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Background Emergence of cross-resistance to current anti-malarial drugs has led to an urgent need for identification of potential compounds with novel modes of action and anti-malarial activity against the resistant strains. One of the most promising therapeutic targets of anti-malarial agents related to food vacuole of malaria parasite is haemozoin, a product formed by the parasite through haemoglobin degradation. Methods With this in mind, this study developed two-dimensional-quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) models of a series of 21 haemozoin inhibitors to explore the useful physicochemical parameters of the active compounds for estimation of anti-malarial activities. The 2D-QSAR model with good statistical quality using partial least square method was generated after removing the outliers. Results Five two-dimensional descriptors of the training set were selected: atom count (a_ICM); adjacency and distance matrix descriptor (GCUT_SLOGP_2: the third GCUT descriptor using atomic contribution to logP); average total charge sum (h_pavgQ) in pKa prediction (pH = 7); a very low negative partial charge, including aromatic carbons which have a heteroatom-substitution in “ortho” position (PEOE_VSA-0) and molecular descriptor (rsynth: estimating the synthesizability of molecules as the fraction of heavy atoms that can be traced back to starting material fragments resulting from retrosynthetic rules), respectively. The model suggests that the anti-malarial activity of haemozoin inhibitors increases with molecules that have higher average total charge sum in pKa prediction (pH = 7). QSAR model also highlights that the descriptor using atomic contribution to logP or the distance matrix descriptor (GCUT_SLOGP_2), and structural component of the molecules, including topological descriptors does make for better anti-malarial activity. Conclusions The model is capable of predicting the anti-malarial activities of anti-haemozoin compounds. In addition, the selected molecular descriptors in this QSAR model are helpful in designing more efficient compounds against the P . falciparum 3D7A strain.

The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A) antisense RNA 1 (HNF1A-AS1) is an important lncRNA for liver growth, development, cell differentiation, and drug metabolism. Like many lncRNAs, HNF1A-AS1 has multiple annotated alternative transcripts in the human genome. Several fundamental biological questions are still not solved: (1) How many transcripts really exist in biological samples, such as liver samples and liver cell lines? (2) What are the expression patterns of different alternative HNF1A-AS1 transcripts at different conditions, including during cell growth and development, after exposure to xenobiotics (such as drugs), and in disease conditions, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) cirrhosis, and obesity? (3) Does the siRNA used in previous studies knock down one or multiple transcripts? (4) Do different transcripts have the same or different functions for gene regulation? The presented data confirm the existence of several annotated HNF1A-AS1 transcripts in liver samples and cell lines, but also identify some new transcripts, which are not annotated in the Ensembl genome database. Expression patterns of the identified HNF1A-AS1 transcripts are highly correlated with the cell differentiation of matured hepatocyte-like cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESC), growth and differentiation of HepaRG cells, in response to rifampicin induction, and in various liver disease conditions. The expression levels of the HNF1A-AS1 transcripts are also highly correlated to the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP3A4, during HepaRG growth, differentiation, and in response to rifampicin induction.

The World Bank assessed that meeting the goal of eradicating extreme poverty by 2030 appears to be challenging (or even impossible) for the world. This observation requires an urgent need for policymakers to explore potent instruments to combat poverty globally. Numerous studies have examined various determinants of poverty. However, financial literacy—a relatively new concept—remains underexplored, especially on a global scale. As such, this study is conducted to assess whether financial literacy can reduce the likelihood of falling into poverty using a unique dataset of 113 countries. We find that financial literacy has a significant and negative association with the likelihood of falling into poverty. Beyond association, the causal analysis shows that financial literacy exerts a negative effect on poverty. Our findings remain largely unchanged across different sub-samples based on socio-demographic factors, regions and country income levels, and robustness analyses.

