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Many pollinators, including bumble bees, are in decline. Such declines are known to be driven by a number of interacting factors. Decreases in bee populations may also negatively impact the key ecosystem service, pollination, that they provide. Pesticides and parasites are often cited as two of the drivers of bee declines, particularly as they have previously been found to interact with one another to the detriment of bee health. Here we test the effects of an insecticide, sulfoxaflor, and a highly prevalent bumble bee parasite, Crithidia bombi , on the bumble bee Bombus terrestris . After exposing colonies to realistic doses of either sulfoxaflor and/or Crithidia bombi in a fully crossed experiment, colonies were allowed to forage on field beans in outdoor exclusion cages. Foraging performance was monitored, and the impacts on fruit set were recorded. We found no effect of either stressor, or their interaction, on the pollination services they provide to field beans, either at an individual level or a whole colony level. Further, there was no impact of any treatment, in any metric, on colony development. Our results contrast with prior findings that similar insecticides (neonicotinoids) impact pollination services, and that sulfoxaflor impacts colony development, potentially suggesting that sulfoxaflor is a less harmful compound to bee health than neonicotinoids insecticides.

Wharton's assertion of the \"value of duration\" not only disproves the critical statement that she was unable to write on the American idiom and culture, but proves that she spent her lifetime recording repositing] in fiction and non-fiction the results of \"the welter of change\" of the social structure of her parents' day. [...]Wharton documented the past for the present, and \"for a future generation who may study them with eyes cleared of prejudice\" (339). [...]the reader does not know exactly what Nick sees when he visits the church of the Scalzi because as Tintner explains the fresco had been \"destroyed by an Austrian bomb in 1915\"(23). [...]when Nick arrives at the Scalzi Church arid sits under the Tiepolo fresco and then \"[...J wandered up the nave under the whirl of rose-andlemon angels in Tiepolo's great vault\" (91), he sees Coral Hicks, the homely daughter of a wealthy American, enjoying Tiepolo as well. Both Nick and Coral would like a real home of their own, but both live nomadic lives. Since Nick and Susy live in borrowed palaces which are lent to them for short periods of time for services rendered, they have become social parasites who are dependent on rich peoples whims. Elizabeth Ammons writes that after The Age of Innocence, Wharton ends her argument with America during the Progressive Era, \"tum[ingj her attention to the present, the 1920s, and wr[iting] novels declaring motherhood woman's best and most fulfilling job in life\" (157). [...]beginning with The Glimpses of the Moon \"that woman's duty as a mother must take precedence over her desire for personal freedom\" (157).

[Alan] and I discovered and played out our totally different parenting styles. Like a child, [Yael] quickly learned with whom he could get away with what. Although he was not allowed to jump (according to the rules), when Alan came through the door. Yael was right there displaying his most primal acts of excitement - jumping and playfully attacking with loads of good slobber and love. Of course. Alan ate it up. In contrast, when I walked in the door. Yael stood attentively looking up at me as I petted him using the praise the book dictated: \"Good stay.\" Wherever we went, Yael's yellow cape and appearance in public places that were otherwise off-limits to dogs piqued people's interest. From the beginning, our friends and neighbors were incredulous at our decision to raise him. \"You guys are nuts! How could you take an adorable dog like this knowing you have to give him back?\" We gave the standard response outlining our dedication to the greater cause, but the explanation generally fell on skeptical ears: \"Wait till the time comes - you will hope he fails so you can keep him.\" Having no prior experience as pet owners, at first we couldn't fathom a connection to an animal strong enough to engender fantasies of kidnapping, as had been half-jokingly suggested by our friends. All we saw and felt was the work his care entailed - we were not too concerned about the return policy.

A willing 5-year-old, I memorized the assigned Yiddish poems and learned Yiddish songs, among them the heart-rending \"Papirossen,\" about a homeless parent wandering the streets with ragged children hungry and cold. About 18 years ago, I noticed a cast call in Newsday inviting people to audition for the Gilbert & Sullivan Yiddish Light Opera Company on Long Island. I attended a rehearsal, laughed throughout, auditioned, and the rest is history. The group has performed at venues throughout Long Island, as well as Florida, New Jersey and all the boroughs of New York City. We continue to appear at JCCs., libraries, and even Catholic Charities senior groups, bringing fun, laughter and the delightful songs of Gilbert and Sullivan. And so I have come full circle back to an early love of entertainment in the Yiddish theater.

