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Prior to the 1980s, Israel's national ideology discouraged emigration and entrepreneurship among its citizens. Yet, by the late 1990s, Israeli emigrants were one of the leading immigrant nationalities in Silicon Valley. Drawing on interviews, fieldwork, a literature review, and perusal of social media, I explore the origins of Israeli involvement in high-tech activities and the extensive linkages between Israeli emigrants and the Israeli high-tech industry. I also summarize the patterns of communal cooperation that permit emigrant families to maintain an Israel-oriented way of life in suburban communities south of San Francisco, and I compare these patterns with those of Indians, a nationality engaged in the same pursuit. I conclude by considering the impact of infotech involvement on Israeli immigrants and on the U.S. economy.

This revised and expanded second edition of Routledge International Handbook of Migration Studies provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the complexity and patterns of international migration. Despite increased efforts to limit its size and consequences, migration has wide-ranging impacts upon social, environmental, economic, political and cultural life in countries of origin and settlement. Such transformations impact not only those who are migrating, but those who are left behind, as well as those who live in the areas where migrants settle. Featuring forty-six essays written by leading international and multidisciplinary scholars, this new edition showcases evolving research and theorizing around refugees and forced migrants, new migration paths through Central Asia and the Middle East, the condition of statelessness and South to South migration. New chapters also address immigrant labor and entrepreneurship, skilled migration, ethnic succession, contract labor and informal economies. Uniquely among texts in the subject area, the Handbook provides a six-chapter compendium of methodologies for studying international migration and its impacts. Written in a clear and direct style, this Handbook offers a contemporary integrated resource for students and scholars from the perspectives of social science, humanities, journalism and other disciplines. List of figures List of tables Notes on the contributors Introduction to the second edition Steven J. Gold and Stephanie J. Nawyn Introduction to the first edition Steven J. Gold and Stephanie J. Nawyn PART I: Theories and histories of international migration 1 Economic perspectives on migration Peter Karpestam and Fredrik N.G. Andersson 2 Psychological acculturation: perspectives, principles, processes, and prospects Marc H. Bornstein, Judith K. Bernhard, Robert H. Bradley, Xinyin Chen, Jo Ann M. Farver, Steven J. Gold, Donald J. Hernandez, Christiane Spiel, Fons van de Vijver, and Hirokazu Yoshikawa 3 European migration history Leo Lucassen and Jan Lucassen 4 Migration history in the Americas Donna R. Gabaccia 5 Asian migration in the longue durée Adam McKeown 6 A brief history of African migration David Newman Glovsky PART II Displacement, refugees and forced migration 7 Forced migrants: exclusion, incorporation and a moral economy of deservingness Charles Watters 8 Refugees and geopolitical conflicts David Haines 9 Country of first asylum Breanne Grace 10 Displacement, refugees, and forced migration in the MENA region: the case of Syria Seçil Paçaci Elitok and Christiane Fröhlich 11 Climate change and human migration: constructed vulnerability, uneven flows, and the challenges of studying environmental migration in the 21st century Daniel B. Ahlquist and Leo A. Baldiga PART III: Migrants in the economy 12 Unions and immigrants Héctor L. Delgado 13 Immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship Ali R. Chaudhary 14 High-skilled migration Metka Hercog 15 Immigration and the informal economy Rebeca Raijman 16 Vulnerability to exploitation and human trafficking: a multi-scale review of risk Amanda Flaim and Celine Villongco PART IV: Intersecting inequalities in the lives of migrants 17 The changing configuration of migration and race Miri Song 18 Nativism: a global-historical perspective Maritsa V. Poros 19 Gender and migration: uneven integration Stephanie J. Nawyn 20 Sexualities and international migration Eithne Luibhéid 21 Migrants and indigeneity: nationalism, nativism and the politics of place Nandita Sharma PART V: Creating and recreating community and group identity 22 Panethnicity Y.n Lê Espiritu 23 Understanding ethnicity from a community perspective Min Zhou 24 Religion on the move: the place of religion in different stages of the migration experience Jacqueline Maria Hagan and Holly Straut-Eppsteiner 25 Condemned to a protracted limbo? Refugees and statelessness in the age of terrorism Cawo M. Abdi and Erika Busse 26 Reclaiming the black and Asian journeys: a comparative perspective on culture, class, and immigration Patricia Fernández-Kelly PART VI: Migrants and social reproduction 27 Immigrant and refugee language policies, programs, and practices in an era of change: promises, contradictions, and possibilities Guofang Li and Pramod Kumar Sah 28 Immigrant intermarriage Charlie V. Morgan 29 International adoption Andrea Louie PART VII: Migrants and the state 30 Undocumented (or unauthorized) immigration Cecilia Menjívar 31 Detention and deportation Caitlin Patler, Kristina Shull, and Katie Dingeman 32 Naturalization and nationality: community, nation-state and global explanations Thomas Janoski 33 Asian migrations and the evolving notions of national community Yuk Wah Chan 34 Immigration and education Ramona Fruja Amthor 35 Emigration and the sending state Cristián Doña-Reveco and Brendan Mullan 36 International migration and the welfare state: connections and extensions Aaron Ponce 37 Immigration and crime and the criminalization of immigration Rubén G. Rumbaut, Katie Dingeman, and Anthony Robles PART VIII: Maintaining links across borders 38 The historical, cultural, social, and political backgrounds of ethno-national diasporas Gabriel (Gabi) Sheffer 39 Transnationalism Thomas Faist and Basak Bilecen 40 Survival or incorporation? Immigrant (re)integration after deportation Kelly Birch Maginot 41 Return migration Audrey Kobayashi PART IX: Methods for studying international migration 42 Census analysis Karen A. Woodrow-Lafield 43 Binational migration surveys: representativeness, standardization, and the ethnosurvey model Mariano Sana 44 Interviewing immigrants and refugees: reflexive engagement with research subjects Chien-Juh Gu 45 Using photography in studies of international migration Steven J. Gold 46 Comparative methodologies in the study of migration Irene Bloemraad Index Steven J. Gold is Professor in the Department of Sociology at Michigan State University. His interests include international migration, ethnic economies, qualitative methods and visual sociology. He has conducted research on Israeli emigration and transnationalism, Russian-speaking Jewish and Vietnamese refugees in the U.S., ethnic economies, and on conflicts between immigrant merchants and their customers. Stephanie J. Nawyn is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology and the Co-Director of Academic Programs at the Center for Gender in Global Context at Michigan State University. Her work has primarily focused on refugee resettlement and protection, as well as the economic advancement of African voluntary migrants in the U.S. with a focus on gender. She was a Fulbright Fellow at Istanbul University for the 2013–14 academic year, studying the treatment of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Her most recent work was published in the Journal of Refugees Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Racial Studies.