Sedentism, along with a lack of physical activity, contributes to a decline in quality of life and is the fourth greatest cause of mortality. Changing sedentary lifestyle choices, such as increased physical exercise, is a method of health problem prevention. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of high-intensity circuit training on developing physical fitness in young healthy guys. A proper experimental procedure was employed in this investigation, including a pre-test - post-test control group design. Twenty Malang City students aged 19 to 22 were selected and separated into CNTL (control group) and HICT (high-intensity circuit training group). The high-intensity circuit training (HICT) intervention was performed three times per week for eight weeks. Physical fitness (VO2max, strength, speed, and agility) was assessed pre- and post-intervention. An independent sample t-test with a significance threshold of 5% is used in the data analysis procedure. The findings revealed a delta (∆) difference in the average gain in physical fitness (VO2max, strength, speed, and agility) between CNTL and HICT (p ≤ 0.01). This study shows that high-intensity circuit training done three times per week for eight weeks improves physical fitness in healthy young males. Keywords: Healthy male; high-intensity circuit training; physical fitness; sedentary lifestyle El sedentarismo, junto con la falta de actividad física, contribuye a una disminución de la calidad de vida y es la cuarta causa de mortalidad. Cambiar las opciones de estilo de vida sedentario, como aumentar el ejercicio físico, es un método de prevención de problemas de salud. Como resultado, el propósito de este estudio es investigar el efecto del entrenamiento en circuito de alta intensidad en el desarrollo de la aptitud física en chicos jóvenes sanos. En esta investigación se empleó un procedimiento experimental adecuado, incluido un diseño de grupo de control pre-prueba y post-prueba. Se seleccionaron veinte estudiantes de la ciudad de Malang de entre 19 y 22 años y se separaron en CNTL (grupo de control) y HICT (grupo de entrenamiento en circuito de alta intensidad). La intervención de entrenamiento en circuito de alta intensidad (HICT) se realizó tres veces por semana durante ocho semanas. La aptitud física (VO2máx, fuerza, velocidad y agilidad) se evaluó antes y después de la intervención. En el procedimiento de análisis de datos se utiliza una prueba t de muestra independiente con un umbral de significancia del 5%. Los hallazgos revelaron una diferencia delta (∆) en la ganancia promedio en aptitud física (VO2máx, fuerza, velocidad y agilidad) entre CNTL y HICT (p ≤ 0.01). Este estudio muestra que el entrenamiento en circuito de alta intensidad realizado tres veces por semana durante ocho semanas mejora la condición física en hombres jóvenes sanos. Palabras clave: Varón sano; entrenamiento en circuito de alta intensidad; aptitud física; estilo de vida sedentario Abstract. Sedentism, along with a lack of physical activity, contributes to a decline in quality of life and is the fourth greatest cause of mortality. Changing sedentary lifestyle choices, such as increased physical exercise, is a method of health problem prevention. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of high-intensity circuit training on developing physical fitness in young healthy guys. A proper experimental procedure was employed in this investigation, including a pre-test - post-test control group design. Twenty Malang City students aged 19 to 22 were selected and separated into CNTL (control group) and HICT (high-intensity circuit training group). The high-intensity circuit training (HICT) intervention was performed three times per week for eight weeks. Physical fitness (VO2max, strength, speed, and agility) was assessed pre- and post-intervention. An independent sample t-test with a significance threshold of 5% is used in the data analysis procedure. The findings revealed a delta (∆) difference in the average gain in physical fitness (VO2max, strength, speed, and agility) between CNTL and HICT (p ≤ 0.01). This study shows that high-intensity circuit training done three times per week for eight weeks improves physical fitness in healthy young males. Keywords: Healthy male; high-intensity circuit training; physical fitness; sedentary lifestyle O sedentarismo, aliado à falta de atividade física, contribui para a diminuição da qualidade de vida e é a quarta causa de mortalidade. Mudar as opções de estilo de vida sedentário, como aumentar o exercício físico, é um método de prevenção de problemas de saúde. Como resultado, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar o efeito do treinamento em circuito de alta intensidade no desenvolvimento da aptidão física em meninos saudáveis. Um procedimento experimental apropriado, incluindo um desenho de grupo de controle pré-teste e pós-teste, foi empregado nesta pesquisa. Vinte estudantes da cidade de Malang com idades entre 19 e 22 anos foram selecionados e separados em CNTL (grupo controle) e HICT (grupo de treinamento em circuito de alta intensidade). A intervenção de treinamento em circuito de alta intensidade (HICT) foi realizada três vezes por semana durante oito semanas. A aptidão física (VO2máx, força, velocidade e agilidade) foi avaliada antes e após a intervenção. Um teste t de amostra independente com limiar de significância de 5% é utilizado no procedimento de análise de dados. Os resultados revelaram uma diferença delta (∆) no ganho médio de aptidão (VO2max, força, velocidade e agilidade) entre CNTL e HICT (p ≤ 0,01). Este estudo mostra que o treinamento em circuito de alta intensidade realizado três vezes por semana durante oito semanas melhora a aptidão física em homens jovens saudáveis. Palavras-chave: Homem saudável; treinamento em circuito de alta intensidade; aptidão física; estilo de vida sedentário

Inclusive education in physical education is a hot topic today. Educators and researchers are competing to conduct research and development in order to improve the quality of physical education learning for children with special needs. One form of support for them is by providing assistive technology that can stimulate and help them carry out physical activities.The objective of this study is to discover the effectiveness of electric cube on the children with special needs' basic movement. This research is to develop technology-based tools to provide knowledge and skills to adaptive physical education teachers who teach students with disabilities. This study uses experimental research approach. The research design in this study is a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Using 10 children with mild mental disabilities as a control group and 10 children with mild mental disabilities in the experimental group. This research was conducted in the Malang city and Malang regency for 2 months with 24 times treatments. Based on the output table of \"Independent Samples Test\" it is revealed that the value of Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.026 <0.05, so as a basis for decision making in the independent samples t test, it can be seen that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the basic movements final test results between the experimental group and the control group. The conclusion of this study, even though the results show that there is a significant difference, we still need to study further about special needs children considering that there are still few existing studies related to this topic.

