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Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR) is associated with various tumors, including ependymomas. To investigate whether EGFR inhibition was of benefit in pediatric patients with recurrent ependymoma, a multi-center, randomized, open-label, phase 2 study of oral erlotinib versus oral etoposide was undertaken. Twenty-five patients were randomized to receive erlotinib 85 mg/m 2 daily or etoposide 50 mg/m 2 /day for 21 consecutive days followed by a 7-day rest period. Courses were repeated every 28 days. In the erlotinib arm, no patient achieved a complete, partial, or minor response, and only 2 (15.4 %) patients showed stable disease as their best response. In the etoposide arm, 2 patients (16.7 %) demonstrated partial responses, 1 (8.3 %) patient demonstrated a minor response, and 2 (16.7 %) showed prolonged stable disease, for a prolonged disease control rate of 41.7 %. Three patients received at least nine cycles of etoposide (range 9–24 cycles) before discontinuing at the request of the physician and/or family. Four patients who failed etoposide in this study received erlotinib in a companion single arm study; none had a response. The futility criteria were met at the second interim analysis, and both studies were discontinued. Pharmacokinetics of erlotinib were similar to previous observations in pediatric patients. Overall, erlotinib was well tolerated and safety was consistent with its established profile in adults. The overall risk–benefit profile does not support the use of erlotinib in pediatric patients with recurrent ependymoma, whereas single-agent etoposide appears to have efficacy in a subset of patients.

The East Campus/Kendall gateway urban design study, which has been in the works since 2009, seeks to create a revitalized gateway to the Kendall Square-East Campus area by \"providing space for new innovative academic initiatives and commercial enterprises,\" among other things.

[...]the proposal suggests creating an Institute-wide focal point for advancing MIT's research and educational programs related to 21st century statistics.

According to Reed, while some of the land slated for commercial development is close to the academic campus, the Institute clearly delineates between property that can be developed for academic use, and property for commercial use.

The Department of Materials Science and Engineering labs in Building 4 and the Research Laboratory of Electronics in Buildings 26, 36, and 38 are all nearby.

If the building were to be renovated for structural integrity, the extent of the renovations would require that the building be brought to today's building code standards, which would include, among other things, installing an elevator, wider doorways, and horizontal-circulation corridors.

The NIH will also not conducting peer reviews or advisory council review meetings for grants or issuing further Notice of Awards (or any other correspondence relating to grant funds) until operations resume.

The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing, mostly due to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (TC). The increasing use of potent preclinical models, high throughput molecular technologies, and gene expression microarrays have provided a deeper understanding of molecular characteristics in cancer. Hence, molecular markers have become a potent tool also in TC management to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, predict aggressive biology, prognosis, recurrence, as well as for identification of novel therapeutic targets. In differentiated TC, molecular markers are mainly used as an adjunct to guide management of indeterminate nodules on fine needle aspiration biopsies. In contrast, in advanced thyroid cancer, molecular markers enable targeted treatments of affected signalling pathways. Identification of the driver mutation of targetable kinases in advanced TC can select treatment with mutation targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to slow growth and reverse adverse effects of the mutations, when traditional treatments fail. This review will outline the molecular landscape and discuss the impact of molecular markers on diagnosis, surveillance and treatment of differentiated, poorly differentiated and anaplastic follicular TC.

In Focus: Blecha, K. A., Boone, R. B., & Alldredge, M. W. (2018). Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland–urban interface. Journal of Animal Ecology, 87, 609–622. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12801 Puma (Puma concolor), an apex predator, can live at the edge of cities where pockets of low‐density human dwellings form residential patches in the wildland–urban interface. Blecha, Boone, and Alldredge () tracked puma via global positioning system (GPS) telemetry collars to determine when and where they hunted and made kills. Well‐fed puma (1–2 days between kills) strongly avoided residential patches despite these areas having higher mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) densities and higher kill success for puma. However, the strong avoidance of residential patches completely disappeared as puma became hungrier (4–10 days since last kill) making it more likely that hungry individuals hunted in residential areas and ultimately increasing the likelihood of puma–human conflict. Apex predators living near patches of residential housing switch from strong avoidance of these areas when hunting is good (well‐fed) to no avoidance when they have not killed for some time (hungry), making them more likely to become involved in a human–carnivore conflict.