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"Godreau, Isar (Isar P.)"
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Scripts of blackness : race, cultural nationalism, and U.S. colonialism in Puerto Rico
\"The geopolitical influence of the United States informs the processes of racialization in Puerto Rico, including the construction of black places. In Scripts of Blackness, Isar P. Godreau explores how Puerto Rican national discourses about race--created to overcome U.S. colonial power--simultaneously privilege whiteness, typecast blackness, and silence charges of racism. Based on an ethnographic study of the barrio of San Antâon in the city of Ponce, Scripts of Blackness examines institutional and local representations of blackness as developing from a power-laden process that is inherently selective and political, not neutral or natural. Godreau traces the presumed benevolence or triviality of slavery in Puerto Rico, the favoring of a Spanish colonial whiteness (under a Hispanophile discourse), and the insistence on a harmonious race mixture as discourses that thrive on a presumed contrast with the United States that also characterize Puerto Rico as morally superior. In so doing, she outlines the debates, social hierarchies, and colonial discourses that inform the racialization of San Antâon and its residents as black. Mining ethnographic materials and anthropological and historical research, Scripts of Blackness provides powerful insights into the critical political, economic, and historical context behind the strategic deployment of blackness, whiteness, and racial mixture\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Colorism and Health Disparities in Home Countries: The Case of Puerto Rico
This study reveals the association of skin color with health disparities in Puerto Rico, a US territory that is home to the second largest Latino population in the US. Aware of the inadequacy of standard OMB ethno-racial categories in capturing racial differences among Latinos, we incorporated skin color scales into the Puerto Rico BRFSS. We apply both logistic regressions and propensity score matching techniques. We found that colorism plays a significant role in health outcomes of dark-skinned Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico and that skin color is a better health predictor than the OMB ethno-racial categories. Our results indicate that Puerto Ricans of the lightest skin tone have better general health than Puerto Ricans who self-described as being of the darkest skin tones. Findings underscore the importance of considering how racial discrimination manifested through colorism affects the health of Latino populations in the US and its territories.
Journal Article
Racismo en Puerto Rico: Surveying Perceptions of Racism
This study engaged the relatively new method of on-line survey methodology to address a few key questions about perceptions of racism in Puerto Rico. The questions addressed whether Puerto Ricans perceive anti-black racism to exist; whether they have experienced it personally, or observed racist behaviors and practices; and in what realms of social life they perceive racism to exist. The article correlates these findings with the way respondents described themselves racially. Thus, this article reports on three distinct areas: (1) the use of on-line survey methodology to address questions of race and racism; (2) quantitative response patterns about racism in PR and among Puerto Ricans and their relationship to how people self-described racially; and (3) to how, when, and where racism is manifested according to respondents. [Key words: Puerto Rico, racism, race, skin color, on-line surveys]
Journal Article
The lessons of slavery: Discourses of slavery, mestizaje, and blanqueamiento in an elementary school in Puerto Rico
On the basis of ethnographic research conducted in an elementary public school in Puerto Rico, we maintain in this article that subduing and narrowing the history of slavery is instrumental in the reproduction of national ideologies of mestizaje in Afro‐Latin America. We explore how school texts and practices silence, trivialize, and simplify the history of slavery and conclude that these maneuvers distance blackness from Puerto Rican identity and silence racism while upholding racial democracy and blanqueamiento as a social value. [slavery, racism in education, Puerto Rico, blanqueamiento, mestizaje, blackness, public history]
Journal Article
Despues del Huracan: Using a Diaspora Framework to Contextualize and Problematize Educational Responses Post-Maria
Already struggling from the effects of decades of economic recession, failing infrastructure, and the deleterious impact of more than a century of colonial rule by the United States, the devastation caused by Hurricane Maria further exacerbated the woeful economic conditions of the Island, causing many Puerto Ricans to flee and seek refuge stateside. As Diaspora communities receive hundreds of thousands of new arrivals, we seek to critically analyze how educational institutions, from K-12 schools to institutions of higher education in the States, have responded to meet the needs of displaced Puerto Ricans. In addition to documenting the work of schools in the Diaspora, this article also aims to step back and explore how Diaspora communities can most effectively support the Island's efforts to recover, rebuild, and reopen its own educational institutions. [Keywords: Puerto Rican Education, Diaspora, Hurricane Maria, Diaspora Framework, School Choice]
Journal Article
The Lessons of Slavery: Discourses of Slavery, Mestizaje, and Blanqueamiento in an Elementary School in Puerto Rico
On the basis of ethnographic research conducted in an elementary public school in Puerto Rico, we maintain in this article that subduing and narrowing the history of slavery is instrumental in the reproduction of national ideologies of mestizaje in Afro-Latin America. We explore how school texts and practices silence, trivialize, and simplify the history of slavery and conclude that these maneuvers distance blackness from Puerto Rican identity and silence racism while upholding racial democracy and blanqueamiento as a social value.
Journal Article
Peinando diferencias, bregas de pertenencia: El alisado y el llamado \pelo malo\
This article examines racial aspects related to hair smoothing in Puerto Rico. The author rejects to tie it to problems of self-esteem or to the desire of being white. Conversely, she examines it as a syncretic expression, as sign of a racially mixed belonging that nationalizes the black woman's body, as \"brega congraciante\" of the labor scope, and as promotional dynamics of feminine solidarities. Ethnographies of the dynamics of women in beauty parlors, the content of promotional ads about curl smoothing products, and an myriad of anthropological sources and Afro-American Literature are used. /// Este artículo examina aspectos raciales relacionados con el alisado en Puerto Rico. La autora rechaza vincular el alisado a problemas de autoestima o al deseo de ser blanco. En cambio, lo examina como una expresión sincrética, como señal de pertenencia mestiza que nacionaliza el cuerpo de la mujer negra, como brega congraciante del ámbito laboral y como dinámica promotora de solidaridades femeninas. Se utilizan etnogradías de dinámicas de mujeres en salones de belleza, el contenido de anuncios para alisar o 'aplacar' los rizos, y un sinnúmero de fuentes antropológicas y de literatura afroamericana. /// Cet article examine les aspects raciaux en rapport avec la pratique de se défriser les cheveux à Porto Rico. L'auteur rejette d'établir un lien entre le fait de \"se défriser\" et l'auto estime ou le souhait de devenir blanc. Par contre, elle examine cette question en tant qu'une expression syncrétique, en tant qu'un signal d'appartenance métisse qui nationalise le corps de la femme noire, en tant qu'une espèce de démarche (\"brega\") qui vise à attirer la bonne volonté de secteur ouvrier et en tant que dynamique de promotion de solidarités féminines. Cet article se sert des ethnographies des dynamiques des femmes dans les salons de coiffure, du contenu des annonces publicitaires pour se défriser ou \"adoucir\" les cheveux et d'autres sources anthropologiques et littéraires afro-américaines.
Journal Article