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In Japan, many fathers consider their spouse to be their children’s primary parent while casting themselves in a supporting role. Yet, in the majority of reported child maltreatment cases in Japan, the child’s father is recorded as the perpetrator. This may seem somewhat puzzling, given that primary caregivers are recorded as the perpetrator of maltreatment in other cultures. This study qualitatively analyses the parenting experience of 11 Japanese fathers and their reflections on child maltreatment risks. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fathers of pre-school aged children from middle-class families who had no reported history of child maltreatment. Using qualitative content analysis through a process of condensing, coding and categorising, we arrived at the following theme: fathers aspire to be an active parent, while respecting and supporting their spouses, but anxiety and stress trigger impatience and frustration during parenting. The fathers reported that they are more likely to maltreat their children, especially boys, in situations which triggered anxiety and frustration. Anxiety is particularly heightened when they feared public embarrassment. These findings are discussed with reference to the Japanese social and cultural context, and contrasted with previous research into the parenting experiences of Japanese mothers. The findings indicate that fathers may benefit from tailored support programmes which strengthen their self-efficacy before building resilience for the challenging situations they may encounter as fathers. Highlights Japanese fathers at low risk for maltreatment were interviewed about their parenting experience. Social and professional barriers inhibit fathers’ desire to be actively involved as parents. Participants’ parenting ideals are threatened in stressful or anxiety-provoking situations. Fathers may perceive themselves to be a secondary and less competent parent than mothers. The data may reflect a societal value system representative of Japanese culture.

The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions: protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority of fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron-scattering measurements using 12C, 27Al, 56Fe, and 208Pb targets show that even in heavy, neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs. Thus, in neutron-rich nuclei, protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum. This finding has implications ranging from nuclear few-body systems to neutron stars and may also be observable experimentally in two-spin–state, ultracold atomic gas systems.

The doubly-strange Xi baryons provide an effective way to study a puzzle called the missing-baryons problem, where both quark models and lattice gauge theory predict more baryon excited states than are seen experimentally. However, few of these excited states have been observed with any certainty. Here, high-mass Xi states have been searched for in photoproduction with the CLAS detector, and upper limits for the total cross sections have been established from threshold to W = 3.3 GeV. In addition, the total cross sections of the ground state Xi(1320) and first excited state Xi(1530) are presented, extending significantly the center-of-mass energy range of previous data.

We have measured cross sections for the gamma+3He->p+d reaction at photon energies of 0.4 - 1.4 GeV and a center-of-mass angle of 90 deg. We observe dimensional scaling above 0.7 GeV at this center-of-mass angle. This is the first observation of dimensional scaling in the photodisintegration of a nucleus heavier than the deuteron.

We report the measurement of near threshold neutral pion electroproduction cross sections and the extraction of the associated structure functions on the proton in the kinematic range \\(Q^2\\) from 2 to 4.5 GeV\\(^2\\) and \\(W\\) from 1.08 to 1.16 GeV. These measurements allow us to access the dominant pion-nucleon s-wave multipoles \\(E_{0+}\\) and \\(S_{0+}\\) in the near-threshold region. In the light-cone sum-rule framework (LCSR), these multipoles are related to the generalized form factors \\(G_1^{\\pi^0 p}(Q^2)\\) and \\(G_2^{\\pi^0 p}(Q^2)\\). The data are compared to these generalized form factors and the results for \\(G_1^{\\pi^0 p}(Q^2)\\) are found to be in good agreement with the LCSR predictions, but the level of agreement with \\(G_2^{\\pi^0 p}(Q^2)\\) is poor.

We report the first measurement of the differential cross section on \\(\\phi\\)-meson photoproduction from deuterium near the production threshold for a proton using the CLAS detector and a tagged-photon beam in Hall B at Jefferson Lab. The measurement was carried out by a triple coincidence detection of a proton, \\(K^+\\) and \\(K^-\\) near the theoretical production threshold of 1.57 GeV. The extracted differential cross sections \\(\\frac{d\\sigma}{dt}\\) for the initial photon energy from 1.65-1.75 GeV are consistent with predictions based on a quasifree mechanism. This experiment establishes a baseline for a future experimental search for an exotic \\(\\phi\\)-N bound state from heavier nuclear targets utilizing subthreshold/near-threshold production of \\(\\phi\\) mesons.

The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions: protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority of fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron-scattering measurements using (12)C, (27)Al, (56)Fe, and (208)Pb targets show that even in heavy, neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs. Thus, in neutron-rich nuclei, protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum. This finding has implications ranging from nuclear few-body systems to neutron stars and may also be observable experimentally in two-spin-state, ultracold atomic gas systems.

There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, \\(G_E^p\\), extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that small two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions can significantly affect the extraction of \\(G_E^p\\) from the unpolarized electron-proton cross sections. We determined the TPE contribution by measuring the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections using a simultaneous, tertiary electron-positron beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target and detecting the scattered particles in the Jefferson Lab CLAS detector. This novel technique allowed us to cover a wide range in virtual photon polarization (\\(\\varepsilon\\)) and momentum transfer (\\(Q^2\\)) simultaneously, as well as to cancel luminosity-related systematic errors. The cross section ratio increases with decreasing \\(\\varepsilon\\) at \\(Q^2 = 1.45 \\text{ GeV}^2\\). This measurement is consistent with the size of the form factor discrepancy at \\(Q^2\\approx 1.75\\) GeV\\(^2\\) and with hadronic calculations including nucleon and \\(\\Delta\\) intermediate states, which have been shown to resolve the discrepancy up to \\(2-3\\) GeV\\(^2\\).

The atomic nucleus is composed of two different kinds of fermions, protons and neutrons. If the protons and neutrons did not interact, the Pauli exclusion principle would force the majority fermions (usually neutrons) to have a higher average momentum. Our high-energy electron scattering measurements using 12C, 27Al, 56Fe and 208Pb targets show that, even in heavy neutron-rich nuclei, short-range interactions between the fermions form correlated high-momentum neutron-proton pairs. Thus, in neutron-rich nuclei, protons have a greater probability than neutrons to have momentum greater than the Fermi momentum. This finding has implications ranging from nuclear few body systems to neutron stars and may also be observable experimentally in two-spin state, ultra-cold atomic gas systems.

We have measured the induced polarization of the \\({\\Lambda}(1116)\\) in the reaction \\(ep\\rightarrow e'K^+{\\Lambda}\\), detecting the scattered \\(e'\\) and \\(K^+\\) in the final state along with the proton from the decay \\(\\Lambda\\rightarrow p\\pi^-\\).The present study used the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS), which allowed for a large kinematic acceptance in invariant energy \\(W\\) (\\(1.6\\leq W \\leq 2.7\\) GeV) and covered the full range of the kaon production angle at an average momentum transfer \\(Q^2=1.90\\) GeV\\(^2\\).In this experiment a 5.50 GeV electron beam was incident upon an unpolarized liquid-hydrogen target. We have mapped out the \\(W\\) and kaon production angle dependencies of the induced polarization and found striking differences from photoproduction data over most of the kinematic range studied. However, we also found that the induced polarization is essentially \\(Q^2\\) independent in our kinematic domain, suggesting that somewhere below the \\(Q^2\\) covered here there must be a strong \\(Q^2\\) dependence. Along with previously published photo- and electroproduction cross sections and polarization observables, these data are needed for the development of models, such as effective field theories, and as input to coupled-channel analyses that can provide evidence of previously unobserved \\(s\\)-channel resonances.