This research aims to effect of long-term high-intensity plyometric training on the strength and power of the lower body muscles in young healthy males. A total of 40 healthy men, aged 20–24 years, with no history of chronic disease, were recruited to become research subjects and were divided into 2 groups: the control group (CTRL; n=20) and the high-intensity plyometric training group (HIPT; n=20). The intervention was carried out for six weeks, with a frequency of four times per week. Meanwhile, at CTRL, no special training is given. Measurements of muscle strength and power were carried out between the pretest and posttest. The data analysis technique uses a paired sample t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed the average muscle strength between the pretest and posttest on CTRL (117.75±19.39 to 118.55±16.27 kg, p=0.704), and HIPT (116.55±19.64 to 132.25±19.15 kg, p=0.000). Muscle power between the pretest and posttest on CTRL (52.10±6.95 to 52.70±6.53 cm, p=0.055), and HIPT (53.05±6.72 to 66.85±8.07 cm, p=0.000). This research proves that long-term high-intensity plyometric training increases lower-body muscle strength and power in healthy young males. Keywords: Muscle strength, muscle power, physical condition, physical performance, plyometric training. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento pliométrico de alta intensidad a largo plazo sobre la fuerza y ​​​​la potencia de los músculos de la parte inferior del cuerpo en hombres jóvenes sanos. Se reclutó a un total de 40 hombres sanos, de entre 20 y 24 años, sin antecedentes de enfermedades crónicas, para que se convirtieran en sujetos de investigación y se dividieron en 2 grupos: el grupo de control (CTRL; n=20) y el grupo de entrenamiento pliométrico de alta intensidad. grupo (HIPT; n=20). La intervención se realizó durante seis semanas, con una frecuencia de cuatro veces por semana. Mientras tanto, en CTRL no se imparte ninguna formación especial. Se realizaron mediciones de fuerza y ​​potencia muscular entre el pretest y el postest. La técnica de análisis de datos utiliza una prueba t de muestras pareadas con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Los resultados mostraron la fuerza muscular promedio entre el pretest y el postest en CTRL (117,75±19,39 a 118,55±16,27 kg, p=0,704) y HIPT (116,55±19,64 a 132,25±19,15 kg, p=0,000). Potencia muscular entre el pretest y postest de CTRL (52,10±6,95 a 52,70±6,53 cm, p=0,055) y HIPT (53,05±6,72 a 66,85±8,07 cm, p=0,000). Esta investigación demuestra que el entrenamiento pliométrico de alta intensidad a largo plazo aumenta la fuerza y ​​potencia de los músculos de la parte inferior del cuerpo en hombres jóvenes sanos. Palabras clave: Fuerza muscular, potencia muscular, condición física, rendimiento físico, entrenamiento pliométrico. Abstract. This research aims to effect of long-term high-intensity plyometric training on the strength and power of the lower body muscles in young healthy males. A total of 40 healthy men, aged 20–24 years, with no history of chronic disease, were recruited to become research subjects and were divided into 2 groups: the control group (CTRL; n=20) and the high-intensity plyometric training group (HIPT; n=20). The intervention was carried out for six weeks, with a frequency of four times per week. Meanwhile, at CTRL, no special training is given. Measurements of muscle strength and power were carried out between the pretest and posttest. The data analysis technique uses a paired sample t-test with a significance level of 5%. The results showed the average muscle strength between the pretest and posttest on CTRL (117.75±19.39 to 118.55±16.27 kg, p=0.704), and HIPT (116.55±19.64 to 132.25±19.15 kg, p=0.000). Muscle power between the pretest and posttest on CTRL (52.10±6.95 to 52.70±6.53 cm, p=0.055), and HIPT (53.05±6.72 to 66.85±8.07 cm, p=0.000). This research proves that long-term high-intensity plyometric training increases lower-body muscle strength and power in healthy young males. Keywords: Muscle strength, muscle power, physical condition, physical performance, plyometric training. