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"Gillis, John R"
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Not continents in miniature: islands as ecotones
Islands are usually thought of as being territorial-like continents, but on a smaller scale. Yet, they differ from continents in one fundamental regard: their relationship to water. Islands must be understood as ecotones, a concept of increasing importance to the environmental sciences in recent years, but not well known to island studies scholars. An ecotone is a place where two ecosystems connect and create a unique environment different from both. It therefore illuminates aspects of island life that are obscured when we treat islands as bounded territorial units constituting a singular ecosystem. Continents may contain one or more ecotones; but islands, especially smaller ones, are dominated by the ecotone where land meets sea. The littoral ecotone helps explain many of the distinctive qualities of island economies and the adaptability, dynamism, and resilience of island societies. It adds to the extensive revisionist literature that has already challenged the myth of island isolation, boundedness, and remoteness.
Journal Article
For better, for worse : British marriages, 1600 to the present
Did you know that...The \"contemporary\" fashion of living together before marriage is far from new, and was frequently practiced in earlier days...Self-divorce, although never legal, was once a commonplace occurrence...Marriage is more popular today than in the Victorian era...Marriage in church was not compulsory in England and Wales until.
eBook
Island Sojourns
Islands have long held a central place in Western cultures' mythical geographies. They have been associated for centuries with heroic journeys and holy quests, imagined realms of magical transformations. Islands have also been sites of significant rites of passage, and they continue to perform this function in the modern secular world. Today, popular islomania is expressed in the frequency of seasonal sojourning on European and American archipelagos. No longer destinations of permanent residence, islands now provide access to a sense of temporal and spatial rootedness that is no longer available on mainlands. They loom large on the mental maps even of those who rarely, if ever, visit them.
Journal Article
Marriages of the mind
Gillis discusses how marriage evolves from the 19th century up to the 21st century. Among other things, what appears to be happening today should be seen not as the exception but the norm in the treatment of marriage in human societies.
Journal Article
Speaking to history
The ancient story of King Goujian, a psychologically complex fifth-century BCE monarch, spoke powerfully to the Chinese during China's turbulent twentieth century. Yet most Americans—even students and specialists of this era—have never heard of Goujian. In Speaking to History, Paul A. Cohen opens this previously missing (to the West) chapter of China's recent history. He connects the story to each of the major traumas of the last century, tracing its versatility as a source of inspiration and hope and elegantly exploring, on a more general level, why such stories often remain sealed up within a culture, unknown to outsiders. Labeling this phenomenon \"insider cultural knowledge,\" Cohen investigates the relationship between past story and present reality. He inquires why at certain moments in their collective lives peoples are especially drawn to narratives from the distant past that resonate strongly with their current circumstances, and why the Chinese have returned over and over to a story from twenty-five centuries ago. In this imaginative stitching of story to history, Cohen reveals how the shared narratives of a community help to define its culture and illuminate its history.
eBook
Establishing a minimum incubation time for biological indicators
For exposed Bis that have only one surviving spore, one of two conditions can exist: the spore has not been damaged in a manner that significantly affects either germination time or post-germination growth rate, or damage has occurred that significantly affects one or both of these characteristics, when a sterilisation exposure gives a quantal-zone result of 50% of the Bis testing nonsterile, the Poisson distribution predicts approximately 35 Bis will have only one surviving spore and the remaining 15 will...
Journal Article
Understanding biological indicator grow-out times--part II
Calculated survival time exposures: Three lots of 100 Bis were exposed to the calculated survival time and incubated as previously described (see Table ill). The average time for the first nonsteriie Bl in the three lots was 3.54 hours. Ninety-five percent of the Bis were nonsterile in 6.0 hours. This incubation duration from the first nonsteriie Bl to 95% nonsteriie Bis was 2.46 hours. This result was very similar to that observed with the unexposed controls.
Journal Article
Not Continents in Miniature: Islands as Ecotones
Islands are usually thought of as being territorial-like continents, but on a smaller scale. Yet, they differ from continents in one fundamental regard: their relationship to water. Islands must be understood as ecotones, a concept of increasing importance to the environmental sciences in recent years, but not well known to island studies scholars. An ecotone is a place where two ecosystems connect and create a unique environment different from both. It therefore illuminates aspects of island life that are obscured when we treat islands as bounded territorial units constituting a singular ecosystem. Continents may contain one or more ecotones; but islands, especially smaller ones, are dominated by the ecotone where land meets sea. The littoral ecotone helps explain many of the distinctive qualities of island economies and the adaptability, dynamism, and resilience of island societies. It adds to the extensive revisionist literature that has already challenged the myth of island isolation, boundedness, and remoteness.
Journal Article
“A Triumph of Hope over Experience”: Chance and Choice in the History of Marriage
When Dr Johnson made his famous eighteenth-century remark about second marriages being a triumph of hope over experience, his wit could easily have been directed toward the unions that Steven King has illuminated. It is never entirely clear why people marry or choose to marry the people they do, a situation that is as frustrating to historians as to friends and family. Marriage remains one of life's great mysteries, perhaps the last great mystery left to us. It fascinates and absorbs us, providing an inexhaustible audience for daytime soap operas and evening situation comedies. Romance novels top the fiction charts; and Hollywood returns to the theme time and again. Marriage fascinates precisely because it is so unpredictable, so much beyond our control. One would think that the riskiness of the lottery of love would frighten, even repel, us, but instead we are drawn to it as a gambler is drawn to the slots or the track. Love is, like gambling, a form of “deep play”, which reveals things about ourselves that we can only discover when we move from the world of choice to the realm of chance. Today, marriage is often the central episode in the stories we tell when we try to explain ourselves to ourselves and to others. It is the most elaborately celebrated and ritualized of all the events of the adult life course, the source of our most precious images and memories. Marriage is simply enchanting.
Journal Article