Well done to David Aaronovitch on his hard work at fat camp (The Stomach For It, July 23) - but a word of warning. Food fulfils many needs besides fuelling the body. One of these is for sensual satisfaction. For all but the most ascetic, a long-term eating regime must be pleasurable. To focus on constant fullness reinforces our cultural norm of overfilling the stomach and regarding this sensation as desirable. Intensity of taste makes smaller quantities satisfying. I advise Mr Aaronovitch to indulge his senses and moderate his portions. Priscilla Kwateng's Guide To Youth (July 23) column sneers, \"When will [Cheryl Tweedy of Girls Aloud] realise . . . [her] musical legacy will be no more enduring than Bananarama's?\" Given that Bananarama have been going for 23 years so far, with a new single out this week, Tweedy will have to wait at least a couple of decades before a meaningful comparison can be drawn.

That assignment sensitized me to the acute vulnerabilities of the South Shore of Long Island in general and Nassau County in particular to a Category 2.5 and above hurricane. During my assignment I visited Holly Beach, La., a beachside community 85 miles west of New Orleans. It was subjected to the most severe winds of Hurricane [Rita]. It is a community comparable to Atlantic Beach, Long Beach, Lido Beach or Point Lookout. For example, columnist and commentator Dick Morris, in a recent TV interview, said the pro-life movement has gained a 10 percent increase in public support during the past decade. In addition, the Zogby International poll in April 2004 concluded that 56 percent of Americans would ban all abortions or allow them only in cases of rape, incest or danger to the life of the mother, cases that make up a very small and insignificant number of legal abortions. This poll also found that only 13 percent of people believe abortion should be always legal for any reason and at all times. Other public opinion poll results also can be cited, with similar findings. Several years back there were proposals to build a Long Island Sound crossing - then called the Oyster Bay-Rye Bridge (Interstate 287). This plan was rejected mostly for political reasons hidden under the guise of \"environmental concerns.\" The time has come for the people of Long Island and Connecticut, along with our elected officials, to consider a proposal for a Sound crossing once again. This initiative would be far more valuable for the region at large and quality of life on Long Island than proposals we hear every day for another baseball stadium or mega-mall. There would be advantages on both sides of the Sound (and lower Hudson region): a broader market for goods and services, improved employment opportunities, favorable impacts on property values and taxes, eased congestion in the city and, in the wake of 9/11, an escape route off Long Island in the event of a future attack or evacuation.

IntroductionThis project applies a Learning Healthcare System (LHS) approach to antibiotic prescribing for common infections in primary care. The approach involves iterations of data analysis, feedback to clinicians and implementation of quality improvement activities by the clinicians. The main research question is, can a knowledge support system (KSS) intervention within an LHS implementation improve antibiotic prescribing without increasing the risk of complications?Methods and analysisA pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted, with randomisation of at least 112 general practices in North-West England. General practices participating in the trial will be randomised to the following interventions: periodic practice-level and individual prescriber feedback using dashboards; or the same dashboards plus a KSS. Data from large databases of healthcare records are used to characterise heterogeneity in antibiotic uses, and to calculate risk scores for clinical outcomes and for the effectiveness of different treatment strategies. The results provide the baseline content for the dashboards and KSS. The KSS comprises a display within the electronic health record used during the consultation; the prescriber (general practitioner or allied health professional) will answer standard questions about the patient’s presentation and will then be presented with information (eg, patient’s risk of complications from the infection) to guide decision making. The KSS can generate information sheets for patients, conveyed by the clinicians during consultations. The primary outcome is the practice-level rate of antibiotic prescribing (per 1000 patients) with secondary safety outcomes. The data from practices participating in the trial and the dashboard infrastructure will be held within regional shared care record systems of the National Health Service in the UK.Ethics and disseminationApproved by National Health Service Ethics Committee IRAS 290050. The research results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and also disseminated to participating clinical staff and policy and guideline developers.Trial registration numberISRCTN16230629.