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Introduction: The noun has traditionally been defined in linguistic theory, following Dionysius and subsequent grammarians, as denoting subjects or objects. However, this definition fails to account for the multifunctionality of nouns in actual language use. This study questions the scientific validity of the traditional definition and explores its philosophical origins, arguing that ancient metaphysical assumptions continue to shape grammatical theory.   Theoretical Framework: The theoretical grounding of this study builds upon the philosophical paradigms of Plato and Aristotle, whose metaphysical doctrines laid the foundation for ancient grammars. We examine how philosophical worldviews on the relationship between language, thought, and reality shaped the definition of grammatical categories.   Methodology: The research adopts a diachronic approach, combining textual analysis of ancient philosophical and grammatical works with comparative observation of noun usage in modern languages. Illustrative data is drawn from Georgian, English, Russian, and Turkish.   Results and Discussion: The study reveals that in many languages, nouns express not only subject meaning but also predicative, attributive, and adverbial meanings. The Dionysian definition, influenced by Platonic metaphysics, fails to accommodate this linguistic reality. Furthermore, the persistence of this narrow definition has been reinforced by logical traditions equating sentence structure with thought structure.   Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for a new theoretical model of noun definition, one that recognizes its multifunctional nature and moves beyond metaphysical assumptions rooted in ancient philosophy.

Introduction: The noun has traditionally been defined in linguistic theory, following Dionysius and subsequent grammarians, as denoting subjects or objects. However, this definition fails to account for the multifunctionality of nouns in actual language use. This study questions the scientific validity of the traditional definition and explores its philosophical origins, arguing that ancient metaphysical assumptions continue to shape grammatical theory. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical grounding of this study builds upon the philosophical paradigms of Plato and Aristotle, whose metaphysical doctrines laid the foundation for ancient grammars. We examine how philosophical worldviews on the relationship between language, thought, and reality shaped the definition of grammatical categories. Methodology: The research adopts a diachronic approach, combining textual analysis of ancient philosophical and grammatical works with comparative observation of noun usage in modern languages. Illustrative data is drawn from Georgian, English, Russian, and Turkish. Results and Discussion: The study reveals that in many languages, nouns express not only subject meaning but also predicative, attributive, and adverbial meanings. The Dionysian definition, influenced by Platonic metaphysics, fails to accommodate this linguistic reality. Furthermore, the persistence of this narrow definition has been reinforced by logical traditions equating sentence structure with thought structure. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for a new theoretical model of noun definition, one that recognizes its multifunctional nature and moves beyond metaphysical assumptions rooted in ancient philosophy.