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar o efeito do treinamento pliométrico de alta intensidade e longo prazo na força e potência muscular da parte inferior do corpo em homens jovens saudáveis. Um total de 40 homens saudáveis, com idade entre 20 e 24 anos, sem histórico de doenças crônicas, foram recrutados para se tornarem sujeitos da pesquisa e divididos em 2 grupos: o grupo controle (CTRL; n=20) e o grupo de treinamento pliométrico de alta intensidade. grupo (HIPT; n=20). A intervenção foi realizada durante seis semanas, com frequência de quatro vezes por semana. Enquanto isso, nenhum treinamento especial é oferecido no CTRL. As medidas de força e potência muscular foram feitas entre o pré-teste e o pós-teste. A técnica de análise de dados utiliza teste t para amostras pareadas com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram a média de força muscular entre o pré-teste e o pós-teste no CTRL (117,75±19,39 a 118,55±16,27 kg, p=0,704) e HIPT (116,55±19,64 a 132, 25±19,15 kg, p=0,000). Potência muscular entre o pré e pós-teste de CTRL (52,10±6,95 a 52,70±6,53 cm, p=0,055) e HIPT (53,05±6,72 a 66,85±8,07 cm, p=0,000). Esta pesquisa demonstra que o treinamento pliométrico de alta intensidade e longo prazo aumenta a força e a potência muscular da parte inferior do corpo em homens jovens saudáveis. Palavras-chave: Força muscular, potência muscular, condição física, desempenho físico, treinamento pliométrico.

Background: The prevalence of obesity which is characterized by an increase in excess body weight occurs worldwide, including Indonesia, with 8.1% of obese men and 13.5% of obese women. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a precursor to the hormone DHEA, a sex steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and its concentration decreases with age have not precisely been decide in obese people regulation by aquarobics training (recommended sport type or obese people). This research aims to investigate the Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentration of obese people based on BMI, examine their relationship with obesity-related parameters and how it can be modulated by aquarobic training in premenopausal women with obesity. Methods: The experimental laboratory research design using the design of The Randomized PretestPosttest Control Group Design, conducted on 20 healty volunteers women obese from 45 - 55 years old, was divided into 2 groups where group 1 (n=10) aquarobics training intensity 70-85% HRmax for 8 weeks and control group (n=10). Measurement of the Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentration Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, measuring other factors like Low Density Lipoprotein and cholesterol level before and after treatment. Result: Aquarobic training group pre-test BMI 31.32+0.97kg/m2, DHEA 66.92+22.65 nmol/l and cortisol levels 9.67+3.37 nmol/l; Post-test BMI 30.24+1.18 kg/m2, DHEA 82.25+21.52 nmol/l and cortisol levels 7.60+3,11 nmol/l (p<0.05). control group pre-test BMI 32.48+1.56kg/m2, DHEA 63.83+24.09 nmol/l and cortisol levels 7.70+1.65 nmol/l; Post-test BMI 33.18±1.56kg/m2, DHEA 65.53+22.09 nmol/l and cortisol levels 8.23+1.44 nmol/l (p>0.05). Conclusion: it was observed that aquarobics training intensity 70-85% HRmax for 8 weeks significantly increased DHEA concentration and decreased cortisol levels, DHEA may play an important role in obesity and can be potentially modulated by aquarobic training.

