Catalogue Search | MBRL
Are you sure you want to remove the book from the shelf?
{{itemTitle}}
411
result(s) for
"Gillen, David"
Sort by:
EU Slot Policy at Congested Hubs, and Incentives to Add Capacity
We examine the slot management regime used in congested EU airports and investigate how it might, in the short run, lead to inefficient outcomes and, in the long run, discourage support for expanding airport capacity. The EU Regulation limiting incumbent airlines' access to newly available slots exacerbates incumbents' reluctance to support runway capacity expansion since they would lose market share and scarcity rents. The paper illustrates this using the debate concerning runway expansion at London Heathrow and Gatwick. It concludes by suggesting only the taxation of rents is likely to alter incumbent airlines' opposition to expansion of congested hubs.
Journal Article
Liberalization in Aviation
The last few decades have witnessed substantial liberalization trends in various industries and countries. Starting with the deregulation of the US airline industry in 1978, regulatory restructuring took place in further network industries such as telecommunications, electricity or railways in various countries around the world. Although most of the liberalization movements were initially triggered by the worrying performances of the respective regulatory frameworks, increases in competition and corresponding improvements in allocative and productive efficiency were typically associated with the respective liberalization efforts. From an academic perspective, the transition from regulated industries to liberalized industries has attracted a substantial amount of research reflected in many books and research articles which can be distilled to three main questions: (1) What are the forces that have given rise to regulatory reform? (2) What is the structure of the regulatory change which has occurred to date and is likely to occur in the immediate future? (3) What have been the effects on industry efficiency, prices and profits of the reforms which have occurred to date? Liberalization in Aviation brings together renowned academics and practitioners from around the world to address all three questions and draw policy conclusions. The book is divided into five sections, in turn dealing with aspects of competition in various liberalized markets, the emergence and growth of low-cost carriers, horizontal mergers and alliances, infrastructures, and concluding with economic assessments of liberalization steps so far and proposed steps in the future.
eBook
Non-invasive dentistry method for clinical determination of bleeding time: evaluation in subjects with and without direct oral anticoagulant therapy
Assessing bleeding duration in patients on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is crucial for evaluating reversal strategies, yet no standardized methods are currently available for clinical trials. We investigated a non-invasive, reproducible bleeding model based on a routine dental cleaning procedure, aiming to provide a clinically meaningful endpoint for testing DOAC antidots.
We enrolled 90 subjects in this prospective observational pilot study: 49 not receiving DOACs (group 1; 30 female, 19 male; mean age: 40.7 ± 16 years) and 41 on DOACs (group 2; 22 female, 19 male; mean age: 71.3 ± 20.4 years). Mouth-rinse samples were collected before and at 5-minute intervals for up to 60 min following bleeding-on-probing assessment, periodontal staging, and dental cleaning. Red blood cell (RBC) counts in these samples were determined using a hemocytometer. Bleeding cessation was defined as an RBC count below 150 cells/µL. Reaching this threshold within 15 min was defined as the clinical endpoint (EP).
In group 1, 83.7% reached the EP (group 1a (without gingivitis): 90.9%; group 1b (with gingivitis): 77.8%). In group 2, only 39% reached the EP (group 2a (without gingivitis): 60%; group 2b (with gingivitis): 32.3%;
p
< 0.001 vs. group 1). The most relevant comparison for future antidote trials is between group 1b (non-DOAC with gingivitis) and group 2b (DOAC with gingivitis;
p
< 0.001).
This model offers a standardized, non-invasive, and clinically relevant approach to monitor bleeding in DOAC-treated patients. The defined clinical endpoint (≤ 150 RBC/µL after 15 min) could serve as a useful surrogate for evaluating the efficacy of temporary DOAC reversal agents.
Journal Article
A review of physical experimental research in jet electrochemical machining
Jet electrochemical machining (Jet-ECM) is a non-traditional machining process that has developed rapidly since its introduction in the 1980s with progress being made in micro-machining and surface finishing. This paper critically reviews the development of physical experimental work in Jet-ECM and corresponding hybrid technologies and their applications, e.g. laser- and air-assisted Jet-ECM. In addition to discussing the merits of the physical experimental research, the paper concludes with research challenges in the future of Jet-ECM development.
Journal Article
New insights on manipulating the material removal characteristics of Jet-Electrochemical machining through nozzle design
Jet-Electrochemical machining (Jet-ECM) is a novel variation of traditional electrochemical machining in which electrically conductive material is removed through anodic dissolution by means of a fine jet of electrolyte. In this study, the effect of nozzle geometry on material removal characteristics are investigated through physical experiments performed on a Jet-ECM system under development at the university of Manchester. A total of 8 nozzles with holes encompassing converging, diverging and rounded features are studied at flow rates between 0.125 and 0.225 l/min. The results show that the nozzle hole geometry has a significant effect on the machined profile produced due to variations in flow velocity, pressure, and electric current distribution with converging hole nozzles providing an increased depth of cut than the symmetrical cylindrical channel by up to 9.7%. A 2D Star CCM+ simulation is also proposed, and numerical results developed and compared with experimental ones to investigate the feasibility of using simulation to develop future nozzle designs. The simulated results show good profile comparison to the experimental results, however, the model needs developing to improve the process repeatability for future use in nozzle design.