The Store in the Hood is a comprehensive study of conflicts between immigrant merchants and customers throughout the U.S. during the 20th century. From the lynchings of Sicilian immigrant merchants in the late 1800s, to the riots in L.A. following the acquittal of the police officers who beat Rodney King, to present-day Detroit, recurrent conflicts between immigrant business owners and their customers have disrupted the stability of American life. Devastating human lives, property and public order, these conflicts have been the subject of periodic investigations that are generally limited in scope and emphasize the outlooks and cultural practices of the involved groups as the root of most disputes. This book develops a more nuanced understanding by exploring merchant/customer conflicts over the past hundred years across a wide range of ethnic groups and settings. Utilizing published research, official statistics, interviews, and ethnographic data collected from diverse locations, the book reveals how powerful groups and institutions have shaped the environments in which merchant/customer conflicts occur. These conflicts must be seen as products of the larger society's values, policies and structures, not solely as a consequence of actions by immigrants, the urban poor, and other marginal groups.

This essay examines the experience of international students in American universities, providing basic data on their numbers and economic impact. Accompanying photographs document international students’ participation in Globalfest, an annual event that celebrates their enrollment at Michigan State University.ᅟ

As one of the most influential commentators on the role of modern philosophy, Richard Rorty's work impacted all areas of philosophical inquiry, including business ethics. Rorty's post-foundational approach to \"moral imagination\" can inform how we teach business ethics in a diverse and philosophically eclectic manner. A summary of Rorty's critique of philosophy, ethics, and applied ethics will be followed by a discussion of the implications for a critical pedagogy and the pragmatic use of an expansive philosophical lexicon in a business ethics course.

This paper links the work of Sebastião Salgado, recipient of the 2010 American Sociological Association (ASA) Award for Excellence in the Reporting of Social Issues, with the discipline of sociology. I reflect on Salgado's biography, method, and concerns in order to demonstrate how his work contributes to the awareness and understanding of social issues. Toward this end, I summarize sociology's record of involvement with visual documentation. Prior to 1915, the American Journal of Sociology regularly included photographs that provided visual documentation of environments under study. However, as sociology moved away from social reform activities and toward scientific investigation, the regular publication of photographs ceased. During the 1930s and 1940s, photographic projects in disciplines and social movements beyond sociology developed a variety of methods that would prove useful to sociology. During the 1970s, sociologists once again began to use visual methods in their teaching, research, and publication, putting sociology in the position to both contribute to and benefit from insights and social commitments that have distinguished Sebastião Salgado as a globally significant photographer and social activist during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.