Background Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), is a promising nutraceutical attracting much attention for its pharmacological and anti-aging efficacies. However, NMN-containing commercial products are very high-priced due to the lack of efficient and facile methods for industrial-scale production. To date, various metabolic engineering strategies have been successfully applied to produce NMN in Escherichia coli. Recently, Vibrio natriegens has become a promising host in the bioindustry thanks to its rapid growth and capabilities of broad substrate utilization. This study aims to evaluate the NMN biosynthesis capability of V. natriegens. Methods Firstly, a mutant V. natriegens strain (Δdns::araC-T7RNAP-Kan R ΔpncC::FtnadE-Sm R ΔnadR) was generated via multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (MuGENT). Nampt genes encoding nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase from Chitinophaga pinensis, Sphingopyxis sp. C-1 , Haemophilus ducreyi, and Vibrio phage KVP40 were codon-optimized and cloned into pACYCDuet™-1 under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant plasmids were electroporated into the mutant strain. The expression of recombinant NAMPTs in V. natriegens was evaluated by SDS-PAGE analysis and the intracellular NMN concentrations were quantified by HPLC. Results After two rounds of MuGENT, V. natriegens V54-33 strain (Δdns::araC-T7RNAP-Kan R ΔpncC::FtnadE-Sm R ΔnadR) was successfully generated. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that all NAMPTs were strongly expressed in the V54-33 strain. HPLC analysis revealed that the highest intracellular NMN concentration was obtained with NAMPT from Chitinophaga pinensis (44.5 μM), followed by NAMPT from Vibrio phage KVP40 (23.3 μM). Conclusion This study demonstrated the feasibility of NMN biosynthesis in V. natriegens.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), is a promising nutraceutical attracting much attention for its pharmacological and anti-aging efficacies. However, NMN-containing commercial products are very high-priced due to the lack of efficient and facile methods for industrial-scale production. To date, various metabolic engineering strategies have been successfully applied to produce NMN in Escherichia coli. Recently, Vibrio natriegens has become a promising host in the bioindustry thanks to its rapid growth and capabilities of broad substrate utilization. This study aims to evaluate the NMN biosynthesis capability of V. natriegens. Firstly, a mutant V. natriegens strain (Δdns::araC-T7RNAP-KanR ΔpncC::FtnadE-SmR ΔnadR) was generated via multiplex genome editing by natural transformation (MuGENT). Nampt genes encoding nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase from Chitinophaga pinensis, Sphingopyxis sp. C-1, Haemophilus ducreyi, and Vibrio phage KVP40 were codon-optimized and cloned into pACYCDuet™-1 under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant plasmids were electroporated into the mutant strain. The expression of recombinant NAMPTs in V. natriegens was evaluated by SDS-PAGE analysis and the intracellular NMN concentrations were quantified by HPLC. After two rounds of MuGENT, V. natriegens V54-33 strain (Δdns::araC-T7RNAP-KanR ΔpncC::FtnadE-SmR ΔnadR) was successfully generated. SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that all NAMPTs were strongly expressed in the V54-33 strain. HPLC analysis revealed that the highest intracellular NMN concentration was obtained with NAMPT from Chitinophaga pinensis (44.5 μM), followed by NAMPT from Vibrio phage KVP40 (23.3 μM). This study demonstrated the feasibility of NMN biosynthesis in V. natriegens.

Sepsis is the most common cause of in-hospital deaths, especially from low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to investigate the mortality rate and associated factors from sepsis in intensive care units (ICUs) in an LMIC. We did a multicenter cross-sectional study of septic patients presenting to 15 adult ICUs throughout Vietnam on the 4 days representing the different seasons of 2019. Of 252 patients, 40.1% died in hospital and 33.3% died in ICU. ICUs with accredited training programs (odds ratio, OR: 0.309; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.122–0.783) and completion of the 3-h sepsis bundle (OR: 0.294; 95% CI 0.083–1.048) were associated with decreased hospital mortality. ICUs with intensivist-to-patient ratio of 1:6 to 8 (OR: 4.533; 95% CI 1.621–12.677), mechanical ventilation (OR: 3.890; 95% CI 1.445–10.474) and renal replacement therapy (OR: 2.816; 95% CI 1.318–6.016) were associated with increased ICU mortality, in contrast to non-surgical source control (OR: 0.292; 95% CI 0.126–0.678) which was associated with decreased ICU mortality. Improvements are needed in the management of sepsis in Vietnam such as increasing resources in critical care settings, making accredited training programs more available, improving compliance with sepsis bundles of care, and treating underlying illness and shock optimally in septic patients.