significant difference found in occupational anxiety ( p  = 0.473). Conclusion The effectiveness of the self-efficacy-based educational intervention was evident in its positive effect on stress management and coping techniques among health center employees in the Ramhormoz county. The study emphasized that training in self-efficacy could be beneficial for enhancing self-efficacy and reducing work stress in the interventional group-by linking individual competence to job adoption and stress management. Trial registration This study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), registration number IRCT20211222053487N1, on 2023-09-26.

Introduction Pregnancy and childbirth are stages in a woman’s life that are associated with many different changes. These changes make normal pregnancy stressful and, if not adequately attended to, can have various irreparable effects on the fetus and the mother. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of an educational self-care intervention on the empowerment of primigravida pregnant women in the GP program in the city of Estahban. Materials and methods The present study was a randomized controlled trial. The sample included 80 pregnant primigravida women with a gestational age of 14–28 weeks. The samples were randomly selected and divided into an intervention group ( n  = 40) and a control group ( n  = 40). The method of sample selection for the generalizability of the study results and the maximum reduction of the socio-economic differences of the samples of the two control and experimental groups were selected from 4 health centers based in a simple random method, 2 centers along with the covered bases were selected as the control group and two other comprehensive health centers along with the covered bases were selected as the experimental group. In the selected databases, the names of eligible people were listed from the SIB system and among the mothers eligible to enter the study, 40 people were randomly considered as the control group and 40 people as the intervention group. Six sessions were held for the intervention group; however, the control group received no training. A posttest was conducted 1 month after the educational intervention for both the intervention and control groups. The data were analyzed via 3 questionnaires (demographic data, Kameda Empowerment of Pregnant Women and Self-Assessed Self-Care Empowerment in Pregnancy (SSAP)) and SPSS version 27 as well as chi-square tests, independent t-tests and paired t-tests. Results One month after the intervention, a significant difference was observed in all the constructs of the Pender health promotion model and empowerment subscales compared to with those of the control group ( p  < 0.001). In the in-group comparison in the intervention group, although no significant differences were observed in the interpersonal influence structure and future image, social support or joy in addition to the family subscales, the mean scores increased. Conclusion Self-care interventions based on Pender’s health promotion model can increase the ability of pregnant primigravida women to address common problems during pregnancy and thus improve pregnancy outcomes. To achieve significant changes in the interpersonal influence structure and future image, social support and the joy of an addition to the family subscales, more educational sessions, together with their trusted supporters, including their husbands, are emphasized. Trial registration Before starting the current research, it was registered in the clinical trial portal with the specifications of the clinical code Trial Id: 73547, IRCT Id: IRCT20131014015015N23, Registration date: 2023–11-10, 1402/08/19 and Membership number: 15015.

Background Quality of life is a multifaceted concept influenced by various factors. This study examines the relationship between gender role attitudes, body image concerns, and the quality of life among Balouch women, with a focus on the mediating role of marital relationship quality. Methods This cross-sectional study used a structural equation approach to analyze data from 297 married Balouch women attending urban healthcare centers. Proportional stratified sampling was conducted from June to September 2023. Data were collected via questionnaires on demographics, gender role attitudes, body image concerns, marital relationship quality, and quality of life. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, regression, and structural equations in SPSS24. Results The results showed that the marital relationship quality had a significant positive direct impact on the quality of life of Balouch women. Gender role attitude had no direct relationship with quality of life, but it did affect the quality of life by influencing body image concern. Body image concern had a significant negative direct and indirect relationship with the mediating role of marital relationship quality on the quality of life of Balouch women. The results showed that the fit of the final model was good. (χ2 = 1.138، p  < 0/001، GFI = 0.9، IFI = 1.023، RMSA < 0.001، CFI = 1.00). Conclusions The findings of this study provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the multifaceted factors influencing the quality of life among Balouch women. By addressing societal perceptions, enhancing marital relationships, and implementing targeted interventions, it is possible to improve the overall well-being of women in this community.

Background Osteoporosis, as the most common metabolic disease and the leading cause of death among older people, affects more than 200 million women throughout the world. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a health communication campaign on knowledge, attitude, and practice of older women towards prevention and control of osteoporosis. Methods In this multi-stage mixed methods study, 30 days’ health communication campaign for prevention of osteoporosis was conducted on 60- 75-year-old women, in rural areas of Fasa, Iran. Subjects were divided into two groups, control (n = 103) and intervention (n = 98). Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS 25.0. The significance level was set at < 0.05. Results Inter-group group analysis revealed that the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention, but after the intervention, unlike the behavior (P = 0.569), mean scores of knowledge (p < 0.001) and attitude (p < 0.001) of the intervention group were significantly more than the control group. Intra-group comparisons showed that, unlike the control group, the mean scores of knowledge (p < 0.001), attitudes (p < 0.001), and behavior (P < 0.001) increased significantly in the intervention group. Conclusions Health communication campaign is an effective way to change the knowledge and attitude and to a lesser extent the practice of the eldery toward prevention and control of osteoporosis.