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Physician non-compete agreements may have significant competitive implications, and effects on both providers and patients, but they are treated variously under the law on a state-by-state basis. Reviewing the relevant law and the economic literature cannot identify with confidence the net effects of such agreements on either physicians or health care delivery with any generality. In addition to identifying future research projects to inform policy, it is argued that the antitrust “rule of reason” provides a useful and established framework with which to evaluate such agreements in specific health care markets and, potentially, to address those agreements most likely to do significant damage to health care competition and consumers.

Licensing laws in 21 states require that nurse practitioners (NPs) maintain collaborative practice agreements (CPAs) with physicians. Terms, and some of the costs of CPAs, including charges by participating physicians in Florida, are described. Findings suggest requirements for CPAs in Florida often result in agreements conferring few or no benefits. Such contracts add costs to the delivery of health care and restrict market competition between providers, without providing demonstrable health or safety benefits to healthcare consumers.

Cairo Popis the first book to examine the dominant popular music of Egypt,shababiyya. Scorned or ignored by scholars and older Egyptians alike,shababiyyaplays incessantly in Cairo, even while Egyptian youth joined in mass protests against their government, which eventually helped oust longtime Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak in early 2011. Living in Cairo at the time of the revolution, Daniel Gilman saw, and more importantly heard, the impact that popular music can have on culture and politics. Here he contributes a richly ethnographic analysis of the relationship between mass-mediated popular music, modernity, and nationalism in the Arab world. BeforeCairo Pop, most scholarship on the popular music of Egypt focused on musiqa al-ṭarab. Immensely popular in the 1950s and '60s and even into the '70s,musiqa al-ṭarabadheres to Arabic musical theory, with non-Western scales based on tunings of the strings of the'ud-the lute that features prominently, nearly ubiquitously, in Arabic music. However, today one in five Egyptians is between the ages of 15 and 24; half the population is under the age of 25. Andshababiyyais their music of choice. By speaking informally with dozens of everyday young people in Cairo, Gilman comes to understand shababiyya as more than just a musical genre: sometimes it is for dancing or seduction, other times it propels social activism, at others it is simply sonic junk food. In addition to providing a clear Egyptian musical history as well as a succinct modern political history of the nation,Cairo Popelevates the aural and visual aesthetic ofshababiyya-and its role in the lives of a nation's youth.

Dark matter makes up most of the mass in the Universe, and yet its particle nature remains unknown. Structure formation arguments provide a promising avenue to address this confounding mystery, as the mass and formation mechanism of the dark matter manifests in the abundance and density profiles of dark matter halos. Measurements of the halo mass function and the mass-concentration relation can therefore be cast as direct constraints on the particle nature of dark matter itself.Strong gravitational lensing by galaxies offers a unique probe of dark matter structure across cosmological distance, circumventing the use of luminous matter to trace the underlying dark matter. Observables from strong lens systems, particularly the image magnifications in quadruply-imaged quasars, probe the halo mass function directly on sub-galactic scales, below 108 solar masses. In this low-mass regime, where halos become devoid of stars and gas, various dark matter models make unique predictions that lensing can constrain.In this dissertation, I present the development and implementation of a forward modeling framework that constrains any model based on dark matter theory, provided the model predicts the form of the halo mass function, and the density profile of individual halos. Using the framework I developed, my thesis presents an unprecedented constraint on the free-streaming length of dark matter that corresponds to a lower limit of 5.2keV on the mass of a thermal relic dark matter particle. In addition, I present the first constraint on the mass-concentration relation of Cold Dark Matter halos on sub-galactic scales across cosmological distance. The flexibility of the framework I developed broadens the scope of strong-lensing analyses to any structure formation model based on dark matter theory, underscoring the power of strong gravitational lensing as a probe of fundamental physics.