As recently as the late 1970s and 1980s, a broad consensus in both Israel and US Jewish communities asserted that Israel should be the primary destination for Jewish migrants. Hebrew terms like yordim (those who go down) and noshrim (dropouts) stigmatized \"Jewish communal deviants\" who chose to settle outside of Israel. Moreover, whether they established themselves in Tel Aviv or Los Angeles, Jewish migrants were expected to cooperate with the religious, economic, political, cultural, and national agendas created for them by their host communities. While migrants had their own preferences about resettlement, they had limited ability to act on them. However, by the mid-1990s, a series of political, economic, ideological and demographic developments had transformed the status and treatment of Jewish migrants. The United States had received hundreds of thousands of Jewish migrants, either in competition with, or from, Israel. The American Jewish community, in consort with migrant activists and Israel itself, extended an array of social, economic, and religious services to Jewish migrants. And in both Israel and the United States, migrant populations increasingly selected their own patterns of national, political, linguistic, cultural, and religious identity—conforming to the agendas of host communities only in ways that they themselves chose. The net effect of these recent transformations has been to greatly enhance the autonomy of Jewish migrants. In this, we see a movement away from nationally-bounded forms of Jewish identity within Israel, the United States and other settings, and their replacement with flexible and less geographically fixed forms of Jewish identification. This article draws on in-depth interviews with Jewish migrants and resettlement staff to discuss recent transformations among Jewish migrants in the United States. It reviews some of the causes of these changes and considers their impacts. It concludes that skilled Jewish migrants with access to multiple places and ways of settlement have a great deal to offer the American Jewish community, but also considerable freedom to decide how and where they will live. Such factors transform established understandings of American Jewish life and need to be considered by scholars and policy makers involved in Jewish population research.

The rapid rise in immigration over the past few decades has transformed the American social landscape, while the need to understand its impact on society has led to a burgeoning research literature. Predominantly non-European and of varied cultural, social, and economic backgrounds, the new immigrants present analytic challenges that cannot be wholly met by traditional immigration studies. Immigration Research for a New Century demonstrates how sociology, anthropology, history, political science, economics, and other disciplines intersect to answer questions about today's immigrants. In Part I, leading scholars examine the emergence of an interdisciplinary body of work that incorporates such topics as the social construction of race, the importance of ethnic self-help and economic niches, the influence of migrant-homeland ties, and the types of solidarity and conflict found among migrant populations. The authors also explore the social and national origins of immigration scholars themselves, many of whom cameof age in an era of civil rights and ethnic reaffirmation, and may also be immigrants or children of immigrants. Together these essays demonstrate how social change, new patterns of immigration, and the scholars' personal backgrounds have altered the scope and emphases of the research literature, allowing scholars to ask new questions and to see old problems in new ways. Part II contains the work of anew generation of immigrant scholars, reflecting the scope of a field bolstered by different disciplinary styles. These essays explore the complex variety of the immigrant experience, ranging from itinerant farmworkers to Silicon Valley engineers. The demands ofthe American labor force, ethnic, racial, and gender stereotyping, and state regulation are all shown to play important roles in the economic adaptation of immigrants. The ways in which immigrants participate politically, their relationships among themselves, their attitudes toward naturalization and citizenship, and their own sense of cultural identity are also addressed. Immigration Research for a New Century examines the complex effects that immigration has had not only on American society but on scholarship itself, and offers the fresh insights of a new generation of immigration researchers. NANCY FONER is professor of anthropology at the State University of New York, Purchase. RUBÉN G. RUMBAUT is professor of sociology at Michigan State University. STEVEN J. GOLD is professor and associate chair in the Department of Sociology at Michigan State University. CONTRIBUTORS: Steven J. Gold, Rafael Alarcon, Nancy C. Carnevale, Catherine Ceniza Choy, Josh DeWind, Ingrid Gould Ellen, Herbert J. Gans, Greta Gilbertson, Jennifer S. Hirsch, Jon D. Holtzman, Jane Junn, Kathy A. Kaufman, Fred Krissman, Gallya Lahav, Jennifer Lee, Peggy Levitt, Howard Markel, Gaspar Rivera-Salgado, George J. Sanchez, Audrey Singer, Alexandra Minna Stern, Ayumi Takemaka, Mary C. Waters, Steven S. Zahniser, Aristide R. Zolberg.

The agricultural economy in the United States has relied heavily on migrant farmworkers and, in particular, on Latinos. However, migrant families remain one of the most disadvantaged groups in the United States. This research focuses on a subsample of migrant families of Mexican origin (n = 13), who participated in the \"Rural Families Speak\" multistate study. Qualitative findings described numerous challenges that Mexican-origin migrant families continue to experience. Results were also illustrative of the resilience of migrant families, which is influenced by specific Latino cultural values and is reflected in the successful adaptation of these families to the challenges associated with a migrant lifestyle.