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Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) are increasingly promoted as solutions to housing crises, labor constraints and decarbonization targets, yet implementation outcomes vary markedly across national contexts. This study applies a structured cross-case comparative design to examine MMC adoption in seven high-income countries—Japan, Germany, Sweden, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. Drawing on documentary analysis of 66 company cases and 26 government initiatives, validated through expert consultation, the study develops and applies an eight-dimensional framework assessing policy alignment, industrial capability, and cultural receptivity. Findings show that successful adoption is rarely the result of technological innovation alone, but of sustained alignment between institutional, industrial, and socio-cultural systems. Barriers such as regulatory fragmentation, workforce resistance, and context-insensitive transfer strategies are shown to undermine outcomes. By distinguishing context-dependent constraints from transferable mechanisms, the paper reframes MMC not as a fixed set of technologies but as a systemic transformation, identifying the structural preconditions for effective adoption and contributing to debates on construction industrialization, policy learning, and innovation diffusion in the built environment.

Jockeys must wear safety vests as a piece of compulsory personal product equipment (PPE) due to the highly dangerous nature of horse racing. Notwithstanding that 'design thinking' became popular in various fields (e.g. business, education, health, IT), product innovation still not widely attract its application to the design of some PPE products. This article discusses a qualitative case study about the design of Australian safety vests for jockeys along with the application of user-centred design principles. This led to asking for a revision of this framework to accommodate design dependencies in terms of a suggested dependency-based user experience (D-UX) design framework along with further research in this field.