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"Gissibl, Bernhard"
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Civilizing Nature
National parks are one of the most important and successful institutions in global environmentalism. Since their first designation in the United States in the 1860s and 1870s they have become a global phenomenon. The development of these ecological and political systems cannot be understood as a simple reaction to mounting environmental problems, nor can it be explained by the spread of environmental sensibilities. Shifting the focus from the usual emphasis on national parks in the United States, this volume adopts an historical and transnational perspective on the global geography of protected areas and its changes over time. It focuses especially on the actors, networks, mechanisms, arenas, and institutions responsible for the global spread of the national park and the associated utilization and mobilization of asymmetrical relationships of power and knowledge, contributing to scholarly discussions of globalization and the emergence of global environmental institutions and governance.
eBook
The nature of German imperialism
Today, the East African state of Tanzania is renowned for wildlife preserves such as the Serengeti National Park, the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, and the Selous Game Reserve. Yet few know that most of these initiatives emerged from decades of German colonial rule. This book gives the first full account of Tanzanian wildlife conservation up until World War I, focusing upon elephant hunting and the ivory trade as vital factors in a shift from exploitation to preservation that increasingly excluded indigenous Africans. Analyzing the formative interactions between colonial governance and the natural world,The Nature of German Imperialism situates East African wildlife policies within the global emergence of conservationist sensibilities around 1900.
eBook
Epilogue
“Over the last decades, all civilized nations of the world have introduced zones of nature protection and game reserves, both in the motherlands and in the colonies. Germany, for example, had identified the giant crater Ngorongoro in former German East Africa as a Naturschutzgebiet. With its 300 square kilometres and around 50,000 heads of game … it is the greatest natural zoo.”¹ This bold conversion of the conservationist failure of 1914 into retrospective achievement was the message of a huge relief representation of the Ngorongoro crater that formed part of the section on nature conservation at the International Hunting Exhibition
Book Chapter
Introduction
With its roughly 250 square kilometers of fertile grass, and an amazing abundance of wildlife within its forested walls, the caldera of Ngorongoro counts among Tanzania’s world-renowned wilderness areas. Like the adjacent Serengeti National Park or the Selous Game Reserve, Ngorongoro features on UNESCO’s World Heritage list. Hundreds of thousands of tourists annually visit the crater for the promise of a spectacular game drive in a unique geological environment. So did I, one sunny morning in November 2004. My game drive was, however, also a journey into Ngorongoro’s German history.
By midday, Joseph, my guide and driver, had taken me
Book Chapter
A Bavarian Serengeti
In 1964, the Frankfurt Zoo director and conservation celebrity Bernhard Grzimek approached the government of the German federal state of Hesse with the plan to establish a ‘new kind of landscape zoo’ in the forested mountain range of the Taunus. As an outpost of the Frankfurt Zoo, the proposed Tierfreiheit should translate the wildlife experience of East Africa’s national parks into Germany’s cultural landscape. European and exotic game were to be kept together in herds in one single, vast estate, and zebras and antelopes as well as European bison, beavers, lynxes and wild horses should be allowed to roam unimpeded
Book Chapter