Journal Article
Design, Optimization and Characterisation of Polymeric Microneedle Arrays Prepared by a Novel Laser-Based Micromoulding Technique
ABSTRACT
Purpose
Design and evaluation of a novel laser-based method for micromoulding of microneedle arrays from polymeric materials under ambient conditions. The aim of this study was to optimise polymeric composition and assess the performance of microneedle devices that possess different geometries.
Methods
A range of microneedle geometries was engineered into silicone micromoulds, and their physicochemical features were subsequently characterised.
Results
Microneedles micromoulded from 20% w/w aqueous blends of the mucoadhesive copolymer Gantrez® AN-139 were surprisingly found to possess superior physical strength than those produced from commonly used pharma polymers. Gantrez® AN-139 microneedles, 600 μm and 900 μm in height, penetrated neonatal porcine skin with low application forces (>0.03 N per microneedle). When theophylline was loaded into 600 μm microneedles, 83% of the incorporated drug was delivered across neonatal porcine skin over 24 h. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that drug-free 600 μm Gantrez® AN-139 microneedles punctured the
stratum corneum
barrier of human skin
in vivo
and extended approximately 460 µm into the skin. However, the entirety of the microneedle lengths was not inserted.
Conclusion
In this study, we have shown that a novel laser engineering method can be used in micromoulding of polymeric microneedle arrays. We are currently carrying out an extensive OCT-informed study investigating the influence of microneedle array geometry on skin penetration depth, with a view to enhanced transdermal drug delivery from optimised laser-engineered Gantrez® AN-139 microneedles.
Journal Article
Transportation Infrastructure Management One- and Two-sided Market Approaches
We study a profit-maximising airport under one- and two-sided market structures. Our analysis reveals that the airport management will choose the welfare maximising price structure based on market characteristics and demand complementarity. We find that, in contrast with the traditional literature, airports in low- or high-density markets will exercise market power, while over a broad range of market densities the airport sets prices to incentivise airlines to expand its services, and both airport and airlines realise strictly positive profits.
Journal Article
The full cost of high-speed rail: an engineering approach
This paper examines the full costs, defined as the sum of private and social costs, of a high-speed rail system proposed for a corridor connecting Los Angeles and San Francisco in California. The full costs include infrastructure, fleet capital and operating expenses, the time users spend on the system, and the social costs of externalities, such as noise, pollution, and accidents. Comparing these full costs to those of other competing modes contributes to the evaluation of the feasibility of high-speed rail in the corridor. The paper concludes that high-speed rail is significantly more costly than expanding existing air service, and marginally more expensive than auto travel. This suggests that high-speed rail is better positioned to serve shorter distance markets where it competes with auto travel than longer distance markets where it substitutes for air.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Journal Article
Global Implications of the EU’s Pharmacovigilance System Master File Requirements: Newly Developed Decision Trees to Distinguish Different Study Types
In Europe, a new guideline on good pharmacovigilance practices–Module II: Pharmacovigilance system master file (PSMF)—was issued, and initially came into effect on 2 July 2012, with revision on 12 April 2013. The guideline describes the PSMF, which is a detailed description of the pharmacovigilance system and supports/documents its compliance with the requirements. Establishing and maintaining a PSMF is a global activity. However, because of differences or absence of regulations, legislation or guidance documents (soft laws) across the globe, definitions of studies may be different. However, as part of the PSMF, the marketing authorisation holder in Europe should be able to produce and make available a list including data arising from all study sources (the so-called ‘study list’) for inspection, audit and Qualified Person responsible for Pharmacovigilance oversight. For medicinal products authorised in Europe, this study list should describe, on a worldwide basis, the status of each study/programme, the applicable country(ies), the product(s) and the main objective. Most importantly, it should distinguish between non-interventional and interventional studies (clinical trials) and should be organised by active substance. The study list should include all ongoing studies/programmes as well as all studies/programmes completed in the last 2 years and may be provided as an annex to the PSMF or separately. This article analyses the global impact of the new European PSMF requirements, with special focus on the mandatory global study list. There are distinct differences between biomedical research, market research, patient support programmes and non-interventional and interventional studies, and a decision tree to support classification is proposed. This decision tree should improve harmonisation of study assessment and minimise inter-country variability in the presentation of studies/programmes for the PSMF.
Journal Article